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the town of Chumulcingo is located in the Municipality of Ixmatlahuacan (in the State of Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave).
There are 3 inhabitants. Chumulcingo is 1 meters above sea level.
If you browse this webpage, you will also find a map with the location of Chumulcingo.
Where is Chumulcingo?
Location map of Chumulcingo: Please use the top left controls to zoom in (+) or out (-). They are satellite images centered in Chumulcingo, which is marked with the symbol
Vote for Chumulcingo
Do you like Chumulcingo? Or don't you like it much? Now you can vote for Chumulcingo so that everyone knows it. Use these stars ("0" you like little, "5" you like a lot) to rate with your opinion.
Help us to improve the information about Chumulcingo and to spread it over the Internet:→Add one website of Chumulcingo
→ Link Chumulcingo from your webpage
→ Write a family member or a friend and tell them about Chumulcingo
Here you are more Towns in the Municipality of Ixmatlahuacan:
- Buena Vista
- Chapa Baya
- Colonia San Salvador (La Finca)
- El Amarillo
- El Llanete
- El Tolete
- El Uvero
- El Zopilote
- Homero Arroniz
- Juana María
- La Campana
- La Gloria (Barrios)
- La Miel
- La Petronila
- La Providencia
- La Unión
- Las Cuatas
|
0.6954
|
FineWeb
|
```json
[
"Location of Chumulcingo",
"Demographics of Chumulcingo",
"Nearby Towns in Ixmatlahuacan"
]
```
|
|Spring Term 2013 The (En)Gendering of Modern Spain: Gender and National Narratives from Romanticsm to the Avant-garde - 3870 - SPAN 512
Prerequisites/Notes: One course in Spanish at the 400-level
Catalog Description : A critical analysis of Spanish literature from Romanticism to the 1936 civil war. The course focuses on the connection between various literary representations of gender and their (re)production or defiance of national narratives in masterpieces by renowned authors like Rosalia de Castro and Frederico Garcia Lorca.
Attributes: Humanities Div GER (01cr), Diversity-Dimens GER (01cr), Language GER (01cr), BM Language GER (01cr), BM Humanities (01cr), Advanced Course
|
0.5079
|
FineWeb
|
["Spanish Literature", "Gender Studies", "National Narratives"]
|
US 6660616 B2
A transit time device (15, 15′) in a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology is disclosed. An anode region (18) and a cathode region (20) are formed on opposing ends of an epitaxial layer (14), with an intrinsic or lightly-doped region (22) disposed therebetween. Sinker structures (30 p , 30 n) are formed in an overlying epitaxial layer (24) over and in contact with the anode and cathode regions (18, 20). A charge injection terminal may be formed in a sinker structure (32 n) in the overlying epitaxial layer (24), if the transit time device (15′) is of the three-terminal type. The device (15, 15′) has extremely low parasitic capacitance to substrate, because of the buried oxide layer (12) underlying the intrinsic region (22).
1. A method of forming a transit time device in a semiconductor layer overlying an insulator layer, comprising the steps of:
masking the semiconductor layer to expose a first selected location of the semiconductor layer;
doping the exposed first selected location to a first conductivity type;
masking the semiconductor layer to expose a second selected location of the semiconductor layer, the first and second selected locations separated from one another by a distance;
doping the exposed second selected location to a second conductivity type, so that a portion of the semiconductor layer remaining between the first and second doped selected locations corresponds to an intrinsic region;
forming an isolation structure to surround the first and second doped selected locations and the intrinsic region;
doping the intrinsic region to a lightly-doped doping concentration relative to the first and second doped selected locations;
after the doping steps, forming an epitaxial layer over the semiconductor layer;
removing selected portions of the epitaxial layer, leaving first and second sinker structures overlying and in contact with the first and second doped selected locations of the semiconductor layer; and
doping the first and second sinker structures to the first and respectively, so that said first and second sinker structures become the first and second conductivity types, respectively,
wherein said first conductivity types is opposite to said second conductivity type.
2. The method of
after the removing step, removing portions of the semiconductor layer surrounding the first and second doped selected locations and the intrinsic region;
then depositing an insulator at the locations of the removed portions of the semiconductor layer, and also the at the locations of the removed portions of the epitaxial layer.
3. The method of
and wherein the step of doping the first and second sinker structures also dopes the charge injection sinker structure to one of the first and second conductivity types.
4. The method of
after the removing step, removing portions of the semiconductor layer surrounding the first and second doped selected locations and the intrinsic region;
then depositing an insulator at the locations of the removed portions of the semiconductor layer, and also at the locations of the removed portions of the epitaxial layer.
5. The method of
cladding a surface of each of the sinker structures and charge injection sinker structure with a refractory metal silicide.
6. The method of
cladding a surface of each of the sinker structures and charge injection sinker structure with a refractory metal silicide.
This application claims priority under 35 USC §119(e)(1) of provisional application No. 60/265,464 filed Jan. 31, 2001.
This invention is in the field of integrated circuits, and is more specifically directed to silicon-on-insulator integrated circuits.
In the field of high frequency electronics, for example in radio frequency and microwave applications, transit time devices are well known design elements for switching and attenuating signals.
One class of transit time device are p-i-n diodes, constructed as a p-n diode with a lightly doped or intrinsic (corresponding to the “i”) semiconductor region disposed between the p-type and n-type regions. In a forward biased state, a large number of holes and electrons are created in the intrinsic region enabling current to be conducted from the p-type region to the n-type region. Upon removal of the bias, the charge carriers remain in the intrinsic region for some time prior to recombination, due to the absence of recombination sites in this region. In contrast, conventional p-n diodes rapidly cease conduction in response to the removal of bias, due to the relatively high dopant concentration of the anode and cathode regions.
This behavior of the p-i-n diode is used to advantage in high frequency applications, because the residual charge carriers also remain in the intrinsic region when a high frequency signal is superimposed on a forward bias current. This behavior is reflected in apparent negative resistance for small signal variations, providing a variable resistor having decreasing resistance with increasing bias current.
As evident from the foregoing, and as known in the art, the characteristics of the p-i-n diode depend upon the carrier transit time in the intrinsic region. The term “transit time device” is of course due to this relationship. As known in the art, transit time devices are also quite compatible with conventional manufacturing, at least in the respect that the saturation velocity, upon which transit time depends, is insensitive to doping levels and conductivity type. However, in conventional silicon integrated circuit manufacturing technologies, the performance of transit time devices is limited by the parasitic capacitance of the intrinsic region to substrate. Because these parasitics are nonlinearly dependent on operating frequency and also on device bias, silicon p-i-n diodes in bulk are not particularly useful for high frequency operation.
FIG. 1 illustrates, in cross-section, an example of a conventional p-i-n diode constructed in bulk silicon. In this example, n-type well 4 is formed into substrate 2. At the surface of n-well 4, the p-i-n diode is formed by p+ region 6 that is implanted or otherwise diffused into well 4; p+ contact region 8 (and overlying silicide, if desired) is formed at the surface of p+ region 6. The cathode of the diode has n+ contact region 9, which is also silicide-clad if desired. Silicon dioxide isolation structures 7 isolate contact regions 8, 9 from one another at the surface of the device.
In operation, a forward bias voltage is applied to contact region 8 relative to contact region 9, anode-to-cathode. Because of the large discrepancy in doping concentration between p+ region 6 and n-well 4, a significant space-charge region 4′ is produced in a significant portion of well 4, adjacent to p+ region 6, even in the presence of this forward bias. The size of this region 4′ is effective defined by the width of isolation structure 7 between p+ region 8 and n+ region 9. The depletion of carriers in space-charge region 4′ effectively places this region in a state similar to intrinsic silicon; as such, the device operates as a p-i-n diode. As noted above, p-i-n diodes are useful in high frequency applications, given their negative resistance characteristics.
However, significant parasitic capacitance Cp is present between space-charge region 4′ and substrate 2, as suggested in FIG. 1. In high frequency applications, substantial parasitic capacitance Cp causes signal cross-talk among nearby devices in common substrate 2, as well as energy loss in the signal at high frequencies resulting from the charging and discharging of this capacitance Cp.
Various known approaches to the fabrication of high performance transit time devices have encountered significant limitations. In bulk silicon, a triple-well process may be used to isolate the space-charge region from the substrate, but at significant manufacturing cost. Gallium arsenide p-i-n diodes have excellent performance, but are quite costly to manufacture not only because of material cost, but also because of the limited integration density available in GaAs technology. The p-i-n devices on semi-insulating GaAs substrates are particularly expensive, in no small part due to the necessity of mesa isolation. Silicon-on-sapphire lateral p-i-n diodes are also known in the art, as described in Stabile et al., “Lateral IMPATT diodes”, Elec. Dev. Letters, Vol. 10, No. 6 (IEEE, 1989); this technology is not only costly from a material standpoint, but also involves significantly higher defect densities than bulk silicon. Lateral isolation is also lacking in conventional silicon-on-sapphire technology.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a p-i-n diode transit time device in which parasitic capacitance to substrate is substantially limited.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide such a device in which the transit time may be determined by a non-critical photolithography operation.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide such a device in which a center transit time charge injection terminal may be readily provided.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide such a device that may be fabricated according to conventional silicon manufacturing technology.
Other objects and advantages of the present invention will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art having reference to the following specification together with its drawings.
The present invention may be implemented into an integrated circuit fabricated using silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology. In an epitaxial single-crystal layer overlying a buried oxide layer, p-type and n-type buried layer regions are formed by masked ion implantation on opposite ends of a contiguous portion of the layer. The region of the epitaxial layer disposed between the buried layer regions is at most lightly doped, if not intrinsic silicon. Contacts are made to the buried layer regions, and optionally to a location within the intermediate intrinsic region to provide charge injection. The resulting device, which may be connected to an adjacent active device such as a transistor, provides a p-i-n diode, having minimal parasitic capacitance to substrate.
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional illustration of a conventional p-i-n diode formed in bulk silicon.
FIGS. 2a and 2 b are cross-sectional and plan views of a two-terminal p-i-n diode according to the preferred embodiment of the invention.
FIGS. 3a through 3 c are cross-sectional views illustrating various stages in the manufacture of the p-i-n diode of FIGS. 2a and 2 b according to the preferred embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a three-terminal transit time device according to a second preferred embodiment of the invention.
The present invention will now be described relative to its preferred embodiments. It is contemplated that those skilled in the art having reference to this specification will be readily able to implement the present invention not only in the manner described in this specification by way of example, but also according to various alternative realizations that also benefit from the present invention. It is therefore to be understood that these and other alternative implementations of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention as claimed.
Referring now to FIGS. 2a and 2 b, p-i-n diode 15 according to a first preferred embodiment of the invention will now be described. Diode 15 is formed in a single-crystal silicon layer that is isolated from substrate, or handle wafer, 10, by buried oxide layer 12. For improved device performance, handle wafer 10 is preferably a high resistance semiconductor substrate. In this example, buried oxide layer 12 is contemplated to be on the order of 1.0μ in thickness. It is of course contemplated that the present invention may alternatively be implemented in connection with thinner buried oxide layers, and also in connection with other types of buried insulator technologies, such as silicon-on-glass (SOG), silicon-on-sapphire (SOS), and silicon over other insulating materials. The active elements of diode 15 in this layer include p+ region 18, n+ region 20, and lightly-doped or intrinsic region 22 disposed between regions 18, 22. Deep isolation oxide 26 surrounds p+ region 18, n+ region 22, and intrinsic region 22, as shown both in FIGS. 2a and 2 b.
Electrical contact is made to p+ region 18 and n+ region 20 at the surface of the device, through structures that extend to the surface through shallow isolation oxide 28. P+ sinker structure 30 p overlies p+ region 20, and is typically formed of implanted epitaxial silicon; an additional more heavily doped region (not shown) may be formed at the surface of sinker structure 30 p. Similarly, n+ sinker structure 30 n of implanted epitaxial silicon similarly overlies n+ region 18, and may also include a more heavily-doped region (not shown) at its surface if desired. In this exemplary embodiment, ohmic contact to sinker structures 30 p, 30 n is further improved by refractory metal silicide cladding 31 p, 31 n, respectively. In this manner, anode connection A is made to p+ region 18 via silicide-clad sinker structure 30 p, and cathode connection K is made to n+ region 20 via silicide-clad sinker structure 30 n.
Intrinsic region 22 disposed between p+ region 18 and n+ region 20 provides the appropriate structure for the well-known negative resistance behavior of p-i-n diode 15. In this example, the distance between p+ region 18 and n+ region 20 through intrinsic region 22 defines the transit time of carriers between the anode and cathode of diode 15, and thus defines the electrical behavior of diode 15. Once diode 15 is forward biased so that anode-cathode current is conducted through intrinsic region 22, small signal variations on this bias current will have the desired negative resistance behavior.
According to the preferred embodiments of the invention, however, as exemplified by diode 15 of FIGS. 2a and 2 b, the parasitic capacitance between intrinsic region 22 and substrate 10 is effectively zero. This low capacitance is due to the thick buried oxide 12 disposed between these elements. Given the small feature sizes contemplated for diode 15, it is contemplated that the cross-sectional area of intrinsic region 22 overlying substrate 10 is sufficiently small, relative to the thickness of buried oxide 12, that the parasitic capacitance is effectively insignificant. Accordingly, it is contemplated that diode 15 will be particularly beneficial in high frequency applications, such as microwave and RF circuits, without vulnerability to cross-talk and other noise issues, and without consuming significant energy by charging and discharging the parasitic capacitances. Further performance improvements may be attained by using high resistance material as substrate 10.
According to the preferred embodiments of the invention, and as will now be described relative to FIGS. 3a through 3 c and FIG. 2a, diode 15 may be easily fabricated according to a robust manufacturing process. Indeed, it will become apparent from the following description that the carrier transit time of diode 15, determined primarily by the distance of intrinsic region between the anode and cathode elements, may be defined using a relatively non-critical photolithographic operation. It is further contemplated that many of the process steps involved in constructing diode 15 may be common with those used to form other devices, such as bipolar and metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) transistors, on the same integrated circuit. As such, the present invention provides a p-i-n diode with excellent electrical characteristics that may be fabricated with little if any additional manufacturing cost relative to the other devices in the circuit.
FIG. 3a illustrates p-i-n diode 15 in an early stage of manufacture. Prior to this point in the process, the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) starting material is fabricated in the conventional manner. In this example, high resistivity substrate 10, serving as a handle wafer, has a relatively thick (e.g., on the order of 1μ) buried silicon dioxide layer 12 disposed thereupon. Layer 14 of epitaxial, single-crystal, silicon is then formed over buried oxide 12 in the conventional manner. In this embodiment of the invention, epitaxial layer 14 is a very lightly doped layer, for example having a doping concentration that is not significantly greater than 1.0×1015 cm−3, as a portion of layer 14 will be used as intrinsic region 22 of the eventual p-i-n diode 15. Typically, SOI wafers with epitaxial layer 14 disposed over buried oxide 12 on substrate 10 are manufactured as so-called “starting material”, according to the specifications, including epitaxial layer doping concentration, provided by the purchasing eventual wafer fabrication facility. The initial thickness of epitaxial layer 14 according to this preferred embodiment of the invention is on the order of 1.25μ.
Thermal masking oxide 16 is then formed over the surface of the wafer, consuming a portion of epitaxial silicon layer 14, as shown in FIG. 3a. For example, it is contemplated that masking oxide 16 will reduce the thickness of epitaxial layer 14 to on the order of 0.8μ. By way of photolithographic patterning, opening 17 is formed to expose a selected portion of epitaxial layer 14. Ion implantation of p-type dopant, typically boron, is then performed over the structure; masking oxide 16 of course blocks the implant, and permits the implant to reach epitaxial layer 14 through opening 17. Following an anneal (either performed at this point, or after other implants to be described below), p+ region 18 is formed in epitaxial layer 14 at location 17, and preferably extends through epitaxial layer 14 to buried oxide 12.
According to the preferred embodiment of the invention, second masking layer 19 is then disposed over the surface, for example by way of chemical vapor deposition. This masking layer 19 is then photolithographically patterned, and etched to form opening 21 through both layers 16, 19, exposing another location of epitaxial layer 14 as shown in FIG. 3b. According to this preferred embodiment of the invention, the distance W1 between the edges of openings 17, 21 is a photolithographic dimension upon which the eventual corresponding length of intrinsic region 22 will depend. This distance W1 is much larger than the minimum patterned feature size in the device (as indicated by its relative size to that of openings 17, 21).
Ion implantation of n-type dopant, such as phosphorous or arsenic, is then performed. Masking layers 16, 19 prevent this dopant from reaching epitaxial silicon 14 except at the location of opening 21. An anneal is then performed, either separately from or together with the anneal of boron dopant to form p+ region 18. Following the anneal, n+ region 20 is formed in epitaxial layer 14 at the location of opening 21, extending through epitaxial layer 14 to buried oxide 12, as shown in FIG. 3b.
Intrinsic region 22 is defined as the portion of epitaxial layer 14 between p+ region 18 and n+ region 20. In this embodiment of the invention, the doping concentration and distribution in intrinsic region 22 simply corresponds to those parameters of epitaxial layer 14 as it was formed. Alternatively, an additional doping step (which may or may not be masked) may be applied to the structure to set or compensate this doping concentration and distribution. In either case, intrinsic region 22 is quite lightly-doped, at most, relative to p+ region 18 and n+ region 20.
The length of the path through intrinsic region 22 from anode (p+ region 18) to cathode (n+ region 20) in p-i-n diode 15 has a length WL as shown in FIG. 3b. This length WL is defined by the photolithographic length W1 between windows 17, 21, less the extent of lateral diffusion of p+ region 18 and n+ region 20 into intrinsic region 22. This path length is therefore substantially defined by photolithography of these openings 17, 21. However, the distance W1 need not be set with a high degree of precision, and is therefore robust from a process control standpoint.
Following the formation of p+ region 18, n+ region 20, and the intervening intrinsic region 22 (separately doped, if desired), masking oxide layers 16, 19 are removed from the surface of epitaxial layer 14. A pre-epitaxial cleanup is then applied to the surface of epitaxial layer 14, followed by the epitaxial growth of single-crystal silicon layer 24 from layer 14, resulting in the structure shown in FIG. 3c. Epitaxial layer 24 in diode 15 is preferably the same layer as a collector layer in bipolar or heterojunction bipolar transistors elsewhere in the integrated circuit, for manufacturing efficiency. Preferably, epitaxial layer 24 is not doped in situ during its formation, to avoid subsequent counterdoping.
Epitaxial layer 24 is used to form surface anode A and cathode K contacts of p-i-n diode 15, according to this embodiment of the invention. Specifically, referring back to FIG. 2a, anode sinker structure 30 p and cathode sinker structure 30 n are formed from epitaxial layer 24. In this embodiment of the invention, photolithographic patterning exposes those portions of epitaxial layer 24 to be removed by a wet or plasma silicon etch. These removed locations define the locations of shallow trench isolation structures 28. A second patterning and etch step through epitaxial layer 14 is then performed at this time to form the locations of deep trench isolation structures 26, as shown in FIG. 2a. Both the deep and shallow isolation structures are preferably formed by depositing silicon oxide into the openings, and then planarizing the structure, producing shallow trench isolation structures 26, 28.
The remaining portions of epitaxial layer 24 are then doped by way of masked ion implantation, to increase the conductivity of these sinker structures. Such masked ion implantation exposes sinker structure 30 p to p-type (e.g., boron) dopant, and sinker structure 30 n to n-type (e.g., phosphorous or arsenic) dopant, with each structure 30 being masked from the opposite implant. Following the sinker implant, additional masked implants of n-type and p-type dopant may be applied to the surface of sinker structures 30 n, 30 p, respectively, to more heavily dope the surface of these structures and further reduce the resistivity of the anode and cathode contacts. This additional implant may correspond to the source/drain implants for MOS transistors formed elsewhere in the integrated circuit. Silicide cladding 31 p, 31 n, may then be formed at the surface of sinker structures 30 p, 30 n, for example by the well-known process self-aligned direct reaction of the silicon of sinker structures 30 with a refractory metal. Shallow trench isolation structures 28 may be formed either prior to or after the doping of sinker structures 30, as desired. The resulting structure is illustrated in FIG. 2a, described above.
Alternatively, contacts may be made to p+ region 18 and n+ region 20 by way of a silicon etch of sinker structures 30 p, 30 n. This etch may partially extend into sinker structures 30 p, 30 n, or alternatively may completely etch through sinker structures 30 p, 30 n to provide a direct contact to p+ region 18 and n+ region 20. Metal, silicide, or other conductive material may then be formed into this etched contact, to make electrical contact to p+ region 18 and n+ region 20.
In the two-terminal device of p-i-n diode 15, the electrical characteristics are determined by the doping concentration of intrinsic region 22, as well as the path length WL between p+ region 18 and n+ region 20. The conduction mechanism of p-i-n diode 15 is initiated by avalanche breakdown from p+ region 18 and n+ region 20. Once conduction is initiated, the small-signal behavior of p-i-n diode 15, including its negative resistance behavior, is determined by the path length WL, and also by the doping concentration of intrinsic region 22, which defines the voltage-dependent size of the space-charge region in diode 15. These parameters of length WL and doping concentration may, of course, be adjusted during the manufacture of diode 15 as desired. This two-terminal p-i-n diode 15 is contemplated to be particularly useful in microwave circuits.
According to a second preferred embodiment of the invention, a three-terminal transit time device 15′ may readily be constructed, with minor modifications to the process described above relative to diode 15. FIG. 4 illustrates transit time device 15′ in cross-section, with corresponding elements of transit time device 15′ referred to with the same reference numerals as those of p-i-n diode 15. As shown in FIG. 4, transit time device 15′ also includes charge injection terminal T, which makes contact to a selected location of intrinsic region 22. In this example, n-doped sinker structure 32 n is formed in similar manner as n-doped sinker structure 30 n, in the photolithographic patterning and etching of epitaxial layer 24, described above. This patterning and etching forms sinker structure 32 n by leaving a corresponding pillar remaining in layer 24; structure 32 n is then implanted with n-type dopant by the same masked implant as used to dope sinker structure 30 n. Source/drain n+ doping may be applied to the surface of structure 32 n, if so performed for sinker structure 30 n. In this embodiment of the invention, silicide cladding 33 n is formed at the surface of sinker structure 32 n, preferably in the same direct react silicidation process as used to form cladding 31 p, 31 n. Silicide 33 n provides a high conductivity contact for charge injection terminal T.
In operation, three-terminal transit time device 15′ has its conduction initiated by the applying of a bias voltage and current to charge injection terminal T. This current forces carriers into intrinsic region 22 (at a location selected according to the desired turn-on characteristic), initiating conduction of the device. Once conduction has been initiated from anode A to cathode K through intrinsic region 22, the amount of charge injected at terminal T may be reduced (to a holding level) or eliminated, as appropriate for the particular device. Three-terminal transit time device 15′ then operates in the conventional manner for these devices.
In each of the preferred embodiments of the invention, a transit time device is constructed using compatible processes with other devices, such as bipolar transistors, heterojunction bipolar transistors, MOS transistors, and the like. The transit time device, either of the two-terminal or the three-terminal type, exhibits very little parasitic capacitance, considering that intrinsic region 22 is deployed in epitaxial silicon 14 over thick buried oxide layer 12. Additionally, the important performance characteristics of the device may be established and adjusted by way of a substantially non-critical masking distance W1 that defines the separation of the anode and cathode regions 18, 20, respectively, in the same epitaxial layer 14 as intrinsic region 22. It is therefore contemplated that important performance benefits are made readily available by the present invention, at minimal added manufacturing cost.
While the present invention has been described according to its preferred embodiments, it is of course contemplated that modifications of, and alternatives to, these embodiments, such modifications and alternatives obtaining the advantages and benefits of this invention, will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art having reference to this specification and its drawings. It is contemplated that such modifications and alternatives are within the scope of this invention as subsequently claimed herein.
|
0.9767
|
FineWeb
|
["Transit Time Devices", "Silicon-on-Insulator Technology", "P-i-n Diodes"]
|
Vertebrate pest management is one of the greatest environmental and animal welfare issues in Australia today. Millions of exotic vertebrate pests are killed annually in an effort to protect threatened native species, agricultural resources and entire ecosystems. Populations of some major pests, such as European rabbits and red foxes, are now considered to constitute a “threatening process” for native species under various state and federal legislation. Few other areas of land management can lay claim to such a complex web of technical, social, ethical and biological issues. Equally, there are few areas of applied research where the need for innovation is more evident.
|Author||Department of Primary Industries, VIC|
|
0.8874
|
FineWeb
|
["Vertebrate Pest Management", "Environmental Issues", "Animal Welfare"]
|
Cartagena Taxi Fares
Cartagena Taxi Fares are a mystery for many as the taxis do not have taxi meters. The fares are set every year by the city – ”Alcadia” and are established by zones. For example if you are going from Manga to El Centro the fare is 5.000 COP. If you want to go to El Cabrero, just on the other side of the old city – probably 5.600 COP and to Crespo 6.500 COP. It is worthwhile to have a reasonable idea of what you will have to pay or it is easy to become ”Papaya” – or in other words, have a driver take advantage of you. The drivers should have a rate card in the vehicle but many don’t. Generally the rates for short distances are non negotiable but for longer distances you might be able to lower the price.
If you arrive at the airport there is a taxi stand and when you tell them where you are going they will generate a ”statement” which will tell you how much you have to pay. This will be slightly more than you would pay on the street but well worth it. For example, the fare from the airport to Bocagrande is 16.000 COP. In 2004, before the taxi stand existed, I was charged 20.000 COP to go to Bocagrande.
2013 Rates from the airport to :
- El Centro – 8.500
- Santa Clara Hotel – 10.500
- Charleston Hotel – 10.500
- Las Americas – 10.500
- Manga – 12.000
- Bocagrande/Castillogrande/El Laguito – 16.000
The 2013 rates from the ” Muelle Touristica” – or the Cruise Ship Terminal are:
- El Centro – 12.000 COP
- El Castillo de San Felipe – 12.000 COP
- Bocagrande – 16.000 COP
The hourly rate is 22.000 COP
|
0.5198
|
FineWeb
|
```json
[
"Cartagena Taxi Fares",
"Taxi Rates by Zone",
"Airport Taxi Fares"
]
```
|
“Those young people just don’t understand what we fought to achieve.”
“Those experienced teachers just want to talk about ‘the good old days.”
That’s the sound of generations colliding.
Some researchers believe that people are defined as much by their times as by their parents or upbringing – perhaps more so. Regardless of differences in backgrounds members of the same age group share a common social environment that helps shape who they are and how they relate to their work, their colleagues, their families and their friends. Members of a generation experience the same historical events, technological advances and economic shifts. They worship the same heroes, listen to their own music and create their unique fashions.
Researchers have classified the four generations populating our workplaces and our unions according to the time period in which they were born: Traditionalists –1920 to 1943; Baby Boomers –1943 to 1960; Gen Xers –1960 to 1980; and Echo Boomers (Nexters, Millennials, Gen Y) –1980 to 2000.1 Social scientists are scrambling to understand the impact of these generational divisions on our lives.
One thing is certain: generational differences can lead to conflict. Understanding the differences can lessen that conflict.
Forged by two world wars, the Depression of the 1930s, and the Korean War in the early 1950s, Traditionalists were raised in long-established family struc- tures: male breadwinner, mother at home. In their era, advanced technology meant rotary dial phones, radios, phonographs and movies with sound.
Traditionalists are hardworking and loyal – to their country, faith, institu- tions, employer and family. For them rules and duty come before pleasure. Respecting authority, they accept a hierarchical chain-of-command leadership style. They believe in “saving for a rainy day” – forgoing today’s pleasures for tomorrow’s security. They are the last generation to embrace this ethic.
When traditionalists became teachers, one-room schools dotted the province. Hired on individual contracts, they had little say about their wages or working conditions. Once married, women were forced to resign; if allowed to stay, they worked on temporary annual contracts. Rural teachers were expected to clean and maintain their classrooms. It was only during wartime, with men off fighting, that married women were allowed to work outside the home; in fact, they were encouraged to do so, to make up for the labour shortage.
|
0.8619
|
FineWeb
|
```
{
"topics": [
"Generational Differences",
"Traditionalists",
"Workplace Dynamics"
]
}
```
|
Margin of Safety (MOS)
In break-even analysis, margin of safety is the extent by which actual or projected sales exceed the break-even sales. It may be calculated simply as the difference between actual or projected sales and the break-even sales. However, it is best to calculate margin of safety in the form of a ratio. Thus we have the following two formulas to calculate margin of safety:
|MOS = Budgeted Sales − Break-even Sales|
|MOS =||Budgeted Sales − Break-even Sales|
Margin of Safety can be expressed both in terms of sales units and currency units.
The margin of safety is a measure of risk. It represents the amount of drop in sales which a company can tolerate. Higher the margin of safety, the more the company can withstand fluctuations in sales. A drop in sales greater than margin of safety will cause net loss for the period.
Use the following information to calculate margin of safety:
|Sales Price per Unit||$40|
|Variable Cost per Unit||$32|
|Total Fixed Cost||$7,000|
|Breakeven Sales Units||= $7,000 ÷ ($40 - $32)||= 875|
|Budgeted Sales Units||= $40,000 ÷ $40||= 1,000|
|Margin of Safety||= (1000 − 875) ÷ 1,000||= 12.5%|
Written by Irfanullah Jan and last revised on
|
0.6998
|
FineWeb
|
["Break-even Analysis", "Margin of Safety", "Risk Measurement"]
|
Symptoms of Erbs Palsy
Erbs palsy results from injury to nerve roots and affects muscles of the arm and shoulder. The symptoms of Erbs palsy can be seen immediately or very soon after birth.
The common symptoms include:
Infant is unable to move the upper or lower arm and/or hand from the shoulder
Arm is limp, bent at elbow and held against the body
Decreased grip due to weaker arm is noticed on the affected side
Infant is unable to rotate the arm externally from the shoulder
Partial or complete arm paralysis
Loss of motor and/or sensory function over lateral proximal upper arm
Paralysis of hemidiaphragm (phrenic nerve dysfunction caused by the third and fourth cranial nerve damage)
Arm numbness due to brachial plexus nerve damage
Atrophy of muscles in the arm
Impaired muscular, nervous, and circulatory development
Inability for temperature regulation due to poor circulatory system
The classical sign of Erb's palsy is called the waiters tip posture causing the arm to hang limply from the shoulder. This sign is the result of damage to the biceps muscle causing loss of power of flexion in the elbow.
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0.7856
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FineWeb
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```json
[
"Symptoms of Erbs Palsy",
"Causes and Effects of Erbs Palsy",
"Characteristics of Erbs Palsy"
]
```
|
Pragmatism and Modern Architecture
About the Book
Architecture is not origami. A drawing cannot be folded in a clever way to make a real building. A picture of a building is no more architecture than a drawing of a sculpture is the sculpture. To exist, the building must be built. A building is the outcome of an idea.
Pragmatism is the philosophy that connects an idea with its result. It measures the success of the idea by its its function, its appearance and its contribution to the environment in which it exists.
This work examines the relationship between the methods of modern architecture and the philosophy of pragmatism. It discusses how modern architecture and pragmatism developed during the nineteenth century and offers examples of pragmatism within the work and writings of predominant practitioners and theorists of modern architecture.
About the Author(s)
William G. Ramroth, Jr.
Format: softcover (7 x 10)
Bibliographic Info: 43 photos, notes, bibliography, index
Copyright Date: 2006
Table of Contents
1. A Clean Slate 7
2. A Whirlwind Tour of Traditional Architecture 14
3. A Brief History of Common Sense 37
4. Pragmatism in a Nutshell 52
5. Pragmatism and the Design Process 66
6. Early Theorists of Modern Architecture 83
7. The Pragmatism of the Chicago School 98
8. The Columbian Exhibition of 1893 116
9. Pragmatism and Building Codes 129
10. Frank Lloyd Wright and Le Corbusier 142
11. The Bauhaus School and the International Style 156
12. Postmodernism and the Art of Remaking 167
Chapter Notes 189
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0.6536
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FineWeb
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["Pragmatism and Architecture", "Modern Architecture History", "Philosophy of Pragmatism"]
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Identifying New Paradigms in Crystal Engineering for Energy and Biomedical Applications
Crystal engineering is a broad area of research that focuses on methods of designing and/or optimizing materials for diverse applications in fields spanning from energy to medicine. The ability to selectively control crystallization to achieve desired material properties requires detailed understandings of the thermodynamic and kinetic factors regulating crystal nucleation and growth. Combining this fundamental knowledge with innovative approaches to tailor crystal size, structure, and morphology can lead to the production of materials with superior properties beyond what is achievable by conventional routes. In this talk I will discuss two general mechanisms of crystal growth: (1) classical pathways involving 2-dimensional layer nucleation and advancement on crystal surfaces through monomer addition; and (2) nonclassical pathways, termed crystallization by particle attachment (CPA), involving the formation of metastable precursors that play a direct role in crystal nucleation and growth. Our group uses techniques such as atomic force microscopy (AFM) to investigate crystallization in situ under solvothermal conditions. We have developed a unique AFM system capable of capturing time-resolved dynamics of surface growth, thus opening new routes to probe complex pathways of crystallization. We also design “modifiers” to control crystal properties such as size and morphology. Modifiers are molecules or macromolecules that interact with specific surfaces of crystals and regulate anisotropic growth rates. In this talk, I will show how we use growth modifiers to control crystallization in two distinctly different, yet fundamentally similar, applications. In the first part of my talk I will discuss our work on the development of therapeutic drugs for crystals implicated in two pathological diseases: kidney stones (calcium oxalate monohydrate) and malaria (hematin). In the second part of my talk, I will discuss how we are using modifiers as a bio-inspired approach to tailor the properties of zeolites, which are microporous aluminosilicates commercially used in catalysis, adsorption, and ion-exchange processes. Topics that will be addressed include the broader challenges of synthesizing zeolites, progress towards elucidating their complex mechanism(s) of growth, and extensive effort to develop commercially-viable approaches to tailor their physicochemical properties.
Jeffrey Rimer is the Ernest J. and Barbara M. Henley Associate Professor of Chemical Engineering at the University of Houston. Jeff received B.S. degrees in Chemical Engineering and Chemistry from Washington University in St. Louis and Allegheny College, respectively. In 2006, he received his Ph.D. in Chemical Engineering from the University of Delaware. Prior to joining the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering at Houston in 2009, he spent two years as a postdoctoral fellow at New York University’s Molecular Design Institute within the Department of Chemistry. Jeff’s research in the area of crystal engineering focuses on the rational design of materials with specific applications in the synthesis of microporous catalysts and adsorbents, and the development of therapeutics to inhibit crystal formation in pathological diseases. His work has been featured in high impact journals such as Science and Nature, among others. Jeff has also received numerous awards, including a Welch Foundation fellowship, the ACS Doctoral New Investigator Award, and the NSF CAREER Award. Recently, he was selected for the 2016 Owens Corning Early Career Award by AIChE. He has also been the recipient of several research and teaching awards, including the Junior Faculty Research Excellence Award from the Cullen College of Engineering, the Excellence in Research and Scholarship and the Early Faculty Award for Mentoring Undergraduate Research from the University of Houston, and Teaching Excellence Awards at both the University and College level. Jeff serves as chair of the Southwest Catalysis Society, vice chair of the International Zeolite Association Synthesis Commission, chair elect for the Gordon Research Conference on Crystal Growth and Assembly, and he is an advisory board member for the journal Reaction Chemistry & Engineering.
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0.6881
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FineWeb
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["Crystal Engineering", "Energy Applications", "Biomedical Applications"]
|
Adding herbs and spices to your food introduces color, flavor, and antioxidants into your diet. This article discusses the health and medicinal benefits of:
- Lemon grass
- Bay leaves
- Mustard seed
- Black pepper
There’s a detailed discussion of:
Very interesting and helpful information about anti-aging herbs and spices. Click on the 20 Anti-Aging Herbs and Spices to Add to Your Diet link below to read the complete article.
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0.9971
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FineWeb
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["Herbs and Spices", "Anti-Aging Benefits", "Medicinal Properties"]
|
Exercise is perhaps the most prescribed method for managing and improving physical and mental health. Achieving the benefits of exercise1 happens when specific changes occur in the neuromusculoskeletal continuum2. If the type or amount of the chosen exercise3does not stimulate the adaptations needed to achieve the goal, exercise can be a frustrating, futile endeavor4.
Force and the Nervous System (FNS) is a series of educational platforms5that help exercise professionals learn to confidently design exercises that stimulate specific changes in the neuromusculoskeletal continuum. FNS explores the processes that lead to the structural adaptations in muscle, connective tissues, vascular tissues, and the nervous system (including the brain) that we recognize as the fruition of exercise. This series empowers the professional with a better understanding of how to work with their tools, yielding better results through science.
If you want more articles and digital material about neuroscience and exercise, including updates about live and online workshops, join our tribe of modern logical empiricists!
Less pain and body fat; lower cholesterol, blood glucose, and blood pressure; increased strength, performance, learning, and mental clarity; more control, flexibility, and stress relief↩
Neuromusculoskeletal continuum: nervous, muscular, skeletal as well as cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and immune systems↩
Weight training, manual resistance, resistance bands, bodyweight training, yoga, Pilates, cardio, etc.↩
Examples; despite great effort, weight loss and/or improvements in cholesterol, blood glucose, etc. are elusive; even with proper form, performance does not improve, and/or nagging issues/discomfort linger; despite a disciplined stretching routine, stiffness and limited motion persist↩
FNS1:Principles of Human Motion, FNS2:Mindful Motion, FNS:Pilates, FNS:Yoga, FNS:Exercise Design Lab, articles, social media posts↩
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0.6225
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FineWeb
|
```json
[
"Exercise and Physical Health",
"Neuromusculoskeletal Continuum",
"Force and the Nervous System"
]
```
|
7 Steps to Obtaining Medical School Letters of Recommendation
To create a successful medical school application, you must obtain the required letters of recommendation from your professors and others. But what is the best way to approach an evaluator and request a much needed letter of recommendation?
As you’ll soon learn, how you ask for a letter of recommendation is important; by approaching a letter writer in a professional manner and providing her with the information she needs to write a great letter, you give yourself the best chance of having a strong letter submitted correctly and on time. To obtain your letters, take the following steps.
Arrange to meet in person with the individual from whom you’re requesting a letter
If you’ve already graduated and no longer live near your alma mater or for some other reason are located at a distance from your letter writer, contact the person to set up a time to speak with her by phone.
Bring to the meeting a copy of your resume or cv and your personal statement as well as information about when and where to submit the letter.
If you don’t have at least a good draft of your personal statement at the time you ask for the letter, offer to send it later.
During the meeting, explain that you’re applying to medical school and want to know whether the person can write you a strong letter of recommendation.
The key word here is strong. Don’t simply say Would you be willing to write me a letter of recommendation? By specifying that you’re looking for a strong letter, you provide an easy opening for the evaluator to decline if she doesn’t feel she can write an effective letter for you.
When you meet with your evaluator, explain to her why you decided to ask her for a letter of recommendation.
For example, if you had interesting and enjoyable discussions with a professor about a certain topic or did a project or paper that you found particularly meaningful (and for which you received a high grade), mention these reasons to provide a context for your request for a letter and jog her memory about possible topics for discussion.
If the writer agrees to write you a strong letter, give her the items in Step 2 and ask whether she also wants you to e-mail her the information.
Give the writer a specific date by which you want the letter to be submitted.
The date should be between four and six weeks from when you ask for the letter. Given too little time, a busy professor or physician may not have an opportunity to write an optimal letter; with too much time, she may put off the task until she forgets about it.
Before concluding the meeting, offer to provide any additional information that the evaluator wants and to meet with her again to discuss your candidacy for medical school.
For example, an evaluator who is outside of academia, such as a community physician you’ve shadowed, may need guidelines about what medical schools are looking for in a letter and perhaps an outline of topics to cover.
After the meeting, follow up with an e-mail thanking the writer for agreeing to write you a letter and providing her with any additional materials she may need to submit your letter.
Specific materials vary depending on the submission method you use; they may include matching forms, links to instructions for uploading or mailing letters, or ID numbers.
In addition, make sure you advise your recommender that the letter must be written on official letterhead and signed, as required by many medical schools.
The details of these steps vary depending on how well you know the letter writer and the direction the conversation takes, but by following this overall framework, you have a strategy to work from and adapt as needed.
Send your evaluator a thank-you note after she’s submitted your letter. Professors, physicians, and other evaluators are taking time out of their schedules to write a letter on your behalf, so acknowledging their efforts is important.
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0.7549
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FineWeb
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["Requesting Medical School Letters of Recommendation", "Preparing for the Request Meeting", "Following Up After the Meeting"]
|
Restrict your Specific Purpose to one idea only. In conclusion, diabetes is a disease that affects over 7. Yes "Managing Stress" is a definitely a type of informative speech.
An informal speech is when your making a speech to someone you know well such as your friend What is a good topic for an informative speech? This is how read my speech aloud: Without this statement, your audience will have no clue what topic you are referencing throughout your speech.
You should have no preference in your topic, instead giving only the facts. For an informative speech you will want to start your specific purpose statement with "I will inform my audience about Add brief characterization of the problem and your brief recommendation of solution.
Bryan wanted more money in circulation and so proposed the coining of silver as well. You should aim your informative speech to the type of audience that you will be presenting it to.
Tonight we have examined the two most common forms of diabetes, Type I and Type II, and we have examined the specific actions diabetics employ to insure good health.
The End What is an informative speech? Regardless of the topic, incorporate a specific purpose statement in your informative speech. Warnings Always include a specific purpose statement. How many of you are uncomfortable with this needle?
Through my nursing classes and clinical experience I have cared for and helped many diabetic patients. Consider the main purpose a thesis statement that serves as the backbone of your informative speech. The specific purpose statement should state the main topic of your speech.
Fill in the Details Include the topic and parts at the end of your specific purpose statement.The general purpose statement is the goal the speaker wishes to accomplish with his speech.
The most common general purposes are to inform, to persuade, to entertain or to pay tribute. In an informative speech, the speaker wants his audience to learn and retain new information.
If his purpose is to. A Specific Purpose Statement for an informative speech will be phrased much like the following statements. Click here for more examples of Specific Purposes, Central Ideas, and Main Points. Informative speech specific purpose statements: I will inform my audience about the two major forms of hula.
An informative speech is a fun way to teach your audience about something new and useful. Think of it as a way to clearly deliver information, or a specific message, to the audience. The message the speaker is trying to convey must be clearly stated. Regardless of the topic, incorporate a specific.
The purpose of the informative speech is to provide interesting, useful, and unique information to your audience.
By dedicating yourself to the goals of providing information and appealing to your audience, you can take a positive step toward succeeding in your efforts as an informative speaker. Video: Informative Speaking: Purpose and Types Informative speeches are written to inform your audience about a topic.
There are several classifications that can be used depending on the purpose. Video: General Purpose vs. Specific Purpose of a Speech. Mathew thought his speech was informative, especially with his background in graduate school, and thinks their professor wants the.Download
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0.7548
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FineWeb
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```json
[
"Informative Speech",
"Public Speaking",
"Speech Topics"
]
```
|
This behemoth of a tanager is fairly common and widespread in the upper subtropical and temperate zones of the Andes. Its large size and loud wing beats might recall a jay, but Hooded Mountain-Tanager is bright lemon-yellow below with a blue back and mostly black head. Also note red eyes, which help distinguish it from other mountain-tanagers. Sexes alike. Typically seen in small groups, often following a mixed-species flock. Normally in the middle to upper levels of forest and edge.
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0.82
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FineWeb
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["Hooded Mountain-Tanager Description", "Habitat and Distribution", "Identification and Behavior"]
|
Countless people are utterly terrified by them. They exist in every tradition, having come down from oral to written folklore and mythology. They are a major part of various cultures and religions around the globe from the infancy of human civilization. Demons, and other scary creatures, are as ancient as humans (according to numerous skeptics, humans invented them just as they invented God), and they have always been synonymous with evil, death, divine punishment, terror, and the supernatural, which is why people are so afraid of them. But why are demons so terrifying and scary for so many people? Where do they come from? And most importantly—what are their intentions and why do they exist? Put another way, what is the purpose behind their existence?
The word demon derives from the ancient Greek daimon (a spirit or divine power), and does not carry the negative connotation the modern word has given the term in its appropriation of it. With the passage of time, demons gradually became seen as evil spirits, fallen angels, or spirits of unknown type that can possess a human soul. The list of the 25 Scariest Creatures in Myth and Religion that follows will help you understand why so many people fear these demonic beings.
Last Updated on
Xing Tian is a god with bad intentions in Chinese mythology who fights the Supreme Divinity, not giving up even after losing his head. Losing the fight for supremacy, he was beheaded and his head buried in Changyang Mountain. Nevertheless, headless, with a shield in one hand and an ax in the other, he continues the fight, using his nipples for eyes and his belly button for a mouth. He may not be outright scary, but Xing Tian is definitely a weird creature.
A vetala is a ghostlike being in Hindu myth. They are defined as spirits that inhabit cadavers and charnel grounds. These corpses may be used as vehicles for movement as they no longer decay while inhabited. However, a vetala can also leave the body at will.
In demonology, Ronove is a marquis and great earl of hell that commands twenty legions of demons. He is a vaguely depicted monster holding a staff. He is also described as a taker of old souls, often coming to Earth to harvest souls of decrepit humans and animals near death.
These demonic spirits come from Hindu myth, but we also find them in other religions such as Buddhism. They are known as man-eaters because it is believed that they eat their victims alive. According to Hindu tradition, they were so filled with blood lust when they were created that they ate Brahma, the creator god, alive.
Also known as the “hungry ghost,” a preta is a spirit found in some Indian religions that wanders around suffering from extreme hunger and thirst that can’t be satisfied. According to these religions, people who used to be corrupt, jealous, and greedy in a previous life return as a preta in this lifetime.
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0.936
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FineWeb
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```
{
"topics": [
"Demons in Folklore and Mythology",
"Types of Demonic Creatures",
"Origins and Characteristics of Demons"
]
}
```
|
The United States is homeland for millions of immigrants who risk their lives for a better existence. In Jefferson’s words, it is a nation in which “All men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain inalienable rights that among them are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of happiness.” Our nation is a country in which equal opportunity if provided for those in search of a better life and our law is meant to apply evenly to citizens and non-citizens alike. However, throughout history and even in our present day, Congress has undermined this utopian goal by passing laws which some may consider unjust. Firstly, one must define what an unjust law is. According to Martin Luther King, an unjust law is “any law that degrades human personality” (King 179). In other words, it is a law that is directed against a certain group of people or is inflicted on a minority. He continues on by stating that “an unjust law is a code that a numerical or power majority group compels a minority group to obey but does not make binding on itself” (King 179), meaning that any law that causes a person to suffer simply because they do not agree with this majority is an incorrect and unjust law. An example of an unjust law passed by Congress is the law, in 1993, which banned known homosexuals from the military, due to being convinced that their presence could undermine morale and discipline. This fits the definition of an “unjust law” due to it being directed against specific groups, which, in this case, are homosexuals. It is absolutely unfair to discriminate against them. Just because they are gay does not make them any less worthy or capable of fighting or defending their country. The law was proven to be unjust because it was later changed to the policy of Don't ask, don't tell (DADT), which regarded gays and lesbians serving openly in the U.S. military, mandated by federal law. The policy prohibits anyone who "demonstrates a propensity or...
Please join StudyMode to read the full document
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0.7007
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FineWeb
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["Unjust Laws", "Equality and Opportunity", "Discrimination in the US"]
|
A printed circuit board (PCB) is a standard element in a lot of unique digital gizmos, these kinds of as personal computers, radars, beepers, etcetera. They are manufactured from a range of resources with laminate, composite and fiberglass the most prevalent. Also, the kind of circuit board can range with the meant use. Let us get a seem at 5 of the unique forms:
Single sided – this is the most common circuit board and is developed with a solitary layer or base material. The solitary layer is coated with a conductive material like copper. They might also have a silk display coat or a protective solder mask on top of the copper layer. A good edge of this kind of PCB is the reduced generation cost and they are normally applied in mass-manufactured items.
Double sided – this is significantly like the solitary sided, but has the conductive material on the two sides. There are a lot of holes in the board to make it easy to connect metallic areas from the top to bottom aspect. This kind of circuit board improves operational overall flexibility and is a functional alternative to make the extra dense circuit designs. This board is also somewhat reduced-cost. However, it even now is just not a functional alternative for the most advanced circuits and is unable to work with technological know-how that reduces electromagnetic interference. They are usually applied in amplifiers, electric power monitoring systems, and testing gear.
Multi-layer – the multi-layer circuit board is developed with excess layers of conductive resources. The large variety of layers which can attain 30 or extra signifies it is doable to generate a circuit style with quite large overall flexibility. The unique layers are divided by distinctive insulating resources and substrate board. A good benefit of this kind of board is the compact dimension, which allows to help you save house and body weight in a somewhat compact product. Also, they are mostly applied when it is needed to use a large-pace circuit.
Flexible – this is a quite flexible circuit board. It is not only made with a versatile layer, but also readily available in the solitary, double, or multi-layer boards. They are a good alternative when it is needed to help you save house and body weight when constructing a particular machine. Also, they are appreciated for large ductility and reduced mass. However, the versatile nature of the board can make them extra difficult to use.
Rigid – the rigid circuit board is developed with a stable, non-versatile material for its layers. They are usually compact in dimension and able to tackle the advanced circuit designs. Plus, the signal paths are easy to organize and the potential to maintain and maintenance is quite uncomplicated.
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0.7413
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FineWeb
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```
{
"topics": [
"Types of Circuit Boards",
"Materials and Manufacturing",
"Applications and Design Considerations"
]
}
```
|
Jetco on-site coordinates your multi-load projects.
For multi-load projects, Jetco can provide on-site personnel at the shipping or delivery points for your convenience and peace of mind. Working from your location, our trained professionals begin by conducting start-up meetings with everyone involved to make sure the delivery process goes efficiently and seamlessly.
With our expertise, rely on Jetco to:
- Ensure trucks are loaded and unloaded in a timely manner. By doing so, we can minimize potential problems, ensure the safest method for transportation and protect you from unnecessary and unpredictable charges.
- Verify piece counts.
- Inspect for visible damage prior to cargo loading.
- Communicate frequently as the project unfolds.
- Provide comprehensive project management.
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0.675
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FineWeb
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["Project Coordination", "Logistics Management", "On-site Services"]
|
What is the Plural of RBI?
Scotch Sporting published on
The gang stumbles upon a philosophical thought for the ages; What Is the Plural of RBI? Is it RsBI? RBIs? Is it just Deer? While becoming one with the land in order to solve this, they also dive deep into Johnny Mazniel's debut. discussing his mind blowing(ly bad) stat line, how he'll fare in game two and why his disastrous start might have just been destiny They also talk Our Lord and Saviour Vlad Jr, Gibbons imminent canning and add a new Jersey Rule to the archives!
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0.6278
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FineWeb
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["Baseball Statistics", "Player Performance", "Team Management"]
|
The Book: The Dingo Debate
Edited by: Bradley Smith
There are very few animals in the world, let alone Australia, which are as divisive as the dingo. The fact that a book describing the native carnivore’s biology and ecology refers to the ‘debate’ is evidence of as much. However, despite its title, editor Dr Bradley Smith has clearly attempted to, as much as possible, settle some of the debate around dingoes (ranging from its taxonomic description to its role in the Australian environment) and ultimately contend that the dingo is worthy of increased conservation effort.
The theme of ‘interactions’ is predominant throughout the text, be it the troubled relationships between dingoes, humans and livestock, or the potential ecosystem-scale effects of the canid’s presence in the landscape. This is, of course, the hotly contested ability of the dingo to suppress feral predators, thus reducing predation pressure on small prey species. However, despite the complexity of the various relationships, Smith and his co-authors distill the concepts in a thorough and engaging way. For example, Chris Johnson’s description of the controversies surrounding the ecological role of dingoes is perhaps the clearest and most rational account of the debate available.
However, perhaps the most striking and informative chapters are those written by Smith himself. The dingo is often demonized in Australia as a cold-blooded killer, but Smith instead describes a species that has incredible intelligence and cunning. Complete with images, Smith details some of his groundbreaking work, demonstrating how dingoes exhibit grief at the death of a sibling, as well as their superior problem-solving ability. These experiments provide a compelling argument as to why dingoes were able to take advantage of the Australian environment and establish themselves as apex predators.
For the lay-person, The Dingo Debate also offers a fantastic insight into the intricacies of studying the animal. Damian Morrant provides an intriguing and entertaining history of dingo research, weaving in some of his own experiences and insights. All manner of methods for measuring dingo behavior and activity are discussed, from camera traps and scats to hair traps and GPS tracking, providing a great look at the considerable amount of work that goes into collecting useful data on dingoes.
Given the tensions around the conservation and management of dingoes in Australia, it’s often hard to find a balanced discussion on the carnivore. Nevertheless, that’s exactly what’s on offer here. The Dingo Debate is a fantastic summary of all the available science on dingoes, spanning evolutionary biology through to ecology. As the reader moves through the text, Smith slowly builds up the evidence for his overarching contention: that the dingo is deserving of continental scale conservation, such is its evolutionary uniqueness and ecological importance. Significantly, it is so well written that non-academics are sure to gain plenty from reading.
This book belongs on your bookshelf if…. you’re interested in the evolutionary origins of Australia’s native canid, their importance to some ecosystems, and the opportunities to conserve and coexist with them.
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0.9568
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FineWeb
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```
{
"topics": [
"Dingo Biology and Ecology",
"Conservation and Management",
"Evolutionary Origins and Importance"
]
}
```
|
A shelter can protect you from the sun, insects, wind, rain, snow, hot or cold temperatures and enemy observation. It can give you a feeling of well-being. It can help you maintain your will to survive.
In some areas, your need for shelter may take precedence over your need for food and possibly even your need for water. For example, prolonged exposure to cold can cause excessive fatigue and weakness (exhaustion). An exhausted person may develop a "passive" outlook, thereby losing the will to survive.
The most common error in making a shelter is to make it too large. A shelter must be large enough to protect you. It must also be small enough to contain your body heat, especially in cold climates.
Information courtesy of the U.S. Army Survival Manual
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0.9889
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FineWeb
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```
{
"topics": [
"Importance of Shelter",
"Types of Shelter",
"Shelter Construction"
]
}
```
|
Stiamo raccogliendo le teorie più belle sui film più famosi.
Oggi l’utente Jacob_wallace sostiene che
[Avatar] The reason the Na’vi want to be low tech is because the planet would kill them if they advanced, and it has killed the Na’vi for advancing before. e ci spiega:
Toward the end, the planet turned on the humans after the humans were about to win. A common misconception in the movie is the Na'vi won against high tech weaponry. They didn't. They got their ads handed to them and the humans only lost because they didn't anticipate every animal in the forest turning on them at once.
So why did the planet choose against the humans? The planet didn't care when the Na'vi were getting killed earlier, so clearly it doesn't care about the Na'vi or their lives in particular.
A huge part of the Na'vi religion is balance of life and death. As we find out about halfway through the movie, this isn't just standard animism, but that the Na'vi actually do live on a sentient planet that really does seem to value life and death. They've deified the planet because they're not spacefaring and don't know better (except the hippie humans who clearly know better and know it's a sentient planet, but play along with the animism because…reasons). Which is why the forest turned on the humans; they were throwing the whole life and death thing far out of balance and if they won, they would've strip mined and exploited the planet more, which the planet doesn't want.
Which brings me back to my original theory is that I suspect something like the forest turning against people happened to the Na'vi in the past. In a briefing, someone says that the Na'vi don't want roads or medicine and prefer mud. Jake repeats this in a report, using hippie language. Now, Jake says it in a dumb and hippie way, but they touched on something interesting.
The planet demands life and death balance, and has the ability to enforce this balance if any one species exceed this balance. Say for instance, like inventing technology.
The Na'vi aren't primitive because of hippie dippie hoo ha. They're primitive because the planet demands it, and will kill them if they become too advanced. And it likely has destroyed previous Na'vi civilizations that became more advanced in the past.
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0.7638
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FineWeb
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["Avatar Movie Analysis", "Na'vi Culture and Technology", "Planet's Sentience and Balance of Life"]
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A ball-peen (also spelled ball-pein) hammer, also known as a machinist's hammer, is a type of peening hammer used in metalworking. It is distinguished from a cross-peen hammer, diagonal-peen hammer, point-peen hammer, or chisel-peen hammer by having a hemispherical head. It is commonly used as a tool for metalworking.
Though the process of peening (surface hardening by impact) has become rarer in metal fabrication, the ball-peen hammer remains useful for many tasks, such as striking punches and chisels (usually performed with the flat face of the hammer). The peening face is useful for rounding off edges of metal pins and fasteners, such as rivets.
Variants include the straight-peen, diagonal-peen, and cross-peen hammer. These hammers have a wedge-shaped head instead of a ball-shaped head. This wedge shape spreads the metal perpendicular to the edge of the head. The straight-peen hammer has the wedge oriented parallel to the hammer's handle, while the cross-peen hammer's wedge is oriented perpendicular. The diagonal-peen hammer's head, as the name implies, is at a 45° angle from the handle. They are commonly used by blacksmiths during the forging process to deliver blows for forging or to strike other forging tools.
Ball-peen hammers have two types of heads: hard-faced and soft-faced. The head of a hard-faced hammer is made of heat treated forged high-carbon steel or alloy steel; it is harder than the face of a claw hammer.
The soft-faced hammers have heads faced with brass, lead, tightly wound rawhide, or plastic. These hammers usually have replaceable heads or faces, because they will deform, wear out, or break over time. They are used to prevent damage to a struck surface, and are graded by the weight of the head and by hardness of the striking face.
- Audel, Theodore (1962), Audels new mechanical dictionary for technical trades, Theodore Audel, p. 54.
- Cavette, Chris, How hammer is made, retrieved 2008-12-19
- Benford, p. 36.
- Szykitka, p. 435.
|
0.702
|
FineWeb
|
```
{
"topics": [
"Ball-peen hammer",
"Peening hammers",
"Metalworking tools"
]
}
```
|
Abstract: The anthropological study of value has gained much currency in recent years. This article speaks to the importance of Pentecostal practices in understanding the qualitative aspects of value in Ghana. It demonstrates how practices relating to wealth accumulation and redistribution are in interaction with ethical evaluations about the character of charismatic Christian prophets. The moral evaluation of wealth of certain prophets, and the links perceived between their use of wealth and their character, tell us something about the moral climate in contemporary Ghanaian society, where wealth cannot simply be measured quantitatively (through acquiring riches), but also ought to be assessed qualitatively (discerned through the quality of one’s acts).
Excerpt: This chapter is concerned with the relationship between entrepreneurship and religion. It examines the making of Pentecostal churches and pastoral careers as a form of entrepreneurship and discusses what the religious dimension adds to our understanding of how entrepreneurship unfolds in Africa today. The chapter analyzes in particular how striving for and attaining social and economic aspirations can be fulfilled through a pastoral career in Pentecostal churches in Ghana. What is remarkable is that young men and women are able to ‘become someone’ in society, achieve status, and accumulate wealth through the making of pastoral careers in a general context where the possibilities for social climbing are constrained.
By: Jörg Haustein (SOAS, University of London)
Wariboko’s book is an important contribution to the by now substantial array of studies on Nigerian Pentecostalism, and yet it is one of a kind. Instead of providing another historical, political, or socio-economic analysis of the “Pentecostal explosion” in Africa’s most populous country, Wariboko seeks to unlock its secrets from within, by producing a philosophical analysis of Nigerian Pentecostal spirituality and theology. His closest conversation partner is Ruth Marshall, whose influence is acknowledged at the outset and implicitly or explicitly engaged throughout the book.
Abstract: Experiential and mediatized, Pentecostal Christianity is one of the most successful cases of contemporary religious globalization. However, it has often grown and expanded transnationally without clear authoritative contours. That is the case in contemporary Ghana, where Pentecostal claims about charismatic empowerment have fed public anxieties concerning the fake and the occult. This article examines how Pentecostalism’s dysfunctional circulation is countered within seminaries, or Bible schools, by specific strategies of pastoral training. First, I revisit recent debates on Protestant language ideology in the anthropology of Christianity, and stress Pentecostalism’s affinity with notions of flow and saturation of speech by divine presence. Second, I move to data collected in the Anagkazo Bible and Ministry Training Center, and investigate this institution’s pedagogical framing of Pentecostalism’s otherwise erratic flow of speech and power according to two normative operations: Biblical figuration and the emic notion of transmission as ‘impartation’. I conclude by stressing how the metapragmatics of figuration and impartation in Anagkazo requires an understanding of religious circulation that exceeds the dominant scholarly focus on religion-as-mediation.
Abstract: This article seeks to shed light on the relationship between material development and spiritual empowerment among Pentecostal churches in Northern Cameroon. Field studies show that several Pentecostal churches recently have been established in the area, and that they are “negotiating space” in order to find places and areas where they can influence the local community. Due to the strong Muslim control over the economy in the region, the new churches have little focus on prosperity, but the material and developmental discourse focus on entrepreneurship through education and hard work. The article concludes that the relative success achieved by the churches is connected to their focus on global mobility, local flexibility, spiritual authority and human dignity.
Abstract: Beauty pageants in Nigeria have become highly popular spectacles, the crowned winners venerated for their beauty, success and ability to better society through charity. This paper focuses on the Carnival Calabar Queen pageant, highlighting how pageants, at the nexus of gender and the nation, are sites of social reproduction by creating feminine ideals. A divinely inspired initiative of a fervently Pentecostal First Lady, the pageant crowns an ambassador for young women’s rights. While the queen must have ‘grace and beauty’ and be ‘ever prayerful’, the discussion unravels emic conceptions of feminine beauty, religiosity and respectability. Yet, young women also use pageantry as a ‘platform’ for success, hoping to challenge the double bind of gender and generation they experience in Nigeria. The discussion pays particular attention to how young women, trying to overcome the insecurities of (urban) Nigerian life, make choices to negotiate individualism with community, and piety with patriarchy. Ethnographically, this paper situates beauty pageants in the region’s past and present practices that mould feminine subjectivities. Contributing young women’s experiences to recent literature on the temporalities of African youth, the paper’s explicit focus on how new subjectivities form through action illuminates important themes regarding agency, resistance and notions of the religious self. In doing so, it furthers current analyses of Pentecostalism, seeking a more nuanced understanding of gender reconfiguration and demonstrating how religious subjects can be formed outside church institutions.
Abstract: This article historicizes the contemporary Pentecostal movement in Nigeria by examining relationships between Nigerian prophets, British missionaries, and American evangelists in the 1930s and 1940s. First, the article challenges assumptions about the genealogy and chronology of Nigerian Pentecostalism by taking a close look at the beginnings of the Christ Apostolic Church. Then, it discusses new evidence which reveals the surprising influence of a marginal American evangelist and renegade British missionary on the church’s doctrine. Making use of a wide range of evidence from Nigerian, Welsh, and American archives, the article argues that while the Aladura movement may have had indigenous origins, its development made significant use of foreign support and did so much earlier than has been appreciated by previous studies. The larger significance of this argument is that it shows the mutual constitution of American, British, and Nigerian Pentecostalism; instead of emerging first in the US and UK and then being taken to Africa, Pentecostalism’s development across the Atlantic was coeval.
Abstract: This article explores the cultural change generated by Pentecostalism among Liberian refugees in Ghana, who fled from their nation’s civil wars to a refugee camp in Ghana’s Central Region. Anthropologists of religion have argued that Pentecostal conversions have in large parts become popular because they enable a “break with the past.” Liberian converts, as well, seek to distance themselves from a past that is mired in conflict. To this end, they connect to global Pentecostal networks in an attempt to overcome their marginal status. In so doing, many of them reject aspects of their past, which they associate with the Liberian civil wars, for example traditional belief systems, ethnic identity, and the Liberian gerontocracy. Yet, as the ethnographic examples illustrate, this “break with the past” is rarely complete. This study’s findings are related to debates on whether anthropology of religion should focus on “continuity” or “discontinuity” in exploring religious conversions. The author argues that the religious experiences of Liberians in exile can only be understood by paying attention to the interplay and tensions between continuity and discontinuity.
Abstract: This paper examines the contextualization of the Jesus story by Ghanaian Christians. It approaches it through the analysis and evaluation of inherent ideas in their songs, sermons and practices that reflect their interpretation of the Christian experience in relation to primal religion and culture, and the Bible. The results show that Ghanaian Christians do not play down the ubiquity of evil in the world. Nonetheless, they see in Jesus Christ the incomparable, victorious Saviour who has made it possible for believers to overcome the evils of this world. Accordingly, they insist that in Christ believers can enjoy “full” and “complete” salvation in every area of life.
Abstract: In August 2010, Côte d’Ivoire commemorated fifty years of independence. Local Pentecostal churches likewise celebrated the jubilee, marking the liberation of slaves after seven times seven years of servitude as promised in Leviticus 25: 8–10. This reading of independence was closely linked to the incumbent president’s political project of refondation based on a premillennial understanding of the interrelatedness of past, present and future. In this article, I explore Pentecostal political rhetoric and performances of the past during the jubilee celebrations, and the post-electoral crisis of 2010–2011. Drawing on empirical research into memory at work in Côte d’Ivoire, I question the instrumentalist paradigm used in analysis of religious ways of thinking about the world. By emphasizing performances of the past and collective memory, I explain how being born-again is enacted as politics and how politics are perceived in terms of faith.
|
0.965
|
FineWeb
|
```json
[
"Pentecostalism in Africa",
"Religion and Entrepreneurship",
"Pentecostal Christianity and Culture"
]
```
|
“The Man Whose Happiness is Contagious”
Eugene Taylor has established himself as one of North Carolina’s most rare and unique talents. As a vocalist and dynamic hand percussionist, Eugene tells a story through his music. To some, it’s a story of hope. To others, a story of peace. Yet, for many, it’s a story of joy. Eugene’s drumming and soulful vocals have captured the hearts of many listeners. His happiness is so contagious, and his music impacts all walks of life.
Eugene presents what he calls “DjembeTalk,” which is a performance done with the djembe drum, a tambourine, egg shakers, tap shoes, finger snapping, and whistling. Eugene Taylor invites you to Experience the Rhythm of djembetalk!
|
0.5177
|
FineWeb
|
```json
[
"Eugene Taylor",
"Music Performance",
"DjembeTalk"
]
```
|
The average American's social network consists of over 600 people whom they interact with on an ongoing basis. People make these social connections for a wide variety of reasons, ranging from strategic "networking" to simply enjoying another person's company. We are interested in learning more about the factors that lead people to make social connections. In the present study, we are studying how the shape of a social network may influence such decisions. Some individual are more "central" to a network than others because they have many friends, have popular friends, are close to everyone or are brokers between different groups. We hope to learn how these various forms of centrality affect people's preferences in making social connections.
In the current study, you will be presented with naturalistic social networks. Each network will consist of a set of simulated people, represented by circles called "nodes." One of the nodes of the network will be red, representing you, the participant. The people in the network - including yourself - will be linked to one another via social connections, represented by lines between nodes. Your task will be to examine the structure of these connections and then make a new friend by adding a social connection between yourself and another person to the network. On each trial, you should try to make the social connection that will be improve your own position within the network, however you define it. At the end of the study, you will receive personalized feedback, including a visualization of the extent to which you relied on various types of network centrality to make your decisions about new social connections. You will also have the opportunity to explore these various forms of centrality in an interactive demo that allows you to edit the shape of a network. If you wish to participate in this study on perceptions of networks, please click the 'begin' button below.
|
0.6468
|
FineWeb
|
```
{
"topics": [
"Social Network Structure",
"Centrality in Social Networks",
"Social Connection Decision Making"
]
}
```
|
Enthalpy of Mixing (Excess Enthalpy)
Excess enthalpy data (HE) are important for the description of the correct temperature-dependence of the activity coefficients following the Gibbs-Helmholtz equation:
For fitting interaction parameters of gE - and group contribution models, applicable for a larger temperature range, enthalpy of mixing data directly provide the temperature dependence of the activity coefficients. Therefore, a combination of vapor-liquid equlibrium and excess enthalpy measurements is a good solution to cover a broad range of temperature.
Heats of mixing can be measured with different experimental devices.
|
0.9985
|
FineWeb
|
```
[
"Enthalpy of Mixing",
"Excess Enthalpy Data",
"Heats of Mixing Measurement"
]
```
|
In addition to stormwater management and creek maintenance, the city also takes steps to improve stormwater quality. The city has adopted local regulations that make causing or contributing to a discharge of pollutants into storm drains and waterways illegal. Creek or stormwater contamination should be reported immediately to General Services Division (916) 727-4770 for clean up.
- Starting in 2018, Citrus Heights residents can take their Household Hazardous Waste (HHW) to the Sacramento County North Area Recovery Station (NARS). Citrus Heights residents may visit the city's Waste Management and Recyclingpage.
- Businesses that generate less than 220 pounds of hazardous waste can properly dispose of it by taking the hazardous waste in a sealed container to the Sacramento County North Area Recovery Station (NARS), located at: 4450 Roseville Road
North Highlands, CA 95660
- Use the least toxic products for cleaning and auto as well as pest and garden maintenance.
- Clean latex paint brushes in the sink, not outdoors.
- Maintain vehicles to keep the fluids from dripping onto the pavement.
- Properly dispose of auto fluids and batteries.
- When washing your car, use as little water and soap as possible to reduce the runoff and pollution, or better yet, use a commercial car wash that recycles the water.
Landscaping, Gardening & Construction
- Inform your landscape, construction and pool contractors about proper methods to prevent pollution.
- Sweep surfaces before hosing down to keep debris out of the storm drain.
- Consider safer alternatives to chemical pesticides and fertilizers. Use sparingly and not before rain.
- Compost or recycle yard waste.
- Properly drain pools, spas, and fountains (see the Pools & Spas article)
Pick up pet waste, bag it, and dispose of the waste in the trash. This will prevent harmful bacteria from getting into our waterways. Visit the Animal Services Division's page for more information about the city's animal regulations.
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0.7003
|
FineWeb
|
```
[
"Stormwater Quality Improvement",
"Waste Management and Disposal",
"Pollution Prevention Tips"
]
```
|
In the last weekly address of his first term, President Obama outlined his proposals for gun legislation:
"First, it's time for Congress to require a universal background check for anyone trying to buy a gun. The law already requires licensed gun dealers to perform these checks, but as many as 40% of all gun purchases are conducted without one. That's not safe, it's not smart, and its not fair to responsible gun buyers or sellers. An overwhelming majority of Americans agree that anyone trying to buy a gun should at least have to prove that they're not a felon, or somebody legally prohibited from owning one. That's just common sense.
Second, Congress should restore a ban on military-style assault weapons, and a 10-round limit for magazines. Many assault rifles, when combined with high-capacity magazines, have one purpose and one purpose only: to fire as many bullets as possible as quickly as possible. These weapons have no place in our communities. And a majority of the American people agree with me.
Finally, Congress needs to make it easier, rather than harder, for law enforcement to do its job. We should get tougher on people who buy guns only to turn around and sell them to criminals. And at a time when many communities have been forced to make cuts to their police force, we should put more cops back on the job and back on the street."
Twitter users can chime in with #NowIsTheTime. President Obama urged viewers to contact their representatives and make their voices heard:
"If, like me, you want this time to be different, then I need your help to make it different. Ask your member of Congress if they support universal background checks and renewing a ban on military-style assault weapons and high-capacity magazines. And if the answer is no, ask them why not. Ask them why an A-grade from the gun lobby is more important than keeping kids safe in a first grade classroom."
President Obama's Weekly Address:
|
0.6665
|
FineWeb
|
["Gun Legislation", "Background Checks", "Assault Weapons Ban"]
|
Clever Teaching Tips
YOUR NEWEST BEST FRIENDS ARE THE SECRETARY AND CUSTODIAN These two staff members are extremely important and can be of immense assistance as you begin your teaching career and each school year. Each has detailed knowledge of the school, its culture, operating procedures and where things can be found.
WRITING SAMPLE Have students complete a writing sample on the first day of school. Ask your students to write what they would like you to know about them. You can model this by telling your students what you would like them to know about you. This not only gives you some information not found in formal school records (i.e., pets, favorite vacations spots, etc.), but it also serves an indication of their present writing skills. Save this and share it, along with other indications of growth, at the end of the year. when you meet with each student and individually review what then have accomplished during the school year.
BE SPECIFIC WHEN PRAISING STUDENTS When praising one or more students for an action, be specific about the action. Saying, “John, I really liked the way you are helping Meredith pick up the papers she dropped,” or “I like the way Monica and Zach are staying focused on their assignment,” is much better than simply saying “Good job.” By being specific, you are very clearly and purposefully identifying the students acting appropriately and the action you wish others in the class to emulate.
END OF EACH SCHOOL DAY At the end of each day have students summarize what has taken place during the day, what is expected to be returned at the beginning of school tomorrow, and provide a brief overview of what will be accomplished the next school day. Both my wife and I are educators and at dinner we would always ask our three children what they did and learned at school that day. Initially they would answer “Nothing,” but we knew better and would ask leading questions. Preparing students to discuss their day with parents, and preparing them for the upcoming day, is a valuable communication system for it allows students to keep their parents informed of what is taking place in your classroom.
THE DAILY SCHEDULE Let your students know what is going to happen every day. A great way to do this is to post a daily schedule. When children enter the classroom each morning, they love to run straight to the daily schedule to see what they can expect. Choose a spot in the classroom where the daily schedule is posted and use pictures or words to announce the day’s events. The children will feel like they are partners in the day and it might also be an invaluable reminder for you too. As a bonus, you’ll be amazed at how quickly they all learn to read the word “LUNCH.”
EVERYONE LIKES A LITTLE WARNING It seems like a little thing but it can have huge results. Always give your students a few minutes of warning before you end an activity. If it’s something that they are enjoying, it will be hard for them to stop. A quick announcement like “We will be cleaning up in three more minutes” gives them a chance to bring the fun to a conclusion or to put the last few touches on a work of art. If it’s a challenging activity, many students will want a chance to finish what they have worked so hard on. Some teachers set a timer for the last five minutes at the end of each activity so that everyone gets used to the amount of time they have to finish up.
|
0.9181
|
FineWeb
|
```json
[
"Introduction to Teaching Tips",
"Classroom Management Strategies",
"Effective Communication Techniques"
]
```
|
Second Generation of CXA LED Arrays
The XLamp? CXB3590 LED Array is the brightest member of the second generation of the CXA family that delivers up to 33% higher efficacy than the first generation in the same LES. The higher performance CXA2 LED Arrays allow lighting manufacturers to achieve the same or better performance with a smaller LES, enabling a radical reduction in system size and cost. CXA2 LED Arrays share the same physical design as the previous generation, allowing lighting manufacturers to leverage the existing optical, mechanical and electrical design elements to accelerate time to market without additional cost.
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0.804
|
FineWeb
|
["CXA LED Arrays", "LED Array Efficacy", "System Size and Cost Reduction"]
|
In the help forum, Horschi reports a runtime exception, after running ProGuard with a series of optimization passes:
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.VerifyError: (class: aq, method: a signature: (JS)V) Register pair 1/2 contains wrong type
at fi.<init>(Unknown Source)
at TestClientMain.main(Unknown Source)
Test case received.
|
0.5513
|
FineWeb
|
["ProGuard Optimization", "Runtime Exceptions", "Java VerifyError"]
|
View related sites
Cambridge Assessment English
Why choose us?
Exams and tests
You are here:
Here is a game for two players – siblings, friends, classmates or you and your child! It is very flexible – children can play in a very simple way or they can use their imagination and use more difficult words and sentences.
Print and cut out these cards and give one to each player. You can change the details using the blank 'Answers' card – perhaps use your child's favourite character.
One player 'interviews' the other, using the 'Questions' and 'Answers' cards. This can be quite simple, for example:
A: What's your name?
B: Invisible Man.
A: How old are you?
B: I'm 12 ... etc.
Or more confident players may want to use their imagination and use more complex language:
A: Please could you tell me your name?
B: I'm the Invisible Man.
A: The Invisible Man? Wow, it's great to meet you. Could you tell me how old you are?
B: Actually, today's my 12th birthday ... etc.
For an extra challenge, children can produce their own cards following the example, and conduct their own interviews. You could even film the interviews to watch later. Allow creativity, props and laughs. Focus on having a good time and try to make it memorable!
You can see two brothers, Tomás and Gonçalo from Portugal, playing this game here.
Read more tips and advice
Explore our activities for children
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0.595
|
FineWeb
|
["Language Games", "Interview Skills", "Child Development Activities"]
|
About 44 million abortions were performed worldwide in 2008, the most recent year for which data are available; more than four in five took place in developing countries. In most of these countries, abortion is illegal under nearly all circumstances, and the majority of procedures are unsafe. Even in countries where abortion is not severely restricted, women's access to safe procedures may be limited by lack of trained providers or other factors. Given these circumstances, women who undergo unsafe abortions are at high risk of complications, which when severe or when not treated may lead to death. Complications may be reduced by using techniques that allow earlier abortions, training midlevel health workers to provide abortions, educating medical students in abortion techniques and creating interventions to reduce unintended pregnancies.
The articles in the forthcoming special issue of International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health focus on providing evidence on ways to reduce the overall incidence of abortion and the health toll of unsafe abortions.
Here's what you can find in the September special issue of International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health:
Unsafe abortion in Bangladesh widespread despite the availability of menstrual regulation services
In Bangladesh, abortion is illegal except to save the woman's life, but menstrual regulation (MR) can legally be performed up to a maximum of 10 weeks from the last menstrual period. In 2010, 647,000 induced abortions were performed in the country, and 231,400 women were treated for complications of such abortions, according to "The Incidence of Menstrual Regulation Procedures and Abortion in Bangladesh, 2010," by Susheela Singh, of the Guttmacher Institute, and colleagues. The authors, who analyzed data from a nationally representative sample of health facilities and knowledgeable key informants as well as MR statistics of nongovernmental organizations, found that an estimated 653,000 MRs were performed, and about one in 10 women who had an MR were treated for complications. The annual rates of abortion and MR were similar (18.2 and 18.3 per 1,000 women aged 15–44, respectively). The similarity of these rates—and the fact that an estimated 26% of women seeking MRs were turned away, lead the authors to suggest that there is considerable unmet need for MR, while the relatively high rate of complications suggests that the quality of MR services needs improvement.
In India, new study finds medication abortions provided by physicians are no more safe or effective than those provided by other trained health workers
Abortion is legal in India, but because of the limited number of trained surgical providers, a large proportion of abortions are unsafe, according to "Feasibility of Expanding the Medication Abortion Provider Base in India to Include Ayurvedic Physicians and Nurses." Shireen Jejeebhoy, of the Population Council, and colleagues explore the feasibility of expanding the medication abortion provider base to include nurses and traditional ayurvedic physicians, which would require amending existing laws. Currently only gynecologists and allopathic physicians who have undergone training and are certified to provide abortion are allowed to do so. Allopathic physicians, nurses and ayurvedic physicians (10 each), none of whom had experience in abortion provision, were trained and then provided medication abortions to a total of 1,225 women at five clinics in Bihar and Jharkhand, two poor Indian states in which access to health services is limited. Their assessments of women's eligibility for medication abortion on the basis of gestational age and of abortion completeness varied from those of an experienced physician "verifier" in fewer than 5% of cases. Failure rates were low, and were statistically equivalent across provider types. No serious complications occurred, and the authors found that rates of patient satisfaction and willingness to have an abortion performed by a nurse or ayurvedic physician were very high. According to the authors, their findings support amending existing laws to allow nurses and ayurvedic physicians to provide medication abortion.
Study documents attitudes and beliefs toward abortion among South African medical students
In South Africa, although large majorities of medical students hold attitudes supportive of women's right to abortion services, three in four said say they do not intend to perform abortions once they are qualified to do so, according to "Attitudes and Intentions Regarding Abortion Provision Among Medical School Students in South Africa," by Stephanie Wheeler, of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and colleagues. Abortion is legal under South African law, yet access is limited by an inadequate number of trained providers. Despite the increased use of medication abortion and the shifting of some first-trimester abortions from doctors in hospitals to midlevel clinicians at community health centers, the demand for services remains higher than the number of trained providers. The authors surveyed medical students at the University of Cape Town and Walter Sisulu University on their attitudes toward and intentions to provide abortions and found that nearly two-thirds of first-year students said they did not intend to perform abortions once they were qualified to do so. However, this proportion was only 45–60% among more advanced students. Even larger differences across years of study were observed in the proportions who said they would try to discourage a patient from having an abortion or other health providers from performing abortions. The authors suggest that exposure to reproductive health content in the later years of the curriculum may account for these differences.
New evidence shows that most abortions in developed countries occur among women in their 20s
In developed countries, abortion is more common among women in their 20s than among women of other ages, according to "Legal Abortion Levels and Trends by Woman's Age at Termination," by Gilda Sedgh et al. of the Guttmacher Institute. In most industrialized nations, young adulthood is the period when women are most at risk of unintended pregnancy and its consequences. An increasing number of women want to postpone childbearing to pursue an education or work opportunities. To reduce the health toll of abortion complications—and decrease the incidence of abortion—it is vital to help women avoid unwanted pregnancies. Using data from more than 40 countries where legal abortion is generally available, the authors calculated age-specific abortion rates and percentage distributions of abortions by age, taking into account the estimated completeness of reporting. Drawing on information on contraceptive use and unmet need in the countries studied, the authors speculate that higher abortion rates in particular age-groups reflect higher-than-average levels of unmet need for contraception or difficulty in using methods effectively, as well as a stronger desire to avoid childbearing.
Also in this issue is a comment entitled "Use of Medicines Changing the Face of Abortion," by Beverly Winikoff and Wendy Sheldon of Gynuity Health Projects.
|
0.6936
|
FineWeb
|
```json
[
"Abortion Safety and Accessibility",
"Reducing Abortion Incidence and Complications",
"Abortion Laws and Provider Training"
]
```
|
**We are not accepting new students at this time.**
Undergraduate students are required to commit to a minimum of two years for training and research.
Undergraduates may pursue:
- Research for credit (PSYCH 499, NBB 499, or departmental equivalent) – 10+ hours
- Volunteer (8+ hours)
- Federal work study (10-20 hours; see http://studentaid.emory.edu/types/fws/index.html) – coming Fall 2018
- Honors thesis (10+ hours)
- Independent Study/Research (10+ hours)
All lab members are required to attend a weekly lab seminar/journal club and a separate lab business meeting. Students are responsible for completing assigned readings in preparation for these meetings.
All undergraduates start off as lab trainees. We require 2+ years because any student interested in contributing to our research in a substantive way (analyses, collection, etc), must first undergo training in ethics, behavior genetics methods, and statistics. The following year will involve project-specific learning (e.g. directed reading, related academic courses, psych/NBB 499, tasks that support prospective individual projects). Time in the lab culminates with advanced statistical methods and independent study/honors thesis. Throughout your time in the lab, training will be achieved through tutorials/lectures and actual research experience. We expect students who know more to help train junior lab members.
Example projects include:
- examining the relationship between stress, mood disorders and substance use
- identifying genetic variation related to alcohol and other drug use, cognition, and other behaviors in humans
- curating gene-sets related to substance use phenotypes
Example of a recent URA project:
|
0.6702
|
FineWeb
|
```json
[
"Research Opportunities",
"Lab Requirements",
"Training and Projects"
]
```
|
Because of their refined appearance and rarity, pearls have been given supreme value since time immemorial. Women have desired them because of their divine, iridescent appearance. These shiny orbs can either be natural or cultured, and they come in various colors, sizes, and shapes. A trendier variation is chocolate pearls which were introduced at the turn of the new millennium. These pearls are generally of two kinds: chocolate Tahitian pearls and dyed freshwater pearls.
Despite the popular belief that chocolate pearls are mysterious and hard to find, what actually causes their color is a chemical reaction. The first kind is, in fact, black Tahitian pearls bleached and heated to produce a glossy brown color. These pearls are sensitive to changes in temperature and would often refuse human-induced stimulation. Their characteristics make the artificial process slow, thus chocolate Tahitian pearls are difficult to mass produce. Freshwater pearls, on the other hand, are dyed chocolate brown in the same chemical process used with other colors.
The Demand for Chocolate Pearls
Since their debut, chocolate pearls have become increasingly popular with women who have impeccable tastes when it comes to jewelry. As with other rare finds, the law of supply and demand plays a huge role in the production of these pearls. The process initiated by the Ballerina Pearl Company in bleaching and heating black pearls to create a lush brown color was a novel idea, yet it takes too long. Hence, chocolate Tahitian pearls are always of limited supply and are very difficult to find. They are very expensive, too. This huge demand for chocolate pearls allowed other producers to imitate the process but most did not succeed eventually. Another company that uses the same technology is Shanghai Gems, but their supplies are also often limited.
A good alternative would be dyed freshwater pearls. They are less expensive but they look just as radiant as chocolate Tahitian pearls. Choose a good jeweler, however, since these ones do not possess the same durability and integrity that chocolate Tahitian pearls have. You would want to have chocolate pearls that are cheap. But they should also be strong enough to last a couple of years.
Chocolate Pearls in the Fashion World
Women who have a penchant for unusual jewelry may have chocolate pearls included in their wish lists. These exotic pearls are incorporated in a wide array of designs for necklaces, pendants, rings, and earrings. A chocolate pearl necklace evokes subtle elegance and sophistication whether in a single strand, lariat, or rope style. It flatters almost any skin tone and is a perfect highlight to clothes in earth colors. Adding a chocolate pearl jewelry to your collection is indeed a refreshing way to update your style and taste in accessories.
Chocolate pearls are no less valuable than regular pearls. For women with style, chocolate pearls are an exquisite piece of jewelry that is much more elegant and expensive. Surely, white pearls are timeless and appealing. But chocolate pearls take beauty to a whole new level thus making them a very popular choice among ladies worldwide.
|
0.5455
|
FineWeb
|
```
{
"topics": [
"Introduction to Chocolate Pearls",
"The Demand for Chocolate Pearls",
"Chocolate Pearls in the Fashion World"
]
}
```
|
The Influence of Emotional Valence on Integral Memory Accuracy Using a Novel Emotion Induction Procedure
- Author(s): Urban, Emily Johanna
- Advisor(s): Charles, Susan T
- et al.
Emotional memories are useful for future decision-making. Despite their utility, memories for details about past emotional events, and memories for the emotions experienced during the event, are susceptible to bias over time. Whether emotion enhances or hinders memory depends on a number of factors, including the valence of the emotions experienced. The present dissertation implemented a novel emotion induction technique designed to test memory accuracy in a controlled yet ecologically valid situation: the positive Trier Social Stressor Task (TSST). Instead of giving a speech about their qualifications for a job in front of stern evaluators, participants in the positive condition discussed a highly enjoyable hobby for warm and supportive observers. A neutral TSST condition was also developed. The new TSST conditions, which were compared to the original negative TSST, were validated in Study 1 and replicated in Study 2. Participants in the positive condition increased in positive emotion from baseline to post-speech, participants in the neutral condition remained in a stable affective state, and participants in the negative condition decreased in positive and increased in negative emotion. The intensity of emotions was similar in the emotional conditions. Study 2 tested memory accuracy for the details of, and emotions experienced during, the speech task by giving participants a surprise memory test one week after their initial visit. The influence of memory bias on intentions for future behavior was also measured. Memory accuracy was similar across groups over a number of indices except one in which the negative group performed worse than the positive and negative conditions. The negative group overestimated negative and underestimated positive emotions experienced during the TSST when recalling them one week later. Regardless of condition, the more positive and the less negative participants recalled feeling during the TSST, the more willing they were to participate in a similar future study even after statistically adjusting for emotions experienced during the TSST. This dissertation contributes a new emotion induction technique that can be used in a variety of studies. The lack of group differences in memory for emotional detail and the importance of emotional memory for decision making is discussed.
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["Emotion Induction Technique", "Memory Accuracy", "Emotional Valence"]
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A. Required Standards
- De Anza College web pages should conform to Level AA of the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0. The college utilizes several web applications to help monitor and improve the accessibility of pages on our sites.
- For more information about making your site accessible, view the High Tech Center Training Unit Web site.
- The accessibility of each Web site is subject to the review of the college Web coordinator.
B. Ways to Make Web Sites Accessible
- An important step in creating accessible pages is to validate your HTML. The WAVE Accessibility Tool analyzes Web pages for accessibility.
- Make sure the HTML titles of your pages are unique. Titles are an important navigational tool for users. Document titles are more important than people realize. Browsers bookmark titles and search engines often look for and index titles.
- When possible, use only technologies defined in a W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) specification and use them in an accessible manner. When this is not possible, provide an alternative page that is accessible and based on standards.
- All images and image map coordinates should have an ALT attribute that specifies alternative text that will be shown if image display is not possible or disabled by the user. This gives the user some indication of what's missing.
- ALT attributes should be properly punctuated to allow various screen readers (software for the visually impaired) to work more effectively.
- Judiciously use the appropriate amount of text in ALT attributes. ALT attributes should sufficiently describe the image in as concise a manner as possible. If your image includes text, the ALT attribute should reflect that text.
- ALT attributes such as "image" or "photo" are uninformative. Make your ALT text specific and meaningful. Using transparent GIF spacers is fine, but they need to have ALT text. For non-essential images, you can use a blank ALT attribute; for example, ALT="" is acceptable for spacer GIFs or other non-critical or content-devoid images.
- If you use a colored background, make sure there is high contrast between the background and text. Avoid backgrounds with busy patterns, since these can make text difficult to read.
- When using tables to represent data, rows and columns should be clearly labeled and the summary attribute should be used in the table tag. This does not apply to tables used for layout.
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0.9624
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FineWeb
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```
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"topics": [
"Required Standards",
"Ways to Make Web Sites Accessible",
"Accessibility Guidelines"
]
}
```
|
Cosmetic changes to teeth aren’t solely superficial. The dental work we provide will have a functional benefit as well, making your teeth stronger as they become more beautiful. This is necessary because our teeth are prone to damage and wear by so many sources in our lives. As time goes by, we see our teeth become fractions of their former selves, and even lose teeth entirely. Restorative dentistry tackles the changes aging teeth have suffered while keeping aesthetics in mind. Our Maryland Family Dentistry team will provide you with rebuilt, redone, or entirely new teeth without compromising a natural look and feel.
Why Replace Missing Teeth?
Missing teeth aren’t just an aesthetic concern; they open your mouth up to the possibility of disease and dangerous changes. Teeth surrounding the gap left by a missing tooth will begin to shift inward as soon as the tooth is gone. This leads to a chain reaction that can result in further tooth loss. The bite will change in response to the pressure imposed by shifting teeth, potentially leading to TMJ disorders. The spaces foster disease, leading to periodontitis and the decay of neighboring teeth. Your bone density will suffer, and could cause changes in your facial structure. Replacing missing teeth as soon as possible prevents these issues and more.
If you’re missing just a few teeth, you don’t need to turn to dentures prematurely. Dental bridges span gaps left by missing teeth to replace them. By drawing on the strength of neighboring teeth, bridges restore your smile without taking complicated measures. They also preserve your surrounding teeth and your bite by preventing tooth shift and disease.
Any number of missing teeth will have an impact on your life. Your speaking, biting, and chewing will be compromised, and your self-esteem will take a plunge. Partial or full dentures will replace even an entire mouth of missing teeth and restore youthfulness to your activities.
Restoring your smile doesn’t need to be tricky or uncomfortable. Give us a call to discuss which restorative options appeal to you, and set a treatment plan in motion.
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Presented here are several recommendations to assist you in beginning to prepare for the Great Waves of change. Since each person’s life, circumstances and higher purpose are unique, there is no set of recommendations that can speak to every circumstance and need. Yet these recommendations will be important in helping you to focus your activities and in supporting you on your path of preparation. Please note that these are recommendations, not rules. Use them and adapt them to your circumstances. They are given here to assist you in bringing balance, strength and direction to your life.
Preparing Your Outer Life
- Conserve energy as much as possible. Reduce your energy consumption by 25–50% or more to help save your community and the world from depletion and ruin.
- Maintain a supply of food, water and medicine to prepare for difficulties ahead—at least a supply for 90 days. If your living space is limited, store whatever amount of supplies that you can.
- Build an emergency cash fund, if possible, to sustain you during economic disruptions or job loss. In light of the Great Waves, take a more active role in managing, directing and building your financial resources.
- Read more…
Preparing Your Inner Life
- Take quiet time each day to consider the wisdom of your thoughts and actions and to become aware of any insights you have had. Keep a journal of these insights and review them frequently.
- Adopt a simple meditation practice to relieve stress and to connect to Knowledge, the deeper intelligence within you. The study in Steps to Knowledge provides a pathway for doing this.
- Have few opinions. Make no opinions about any problem unless you have spent considerable time studying the problem and its many conceived interpretations and solutions. Ask yourself if you are really certain about something or are only guessing.
- Read more…
In conclusion, as has been stated many times, the solution to the unfolding planetary issues is, at its core, a spiritual one. Begin your greater preparation by reading and studying the text The Great Waves of Change.
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0.7445
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FineWeb
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How past experiences interact with sensory input to infer speed and allow eye tracking moving objects.
As a plane flies across the sky, the muscles that allow the eye to track its movement can set pace not only on the speed observed but also the speed they would expect from seeing planes before.
New research from Duke University (NC, USA), published in Nature Neuroscience, has discovered the underlying circuit for this behavior and how the brain uses statistical inference about motion; showing how visual, sensory information works with prior experiences to predict and alter motor control and eye tracking movements.
Many papers over the last few years have shown that the brain can use inference and past experiences to predict the outcome of sensory inputs. However, “to our knowledge this is the first time anyone has a found a place perfectly situated to cause the behavioral outputs we see,” commented Stephen Lisberger, senior author of the paper, referring to the frontal eye fields (FEFSEM), the region that is causally involved in smooth-pursuit eye movements.
By recording the activity of single neurons in the FEFSEM of monkeys, the researchers could track synaptic changes and the associated movements. The memory of past experience is established by the strength of the synapses in the neural circuit that drives what are known as pursuit eye movements, and synaptic plasticity allows for modification of connections as experiences change.
When replicated in a computerized neural network, it can be shown that the activity and educated guesses can mimic Bayesian statistical inference patterns. These patterns rely on the probability of a given outcome, updating as more information is added.
Their experiment showed that the importance of this statistical estimation becomes more important when the visual target is less visually distinct: “It’s like when you’re driving a familiar road at night or in the fog – you go by what you know is going to happen next as much as by what you can actually see,” Lisberger said.
“In low light, FEFSEMsays, ‘don’t track that,’” Lisberger continued. “But if it’s a bright patch, it says ‘tune in, get it.’” This insight would enable them to predict eye movements by looking at just the neurons, he concluded.
Written ByJenny Straiton
Updated 1 May, 2019
SourceDarlington TR, Beck JM, Lisberger SG. Neural implementation of bayesian inference in a sensorimotor behaviour. Nat. Neurosci. doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0233-y (2018)https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-018-0233-yhttps://today.duke.edu/2018/09/circuit-found-brain%E2%80%99s-statistical-inference-about-motion
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0.619
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```
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"topics": [
"Eye Tracking",
"Statistical Inference",
"Neural Circuitry"
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1970s: A Decade of Keeping Up with the Times
- The Arc publishes a position paper titled, Undernutrition In The Infant as a Cause of Mental Retardation, written by Robert Guthrie, as part of the Public Health Services Committee, chaired by Robert MacCready;
- The Arc passes a resolution at convention to increase the involvement of low income and minority groups in The Arc's activities as a strategy to prevent poverty-related mental retardation;
- The Arc receives support from Zeta Tau Alpha to continue its work on poverty and mental retardation.
- The Arc lends its name to a media campaign to educate and prevent Hepatitis B. The Arc distributed materials nationally to all residential facilities to educate staff about prevention of Hepatitis B.
- The Arc develops and distributes materials to allied health professionals addressing prevention of meningitis;
- The Arc's Board of Directors supports an objective entitled, Agenda for Prevention;
- Acting on a recommendation of the Public Health Services Committee, The Arc's Board of Directors urges expansion of screening programs for metabolic and genetic diseases.
The Arc sponsors a conference on Poverty and Mental Retardation as part of its Office of Economic Opportunity-supported grant.
The Arc produces and disseminates its first Prevention Handbook to all chapters.
The Arc adopts a 5-year planning cycle and establishes eleven service goals. Included in the goals were "Increase the quantity and quality of research impacting upon prevention and amelioration" and "Actively encourage efforts to identify cures for disorders and conditions involved in mental retardation through basic research, dissemination of relevant scientific findings and increased professional and public awareness."
The Arc publishes its Guidelines for State Research Coordinating Committees.
The Arc awards a research grant to Kenneth Jones, MD, to continue work originally supported by the March of Dimes. While supported by The Arc funds, Dr. Jones names the disorder Fetal Alcohol Syndrome.
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```json
[
"Mental Retardation Prevention",
"The Arc's Activities and Achievements",
"Health Research and Awareness"
]
```
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(HealthDay News) -- Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic infection that, if acquired by a pregnant woman, can threaten the fetus.
The American Academy of Pediatrics suggests how to reduce a woman's risk of acquiring toxoplasmosis during pregnancy:
- Ask someone else to clean the cat's litter box each day.
- If you must clean the litter box yourself, wear gloves and carefully wash your hands when you're finished.
- Always wash hands with soap and water after exposure to unwashed vegetables, raw meat, soil or sand.
- Don't eat undercooked meat.
- Freeze meat for a few days before you cook it. This will greatly reduce the chances of infection.
- Carefully clean with hot water and soap all knives and cutting boards after using them.
- Wash or peel vegetables and fruits before eating them.
- Don't drink untreated water, particularly when visiting another country.
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["Toxoplasmosis Infection", "Pregnancy Precautions", "Food Safety Guidelines"]
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Four years ago, Rodrigo Quian Quiroga from Leicester University showed that single neurons in the brain react selectively to the faces of specific people, including celebrities like Halle Berry, Jennifer Aniston and Bill Clinton. Now, he’s back, describing single neurons that respond selectively to the concept of Saddam Hussein or Oprah Winfrey. This time, Quiroga has found that these neurons work across different senses, firing to images of Oprah or Saddam as well as their written and spoken names.
In one of his volunteers, Quiroga even found a neuron that selectively responded to photos of himself! Before the study began, he had never met the volunteers in the study, which shows that these representations form very quickly, at least within a day or so.
In his original experiments, Quiroga used electrodes to study the activity of individual neurons, in the brains of patients undergoing surgery for epilepsy. As the volunteers saw photos of celebrities, animals and other objects, some of their neurons seemed to be unusually selective. One responded to several different photos of Halle Berry (even when she was wearing a Catwoman mask), as well as a drawing of her, or her name in print. Other neurons responded in similarly specific ways to Jennifer Aniston or to landmarks like the Leaning Tower of Pisa.
The results were surprising, not least because they seemed to support the “grandmother cell theory“, a paradox proposed by biologist Jerry Lettvin. As Jake Young (now at Neurotopia) beautifully explains, Lettvin was trying to argue against oversimplifying the way the brain stores information. Lettvin illustrated the pitfalls of doing so with a hypothetical neuron – the grandmother cell – that represents your grandmother and is only active when you think or see her. He ridiculed that if such cells existed, the brain would not only run out of neurons, but losing individual cells would be catastrophic (at least for your poor forgotten grandmother).
The grandmother cell concept was espoused by headlines like “One face, one neuron” from Scientific American, but these read too much in Quiroga’s work. It certainly seemed like one particular neuron was responding to the concept of Halle Berry. But there was nothing in Quiroga’s research to show that this cell was the only one to respond to Halle Berry, nor that Halle Berry was the only thing that activated the cell. As Jake Young wrote, “The purpose of the neuron is not to encode Halle Berry.”
Instead, our brains encode objects through patterns of activity, distributed over a group of neurons, which allows our large but finite set of brain cells to cope with significantly more concepts. The solution to Lettvin’s paradox is that the job of encoding specific objects falls not to single neurons, but to groups of them.
There is evidence for this in Quiroga’s latest study. This time, he recorded the activities of over 750 neurons in the mid-temporal lobes of 7 people. Again, all the volunteers were undergoing surgery for epilepsy and the electrodes had been implanted to monitor their brain activity. Each person saw a range of different objects, represented by three different pictures as well as their names, both printed and read aloud.
In one person, Quiroga isolated a neuron that became a thousand times more active when Oprah Winfrey’s face or name was presented. But to a lesser degree, the neuron also responded to the concept of Whoopi Goldberg, so for this individual at least, the concepts of the two women were encoded by overlapping sets of neurons. Another volunteer had a neuron that fired 300 times more strongly in response to Quiroga himself. Quiroga actually found five neurons that responded to one or more of the researchers, none of whom had met the patient before.
Clearly, a small group of neurons had learned to respond to the category of “UCLA scientists” within just a day. These results clearly illustrate the fallacy of the “grandmother cell”, or indeed the “Halle Berry cell”. The “Oprah neuron” isn’t just dedicated to Oprah – it encodes Whoopi Goldberg too, albeit to a lesser degree. And the “UCLA researcher cell” is just part of an ensemble that represents UCLA researchers – hardly a case of “one face, one neuron”.
Instead, our brains encode concepts in the activity of overlapping sets of specific neurons. It’s an efficient system and ensures that our large but finite supply of brain cells can encode more concepts than a simple one-to-one ratio would allow. The fact that some neurons selectively responded to Quiroga’s crew highlights another benefit of this “ensemble encoding” – it also allows a network to quickly build in new representations without “catastrophic interference” between new concepts and existing ones.
The study also confirms that while different parts of the brain are involved n processing images, voices or words, all of this information can converge on specific neurons. Brain-scanning techniques such as fMRI have suggested that some parts of the brain combine information from different senses, but these studies can’t tell us whether this is down to neurons that collate information from across our senses or groups of neurons, each responding to a single sense. Quiroga’s experiments, however, can.
He suggests that the neurons of the medial temporal lobe can represent abstract concepts by creating associations between disparate bits of information – such as a person’s name and their face. It’s not the first time that these neurons have been implicated in forming new mental association, and it’s supported by the fact that some neurons were triggered by related things. One fired to both Yoda and Luke Skywalker, another fired to snakes and spiders, and yet another was activated by the Sydney Opera House, the World Trade Center, the White House and the Bahai Temple.
Quiroga imagines that some neurons in the network receive signals from parts of the brain involved in visual processing, others from areas involved in recognising speech. “Learning the name of a person could be achieved by linking the activity of these neurons,” he explains, so that any one stimulus – be it their photo or the sound of their name – activates the whole network.
So in short, there is no single Halle Berry neuron, but there probably is a Halle Berry neural network. Nor is there a single Jenny McCarthy neuron, but we already knew that, didn’t we?
Reference: Current Biology 10.1016/j.cub.2009.06.060
- Electrical stimulation produces feelings of free will
- Why information is its own reward – same neurons signal thirst for water, knowledge
- How wearing a cast affects sense of touch and brain activity
- Playing shoot-em-up video games can improve some aspects of vision
- Beta-blocker drug erases the emotion of fearful memories
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0.9189
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["Neural Encoding", "Brain Function", "Concept Representation"]
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Endoscopic system for sexing day-old chicks
Sexing day-old chicks is very important for poultry production. Females are used exclusively for commercial layers, whereas males are preferable in commercial broilers due to their fast growth.
Several methods of chick sexing have been developed, the most popular method being vent sexing, which is performed just by looking for the presence or absence of a rudimentary male sex organ. Although this method is fast and accurate, it requires the observer to be well trained and to have a great deal of practice.
Another method is feather sexing, which uses sex-linked feather characteristics genes. Although this method is easy in practice, it can be applied only to a limited number of chicken breeds and cross breeds.
High accuracy with endoscope sexing
Molecular sexing techniques, which are accurate, but difficult to apply to large number of chicks, are available as well. A modified endoscope system for small animals, based on the ‘Chick tester’; a monitor probe to be inserted into the intestine of a chick, used in the 1960-70s, was developed to determine the sex of day-old chicks quickly and accurately.
The probe of the endoscope was inserted from the cloaca into the intestine of a chick, and the presence of testes or ovary was observed through the wall of the intestine. Tests were performed in White leghorn and Rhode Island red chicks using this new system. The accuracy of sexing was 91.1% in White leghorn chicks and 88.3% in Rhode island red chicks, overall accuracy of sexing was 90.2% Data were confirmed by observing gonads after laparotomy or appearances at 80 d of age. Accuracy of sexing male chicks (95.0%) was higher than that of female chicks (86.0%). It is expected that the accuracy would be improved by continuous training in the handling of the endoscope.
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Or register to be able to comment.
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0.635
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FineWeb
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```json
[
"Chick Sexing Methods",
"Endoscope Sexing Accuracy",
"Poultry Production Importance"
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From the Roman name Mauritius
, a derivative of MAURUS
Maurice was a 3rd-century Roman soldier from Egypt. He and the other Christians in his legion were supposedly massacred on the orders of emperor Maximian for refusing to worship Roman gods. Thus, he is the patron saint of infantry soldiers.
This name was borne by a 6th-century Byzantine emperor. Another notable bearer was Maurice of Nassau (called Maurits in Dutch), a 17th-century prince of Orange who helped establish the Dutch Republic. The name has been used in England since the Norman conquest
, usually in the spelling Morris
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0.8787
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["Maurice", "Roman Soldier", "Byzantine Emperor"]
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|"There are plenty of eye-witness accounts. Just because you're so narrow-minded you need to have everything shoved under your nose before you–"
This article contains a list of appearances, but currently has few or no notes and references. Please help the Harry Potter Wiki by adding notes and/or references to bring this article to a higher standard of quality.
|"Are you a wizard or not?"
The title of this article is conjectural. Although it is based on canonical information, the actual name is a conjecture and may be supplanted at any time by additional information released from canonical sources. If this occurs, please move this page to the appropriate title.
This gang of Slytherins was a group of students who attended Hogwarts in the 1970s. According to Sirius Black, they were all in Slytherin House and most, if not all, became Death Eaters during the First Wizarding War. This group appeared to occasionally bully other students such as Mary Macdonald. They likely targeted Muggle-born students and blood traitors.
It was partially Severus Snape's relationship with this group that lead his friendship with Lily Evans to end. It is likely that they played a role in influencing his prejudice towards Muggles and his inclusion into the Death Eater ranks.
- Severus Snape
- Evan Rosier
- Rodolphus Lestrange
- Bellatrix Black
- Lucius Malfoy (possibly)
- Rabastan Lestrange (possibly)
- Regulus Black (possibly)
- Narcissa Black (possibly)
Behind the scenes
- It is mentioned by Sirius that Bellatrix was associated with this group, however according to the Black family tree, she was born in 1951. However, depending on which month she was born in she would have attended Hogwarts between 1962 and 1969 or 1963 and 1970, both which pre-date Severus Snape and Sirius's first year, 1971 making it impossible for Sirius to know this. It's likely an error as J. K. Rowling admitted that math is not her strong suit.
- It is possible that Lucius was a member of the group, as he seems to be quite familiar with Severus Snape and he was known to have been at Hogwarts during the same time as the gang.
- It should be worth noting that none of these individuals attempted to help Snape when James and Sirius attacked him at the end of their fifth year. It is unknown why this is, however it is possible that the Marauders purposely waited until Snape was alone before deciding to attack him.
- This is further supported by Snape's assertion to Harry that James would only attack him when he had the other Marauders backing him up and Snape was alone.
- This gang may be a successor to Tom Riddle's gang. Besides being similar, both gangs have members from the Avery, Lestrange, Mulciber, and the Rosier families. Given both gangs relation to the Death Eaters, this likely is not coincidental.
- Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (Mentioned only)
- Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows (Mentioned only)
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0.7593
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["Gang of Slytherins", "Relationships and influences", "Behind the scenes"]
|
We all know it makes sense logically to have a fast website, but seeing the actual statistics relating to website speed is very enlightening. There’s a lot of well-documented statistics surrounding website performance, customer engagement, conversion, and how they’re all related. Here are some reasons why you really need to have a faster website:
People have a short attention span
The average attention span is shorter than the memory span of a goldfish (8 sec vs 9 sec), this means that:
- 0.1-sec loading time feels instantaneous
- 1-sec loading time doesn’t interrupt our thought process.
- 10 seconds barely keeps us interested.
Big Business hates slow loading times
There’s actual data that suggests that bankers and brokers are more critical of slow websites than the average Joe. 56% of bankers and brokers will expect websites to load in 2 seconds or less, and will not be happy and less likely to recommend a service if they had a negative experience, according to Forrester Research.
A slow website hurts conversions
Aberdeen Group, Microsoft, and Google reported the following regarding conversion:
- a delay of 1 second equals 11% fewer page views, a 16% loss in customer satisfaction, and a 7% decrease in conversions.
- a delay of 2 second leads to 2% fewer queries and users are going to be clicking less often, about 3.75% less often.
- 37-49% of site visitors who experience slow performance will give up on a transaction and go to a competitor’s site instead.
- 77% will tell others about their negative experience.
- Slow website performance affect revenue by up to 9%.
So as you can see it makes perfectly good sense to make sure your website loads fast, or at least as fast as it could be. Contact us today if you would like some help in improving your website’s loading speed.
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0.6894
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```json
[
"Importance of Website Speed",
"Impact on Customer Engagement",
"Conversion and Revenue Effects"
]
```
|
Quince, (Cydonia oblonga), a small tree or shrub of the rose family (Rosaceae), grown for its edible fruit. Quince is the only member of the genus Cydonia and is native to Iran, Turkey, and possibly Greece and the Crimean Peninsula. The fruit has a strong aroma and is astringent in the raw state but makes an excellent preserve and is often used to give flavour and sharpness to stewed or baked apples. The flesh takes on a pink colour when cooked, giving an attractive colour to jellies and conserves.
Quince plants are much-branched shrubs or small trees and have entire leaves with small stipules (small leafy outgrowths on either side of the leafstalk). They bear large, solitary, white or pink flowers that are similar to those of the pear or apple but feature leafy calyx lobes and a many-celled ovary. The fruit is a golden yellow pome and may be round and flattened or somewhat pear-shaped.
Once common in home fruit gardens, the quince has largely fallen out of favour. Commercial production has decreased significantly in the northeastern United States and in Europe, though it is still an economically important crop in Turkey and some parts of Asia. It thrives in regions with a distinct winter period and does fairly well along fencerows, where it requires little care. The quince is susceptible to a bacterial disease called fire blight, which is also a serious hazard to other fruits of the rose family. The trees are subject to the same scale insects that attack apples and pears and should receive the same dormant spray treatment for the control of those pests.
Flowering quince (Chaenomeles species), closely related to the common quince, is widely used as an ornamental shrub in gardens.
Learn More in these related Britannica articles:
Rosales: Fruit speciesQuinces (
Cydonia oblonga) are better appreciated in the warmer parts of Europe than in North America. The flesh of quince is extremely fragrant but hard, gritty, and generally too tart to eat fresh; hence, most quince is made into jelly, jam, and marmalade. In Turkey,…
Tree, woody plant that regularly renews its growth (perennial). Most plants classified as trees have a single self-supporting trunk containing woody tissues, and in most species the trunk produces secondary limbs, called branches.…
Shrub, any woody plant that has several stems, none dominant, and is usually less than 3 m (10 feet) tall. When much-branched and dense, it may be called a bush. Intermediate between shrubs and trees are arborescences, or treelike shrubs, from 3 to 6 m tall. Trees are generally defined…
Rosaceae, the rose family of flowering plants (order Rosales), composed of some 2,500 species in more than 90 genera. The family is primarily found in the north temperate zone and occurs in a wide variety of habitats. A number of species are of economic importance as food crops, including apples,…
Fruit, the fleshy or dry ripened ovary of a flowering plant, enclosing the seed or seeds. Thus, apricots, bananas, and grapes, as well as bean pods, corn grains, tomatoes, cucumbers, and (in their shells) acorns and almonds, are all technically fruits. Popularly, however, the term is restricted to the ripened…
More About Quince1 reference found in Britannica articles
- crop of Rosales
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FineWeb
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```json
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"Quince Fruit",
"Quince Plant Characteristics",
"Cultivation and Uses"
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|
Biliary cholesterol excretion: A novel mechanism that regulates dietary cholesterol absorption
Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17
The regulation of dietary cholesterol absorption was examined in C57BL/6 and transgenic mice with liver overexpression of the scavenger receptor BI (SR-BI Tg). In C57BL/6 animals, feeding 0.02 to 1% (wt/wt) dietary cholesterol resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in the percentage of dietary cholesterol absorbed. A plot of total daily mass of dietary cholesterol absorbed versus the percentage by weight of cholesterol in the diet yielded a curve suggesting a saturable process with a Km of 0.4% (wt/wt) and a Vmax of 0.65 mg cholesterol/g body weight per day. Dietary cholesterol suppressed hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase activity, stimulated cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase activity, and enhanced fecal excretion of bile acids, but none of these changes correlated with the percentage of dietary cholesterol absorption. Dietary cholesterol also caused an increase in biliary cholesterol concentration, and in this case the concentration of biliary cholesterol was strongly and inversely correlated with the percentage dietary cholesterol absorption (r = -0.63, P < 0.0001). Biliary cholesterol concentration was also directly correlated with daily cholesterol intake, dietary cholesterol mass absorption, and liver cholesterol ester content. Transgene-induced overexpression of SR-BI resulted in a stimulation of excretion of cholesterol into the bile and suppressed percentage dietary cholesterol absorption. Furthermore, biliary cholesterol levels in SR-BI Tg mice were strongly and inversely correlated with the percentage of dietary cholesterol absorbed (r = -0.99, P < 0.0008). In summary, these results suggest that the excretion of cholesterol into the bile plays an important role in regulating the percentage absorption of dietary cholesterol.
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```
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"Biliary Cholesterol Excretion",
"Dietary Cholesterol Absorption",
"Scavenger Receptor BI (SR-BI) Overexpression"
]
```
|
Carbon In the Atmosphere
Part A: CO2- It's a Gas!
View the image below. On which planet would you like to live?
With with a partner or group, compare the atmospheres of Mars, Earth, and Venus in the image above and then use the following questions to guide your discussion.
- On which planet would it be possible for you to live? Why?
- Which planet would have a greater diversity of life (biodiversity)? Why?
- What relationship, if any, do you see between the amounts of carbon dioxide and the temperature in these three atmospheres?
- You have probably heard about the "greenhouse effect" in previous science classes or in the media. Based on your current understanding of the greenhouse effect, which planet do you think has the strongest greenhouse effect? Which has the weakest? Why?
Greenhouse gases regulate the temperature of Earth's lower atmosphere via the greenhouse effect
Scientists now know the comfortable climate we enjoy today on Earth is due to a natural greenhouse effect natural phenomenon that warms the temperature of Earth's surface and lower atmosphere because greenhouse gases absorb and emit infrared radiation that would otherwise escape to outer space. Some of this emitted infrared is returned to Earth's surface regulated by greenhouse gases atmospheric gases that warm the temperature of Earth's lower atmosphere by absorbing and emitting infrared radiation that would otherwise escape to outer space; includes carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor, ozone, nitrous oxide and CFCs.. Carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) are two powerful greenhouse gases produced by the carbon cycle.
In this section, you will learn how the carbon cycle regulates Earth's climate through the greenhouse effect. Without a greenhouse effect, Earth's climate would be cold like Mars, with an average surface temperature surface of about -15 degrees Celsius (5 degrees Fahrenheit). With a temperature so cold, all water on Earth would freeze and life as we know it would not exist. With a very strong greenhouse effect, Earth's climate could be more like that of Venus where temperatures are around 420 degrees Celsius (788 degrees Fahrenheit). Most living organisms we are familiar with could not exist in a climate this hot. Examine the image of Earth's greenhouse effect pictured on the right and then watch the NASA video below. Make note of how each of the following contributes to Earth's greenhouse effect:
- solar shortwave radiationenergy radiated from the Sun mainly in the form of visible light, with small amounts of ultraviolet and infrared radiation; solar radiation is usually referred to as shortwave radiation while infrared radiation is referred to as longwave radiation.
- infrared longwave radiation (IR) lies between the visible and microwave portions of the electromagnetic spectrum; "near infrared" light is closest in wavelength to visible light and "far infrared" is closer to the microwave region of the electromagnetic spectrum; far infrared waves are thermal which we feel as heat.
- greenhouse gases
NOTE: If the video does not load, click Greenhouse Effect
DiscussWith a partner or the class, discuss the following:
- Describe how the greenhouse gases CO2 and H2O contribute to Earth's greenhouse effect.
- What if no infrared radiation was re-emitted back to Earth's surface by greenhouse gases? Do you think Earth's climate would be colder, warmer or the same? Explain why you think so.
Earth's lower atmosphere (the troposphere) is comprised of greenhouse gases and non-greenhouse gases in different concentrations
As you can see in the pie graph pictured on the right, the lower atmosphere is made mostly of nitrogen(N2) and oxygen(O2) gas molecules. While both nitrogen and oxygen are important in supporting life on Earth, they are not greenhouse gases. Greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and water vapor comprise a very small part of the lower atmosphere and are found only in trace amounts.
Consider the table below and then answer the Checking In questions that follow.
Parts Per Million describes the concentration of one type of atmospheric gas to the concentration of other gases in the atmosphere. For example, carbon dioxide has been expressed as 397 ppm. This means that for every million molecules in the atmosphere, there are approximately 397 molecules of carbon dioxide. NOTE: The concentration of CO2 continues to rise. Check this site to get the current global concentration of CO2 in ppm: NASA Vital Signs of the Planet
Average Residence Times describes the approximate amount of time that different types of atmospheric gases spend in the atmosphere before chemically decaying or moving to another reservoir. A greenhouse gas with a long residence time has greater potential to build up to higher concentrations. This would in turn lead to more infrared being absorbed and a stronger greenhouse effect.
Variability over Time and Spatial Scales describes how the concentration of an atmospheric gas varies over time and space. For example, concentrations of nitrogen and oxygen remain fairly constant around the globe. In contrast, the concentration of CO2 varies over both time and space. For example, in the northern hemisphere (a large hemispheric spatial scale), the concentration of CO2 varies from season to season. H2O vapor in the atmosphere is highly variable because it is part of the water cycle. Some days and regions are dry whereas others have quite a bit of rain.
To see molecular images of greenhouse gas molecules click on Greenhouse Gas Concentrations
Greenhouse gases absorb and re-emit infrared photons
Why do some gases in the atmosphere absorb infrared photons very small packets of energy associated with different wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation; photons associated with specific wavelengths and frequencies of electromagnetic radiation can be absorbed by molecules with matching frequencies. whereas others do not? Nitrogen (N2) and oxygen (O2) molecules do not absorb infrared photons even though they make up more than 90% of Earth's atmosphere. Conversely, CO2molecules comprise only 0.0397% of the atmosphere yet are strong absorbers of infrared photons. Why? It turns out that structure of a greenhouse gas molecule determines its ability to absorb and re-emit infrared photons. The physics of absorbing and re-emiting infrared photons creates the greenhouse effect.
In the next two videos, you will investigate the molecular structure of greenhouse gas molecules and the simple physics of absorbing and re-emiting infrared photons.
- First, watch the video animation "How do greenhouse gases actually work?" by Minute Earth and Kurzgesagt
- Then, watch geoscientist Scott Denning using his own personal dancing style to illustrate how greenhouse gas molecules absorb infrared radiation and make the Earth warmer. NOTE: You can pause and rerun sections of the videos as needed.
- As you view the two videos, make note of the following:
- How the molecular structure of a greenhouse gas is related to its ability to absorb infrared radiation.
- Why N2and O2 cannot absorb infrared photons.
- When a greenhouse gas molecule absorbs an infrared photon, what happens next?
- How absorbing and re-emitting infrared photons keeps the Earth warm
- When you finish, share your notes from the videos with your partner or group.
- Answer the Checking In and Stop and Think questions below.
Stop and Think
1: Explain why carbon dioxide, methane and water molecules are greenhouse gases whereas nitrogen and oxygen are not. Try it in words or even your own dance!
Climate models can be used to predict the effect of CO2 concentration on global temperature
Ready to extend your knowledge and try your hand at modeling? Use the following interactive to set up some experiments.
Source: Climate model interactive developed by Randy Russell, UCAR. Used with permission.
- First, explore the interactive using the preset CO2 emissions rate and time step size. Click Start Over to change the variables and investigate the relationship between CO2 and temperature.
- In the year 2000, 6 Gigatons of CO2 was released into the atmosphere. Discover what might happen to temperature if we increase our rate of emissions. Decide how much CO2 will be released into the atmosphere each year and set the CO2 emissions rate.
- Next, adjust the Time step size depending on how far you want the model to move into the future with each click.
- When you have chosen your settings, click the Step Forward button to see how temperature and CO2 change. Click Step Forward until you've filled the graph to the year 2100.
- When you have finished exploring answer the Checking In questions below.
What does the graph mean?
Blue triangles (and blue y-axis scale) indicate the emissions of CO2 in the atmosphere each year. This is measured in Gigtatons of CO2 (GtC) per year. In the year 2000, we released 6 Gigatons of CO2 into the atmosphere.
Black dots (and black y-axis scale) show how much carbon dioxide has built up in the atmosphere over time. This is measured in parts per million by volume (ppmv). The actual amount was around 368 ppmv in the year 2000.
Red squares (and red y-axis scale) shows average global temperature in degree Celsius. For reference, this value was around 14.3° C in the year 2000. In this simple model, temperature is based entirely on the atmospheric CO2 concentration
- What happens to the average global temperature as you increase the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere?
As you increase the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere the average global temperature also increases.
- How do the slope of the temperature and CO2 concentration lines change as you increase the emission rates?
As you increase the emission rates of CO2 the slope of the other lines both increase. This is because you are compounding the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere.
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0.9984
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FineWeb
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```json
[
"Greenhouse Effect",
"Carbon Cycle",
"Climate Modeling"
]
```
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Tom7 is a component of the translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane (TOM) and assembles into a general import pore complex that translocates preproteins into mitochondria. We have identified the human Tom7 homolog and characterized its import and assembly into the mammalian TOM complex. Tom7 is imported into mitochondria in a nucleotide-independent manner and is anchored to the outer membrane with its C terminus facing the intermembrane space. Unlike studies in fungi, we found that human Tom7 assembles into an approximately 120-kDa import intermediate in HeLa cell mitochondria. To detect subunits within this complex, we employed a novel supershift analysis whereby mitochondria containing newly imported Tom7 were incubated with antibodies specific for individual TOM components prior to separation by blue native electrophoresis. We found that the 120-kDa complex contains Tom40 and lacks receptor components. This intermediate can be chased to the stable approximately 380-kDa mammalian TOM complex that additionally contains Tom22. Overexpression of Tom22 in HeLa cells results in the rapid assembly of Tom7 into the 380-kDa complex indicating that Tom22 is rate-limiting for TOM complex formation. These results indicate that the levels of Tom22 within mitochondria dictate the assembly of TOM complexes and hence may regulate its biogenesis.
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0.9634
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FineWeb
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```json
[
"Mitochondrial Protein Import",
"TOM Complex Assembly",
"Tom7 Function and Characterization"
]
```
|
The relationship between stem-form, stand-closure and site -conditions : the influence of environmental conditions on tree allometry and forest structure in west-central Alberta
Jaques, Kathleen E.
MetadataShow full item record
Changes in the configuration of a tree stern result insignificant differences in its total volume and in the proportion of that volume that is merchantable timber. Tree allometry, as represented by stem-fo~, is the result of the vertical force of gravity and the horizontal force of wind. The effect of wind force is demonstrated in the relationship between stem-form, standclosure and site-conditions. An increase in wind force on the individual tree due to a decrease in stand density should produce a more tapered tree. The density of the stand is determined by the conditions that the trees are growing under. The ability of the tree to respond to increased wind force may also be a function of these conditions . This stem-form/stand-closure/site-conditions relationship was examined using a pre-existing database from westcentral Alberta. This database consisted of environmental, vegetation, soils and timber data covering a wide range of sites. There were 653 sample trees with 82 variables that formed the basis of the analysis. There were eight tree species consisting of Pinus contorta, Picea mariana, Picea engelmannii x glauca, Abies lasiocarpa, Larix laricina, Populus tremuloides, Betula papyrifera and Populus balsamifera plus a comprehensive all-species data set. As the actual conformation of the stern is very individual, stem-fo~was represented by the diameter at breast height to total height r~tio. The four stand-closure variables, crown closure, total basal area, total volume and total number of stems were reduced to total basal area and total number of stems utilizing a bivariate correlation matrix by species. Site-conditions were subdivided into macro, meso and micro variables and reduced in number 3 using cross-tabulations, bivariate correlation and principal components analysis as screening tools. The stem-fo~/stand-closure relationship was examined using bivariate correlation coefficients for stem-fo~ with total number of stems and stem-fo~ with total basal area. The stem-fo~/site-conditions and the stand-closure/site- conditions relationships were examined using multiple correlation coefficients. The stem-form/stand-closure/site-conditions relationship was examined using multiple correlation coefficients in separate analyses for both total number of stems and total basal area. An increase in stand-closure produced a decrease in stem-form for both total number of stems and total basal area for most species. There was a significant relationship between stem-form and site-conditions and between stand-closure and site-conditions for both total number of stems and total basal area for most species. There was a significant relationship between the stemform and site-conditions, including the stand-closure, for most species; total number of stems was involved independently of the site-conditions in the prediction of stem-form and total basal area was not. Larix laricina and Betula papyrifera were the exceptions to the trends observed with most species. The influence of both stand-closure (total number of stems in particular) and site-conditions (elevation in particular) suggest that forest management practices should include these- ecological parameters in determining appropriate restocking levels.
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0.9657
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FineWeb
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```json
[
"Tree Allometry",
"Forest Structure",
"Environmental Conditions"
]
```
|
We can’t really talk about bladder stones without mentioning urine pH. The urine pH that we expect to find in most adult dogs is about 7.0. This can vary widely and still be normal. In many cases, we test the pH with a strip that urine is dropped onto. These strips are useful screening tools, but not very accurate when it comes to pH. The pH may be as much as 0.5 higher or lower than what is indicated on the strip. So, if the strip says 7.5, the actual pH could be 7.0 or even 8.0.
The timing of collection of a urine sample should also be considered. After a meal, the urine pH rises. This is called the alkaline tide. Urine that is allowed to sit with also have a pH alteration and crystal formation. It is ideal to have a urine sample analyzed immediately after it is collected for best results.
Crystals in the urine may be an incidental finding, especially if the urine sat for more than 20 minutes before it was examined (or if it were refrigerated). Struvite crystals are normally present in canine urine, in relatively low numbers. If there are high numbers of crystals or if there are stones present, then this is almost always a result of a bladder infection, with a type of bacteria that produces an enzyme called urease. The urease alters the urine pH, and with the bacteria and white blood cells in the bladder, makes the perfect environment for stone formation.
Treating struvite crystals is not necessary, unless the dog is exhibiting symptoms of a problem or has an obvious infection. A urine culture and sensitivity should always be performed to determine firstly if an infection is present and secondly which antiobiotic is most appropriate to treat the infection.
If we diagnose an infection, we sometimes change the diet while we are treating with antibiotics to speed up the process of dissolving the stones. Very large stones may need to be surgically removed because of the time required to dissolve them with medical therapy. The bladder will remain irritated in the presence of the stone and infections will tend to recur. Another potential problem with a very large stone is that it may have multiple different compositions. So, the stone may not be completely a struvite stone, and won’t dissolve with medical therapy alone.
If there are large numbers of smaller stones, surgery may also be indicated, especially in male dogs. Smaller stones may exit the bladder through the urethra but become lodged at the base of the os penis, a small bone in the dog’s penis. When the stone becomes lodged, urine may be unable to leave the bladder. Urinary outflow obstructions are medical emergencies that must be resolved immediately.
Calcium Oxalate Stones
Calcium oxalate stones are another type of stone commonly found in dogs. This type of stone is not related to infections, and is found in certain breeds of dogs and older dogs of any breed. The breeds that are known to suffer from calcium oxalate stones more frequently than other breeds include Miniature Schnauzer, Bichon Frise, Shih Tzu, Lhasa Apso, and Yorkshire Terrier. This does not mean that every dog of these breeds will be stone formers. However, these breeds are more commonly diagnosed with calcium oxalate stones than other breeds. There may be a genetic cause, explaining the higher incidence in the above breeds. In some cases, there is a metabolic problem, causing an inability to properly regulate calcium levels in the blood. In the majority of the cases, we don’t identify a specific cause.
Calcium oxalate stones cannot be dissolved with medical treatment. They must be surgically removed or sometimes pulsed out of the bladder with a procedure called urohydropulsion or even more rarely dissolved by a procedure called lithotripsy.
Dietary and medical therapy may be recommended to help prevent recurrence of these stones.
A less common type of stone is the urate stone. These are most commonly seen in male Dalmatians. Dalmatians (all) excrete uric acid in their urine and this uric acid can precipitate into stones. Although all Dalmatians excrete this compound, only some actually become stone formers. Some studies have shown that this “stone forming” group of dogs can be limited by selective breeding, because this trait is passed down with great frequency. Diet and medical therapy help prevent stone formation in susceptible dogs.
Cystine stones are another less common type of stone that can be found in dogs. Cystine is an amino acid, present in animal protein sources (such as chicken or lamb). Some dogs have a metabolic error that causes them to excrete excess cystine in the urine, leading to stone formation. These stones can be dissolved with diet and medical therapy, and can be prevented by keeping the urine alkaline (above 7.5).
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0.8635
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FineWeb
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["Bladder Stones", "Urinary Tract Infections", "Stone Formation Types"]
|
In a typical MySQL installation, the default character set and collation are latin1 and latin1_swedish_ci. This means that all string comparisons will be performed in a case insensitive manner. So, ‘Search String’=’search string’. This is great for most WHERE expressions, however there are occasions where performing a case-sensitive search is required. Luckily MySQL provides the collate clause which allows you to override whatever the default collation is for a comparison. As an example :
select * from mytable where first_name collate latin1_general_cs=’damon’
This will only return rows will the first_name matches damon exactly. Damon will not match.
You can also use latin1_bin which performs an exact binary match.
If you are unsure of a field or strings collation, you can use the COLLATION(str) function to return the collation of the string argument.
- The Remains of a Wrecked Datsun 260Z
- James Lee – Savetheplanetprotest.com – Rant (Copy) – List of Demands
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0.8843
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FineWeb
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["MySQL Character Sets and Collation", "Case-Sensitive Search", "Collation Functions"]
|
The following studies may be conducted to determine whether or not an agent is a teratogen:
- Animal studies
Animal studies are the primary study method to determine whether a medication, or other environmental exposure, is safe during human pregnancy. In the past, there have been medications on the market that humans used which caused birth defects, such as thalidomide in the 1960's. Thalidomide was removed from the market after several babies were born with missing and malformed limbs to mothers who took thalidomide early in pregnancy. Thalidomide has recently been approved by the FDA for the treatment of certain diseases, but it is only available by a physician's prescription.
- Observations from human exposure
Observations from human exposure (prior to federal regulations for drug testing) are another important way to determine whether a medication is a teratogen. The official criteria for determining whether an agent is teratogenic in humans was determined by Koch in 1971. They are known as Koch's Postulates:
- The agent must be present during the critical stage of development.
- The agent produces a particular pattern of birth defects in animal studies.
- The agent crosses the placenta and there is a dose-response relationship.
- There is an abrupt increase in the frequency of a particular defect or group of defects (syndrome).
- The increase of defects is associated with the use of a new drug or the widespread exposure to a chemical or environmental change.
- There is an absence of other factors to explain the observations.
- The mechanism of teratogenesis makes biological sense.
Prior to 1980, most medications included literature that stated that their use in pregnancy had not been approved. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has since created five drug categories, to designate the safety of medications for their use during pregnancy, including the following. Always consult your physician before taking any medication during pregnancy.
||Medication has not shown an increased risk for birth defects in human studies.
||Animal studies have not demonstrated a risk and there are no adequate studies in humans, OR animal studies have shown a risk, but the risk has not been seen in humans.
||Animal studies have shown adverse effects, but no studies are available in humans, OR studies in humans and animals are not available.
||Medications that are associated with birth defects in humans, however, there may be potential benefits in rare cases that outweigh their known risks.
||Medications are contraindicated (should not be used) in human pregnancy, because of known fetal abnormalities that have been demonstrated in both human and animal studies.
There have been thousands of medications studied over the years, and only about 30 to 40 have been found to have teratogenic effects in humans. It is always important, however, for a woman who thinks she could be pregnant, or is pregnant, to ask her physician about the safety of a medication or over-the-counter medication, vitamin, mineral, or herbal supplement before taking it.
Click here to view the
Online Resources of Medical Genetics
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0.9181
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FineWeb
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["Teratogen Studies", "Medication Safety During Pregnancy", "Teratogenic Effects"]
|
Date of Final Oral Examination (Defense)
Type of Culminating Activity
Master of Science in Civil Engineering
Arvin Farid, Ph.D.
Bhaskar Chittoori, Ph.D.
Jim Browning, Ph.D.
Electromagnetic (EM) waves of various power levels and frequencies can be used to alter the hydraulic conductivity of soil with minimal heat generation. The result can lead to a number of potential applications such as contamination remediation and liquefaction mitigation. In this research, the possibility of radio-frequency (RF) waves’ effect on the excess pore-water pressure (EPWP) generation and hydraulic conductivity of coarse-grained soils has been investigated.
Impact tests were performed on glass beads to examine the effect on the generation of EPWP due to RF waves. These tests were performed on a rigid box made of Plexiglas. The impacts were produced by shaking the box with periodic impact, and the generated EPWP was measured using a pore-water pressure (PWP) transducer. A loop antenna was installed inside the specimen to launch RF-waves. The RF-stimulated impact tests were performed at a constant frequency of 498 MHz and input power levels of 10, 25, 40, and 50 Watts. There were no noticeable changes observed in the EPWP generation within the glass-bead sample due to the application of RF waves.
In order to better understand the above-mentioned potential of using RF waves to mitigate liquefaction, a different set of experiments, hydraulic-conductivity measurements, were performed on two types of samples: (i) glass beads and (ii) natural sand. These tests were conducted using a customized, rigid-wall, cylindrical permeameter placed inside a box made of Plexiglas. Constant-head (D2434, ASTM, 2010) tests were performed to measure the hydraulic conductivity of these samples. The soil samples were placed within a cavity made of Plexiglas covered with transparent conductive film (resonant cavity). A chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC)-cased monopole antenna sharing the same electric ground as that of the cavity was placed within the soil sample at its center and used to launch RF waves. Various sets of tests were conducted to evaluate the effect of the power of RF waves on the change in the hydraulic conductivity. For both samples, the tests were conducted at a constant frequency of 726 MHz and input power levels of 10, 25, and 40 Watts. The hydraulic conductivity of both natural sand and glass-bead samples increased with the RF stimulation, and the increase was larger at higher RF power. At the input power of 40 Watts, the hydraulic conductivity of glass-bead sample increased by 8.7% of the unstimulated value, whereas the increase in natural-sand sample was only measured to be 25.4%.
Measurement of the electric-field component of RF waves was performed and plotted to verify the pattern of the electric field to evaluate both the impact and the hydraulic-conductivity tests. The electric field was simulated using COMSOL Multiphysics and validated against the experimentally measured electric field. In the case of the hydraulic-conductivity tests, a finite-difference numerical model was developed in MATLAB interface to analyze the seepage flow. This numerical model was also validated against experimentally measured hydraulic conductivity. This numerical model was then used to find the spatial variation of the hydraulic head within the soil specimen.
Acharya, Rakesh, "Electromagnetically Induced Alteration of Hydraulic Conductivity of Coarse-Grained Soils for Geotechnical Applications" (2016). Boise State University Theses and Dissertations. 1209.
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0.962
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FineWeb
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["Electromagnetic Waves", "Hydraulic Conductivity", "Liquefaction Mitigation"]
|
Summary: A new study reports two different gut bacteria are depleted in people with depression, regardless of antidepressant treatments.
The first population-level study on the link between gut bacteria and mental health identifies specific gut bacteria linked to depression and provides evidence that a wide range of gut bacteria can produce neuroactive compounds. Jeroen Raes (VIB-KU Leuven) and his team published these results today in the scientific journal Nature Microbiology.
In their manuscript entitled ‘The neuroactive potential of the human gut microbiota in quality of life and depression’ Jeroen Raes and his team studied the relation between gut bacteria and quality of life and depression. The authors combined faecal microbiome data with general practitioner diagnoses of depression from 1,054 individuals enrolled in the Flemish Gut Flora Project. They identified specific groups of microorganisms that positively or negatively correlated with mental health. The authors found that two bacterial genera, Coprococcus and Dialister, were consistently depleted in individuals with depression, regardless of antidepressant treatment. The results were validated in an independent cohort of 1,063 individuals from the Dutch LifeLinesDEEP cohort and in a cohort of clinically depressed patients at the University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium.
Prof Jeroen Raes (VIB-KU Leuven): ‘The relationship between gut microbial metabolism and mental health is a controversial topic in microbiome research. The notion that microbial metabolites can interact with our brain – and thus behaviour and feelings – is intriguing, but gut microbiome-brain communication has mostly been explored in animal models, with human research lagging behind. In our population-level study we identified several groups of bacteria that co-varied with human depression and quality of life across populations.’
Previously, Prof Raes and his team identified a microbial community constellation or enterotype characterized by low microbial count and biodiversity that was observed to be more prevalent among Crohn’s disease patients. In their current study, they surprisingly found a similar community type to be linked to depression and reduced quality of life.
Prof Jeroen Raes (VIB-KU Leuven): ‘This finding adds more evidence pointing to the potentially dysbiotic nature of the Bacteroides2 enterotype we identified earlier. Apparently, microbial communities that can be linked to intestinal inflammation and reduced wellbeing share a set of common features.’
The authors also created a computational technique allowing the identification of gut bacteria that could potentially interact with the human nervous system. They studied genomes of more than 500 bacteria isolated from the human gastrointestinal tract in their ability to produce a set of neuroactive compounds, assembling the first catalogue of neuroactivity of gut species. Some bacteria were found to carry a broad range of these functions.
Mireia Valles-Colomer (VIB-KU Leuven): ‘Many neuroactive compounds are produced in the human gut. We wanted to see which gut microbes could participate in producing, degrading, or modifying these molecules. Our toolbox not only allows to identify the different bacteria that could play a role in mental health conditions, but also the mechanisms potentially involved in this interaction with the host. For example, we found that the ability of microorganisms to produce DOPAC, a metabolite of the human neurotransmitter dopamine, was associated with better mental quality of life.’
These findings resulted from bioinformatics analyses and will need to be confirmed experimentally, however, they will help direct and accelerate future human microbiome-brain research.
Jeroen Raes and his team are now preparing another sampling round of the Flemish Gut Flora Project that is going to start next spring, five years after the first sampling effort.
Source: Sooike Stoops – VIB
Publisher: Organized by NeuroscienceNews.com.
Image Source: NeuroscienceNews.com image is in the public domain.
Original Research: Abstract for “The neuroactive potential of the human gut microbiota in quality of life and depression” by Mireia Valles-Colomer, Gwen Falony, Youssef Darzi, Ettje F. Tigchelaar, Jun Wang, Raul Y. Tito, Carmen Schiweck, Alexander Kurilshikov, Marie Joossens, Cisca Wijmenga, Stephan Claes, Lukas Van Oudenhove, Alexandra Zhernakova, Sara Vieira-Silva & Jeroen Raes in Nature Microbiology. Published February 4 2019.
The neuroactive potential of the human gut microbiota in quality of life and depression
The relationship between gut microbial metabolism and mental health is one of the most intriguing and controversial topics in microbiome research. Bidirectional microbiota–gut–brain communication has mostly been explored in animal models, with human research lagging behind. Large-scale metagenomics studies could facilitate the translational process, but their interpretation is hampered by a lack of dedicated reference databases and tools to study the microbial neuroactive potential. Surveying a large microbiome population cohort (Flemish Gut Flora Project, n = 1,054) with validation in independent data sets (ntotal = 1,070), we studied how microbiome features correlate with host quality of life and depression. Butyrate-producing Faecalibacterium and Coprococcus bacteria were consistently associated with higher quality of life indicators. Together with Dialister, Coprococcus spp. were also depleted in depression, even after correcting for the confounding effects of antidepressants. Using a module-based analytical framework, we assembled a catalogue of neuroactive potential of sequenced gut prokaryotes. Gut–brain module analysis of faecal metagenomes identified the microbial synthesis potential of the dopamine metabolite 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid as correlating positively with mental quality of life and indicated a potential role of microbial γ-aminobutyric acid production in depression. Our results provide population-scale evidence for microbiome links to mental health, while emphasizing confounder importance.
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0.6852
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FineWeb
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["Gut Bacteria", "Depression", "Mental Health"]
|
In this section
What is herpangina?
Herpangina is an illness caused by a virus, characterized by small blister-like bumps or ulcers that appear in the mouth, usually in the back of throat or the roof of the mouth. The child often has a high fever with the illness.
What causes herpangina?
Herpangina is caused by a virus. The most common viruses that cause herpangina include the following:
- Coxsackie virus
Herpangina is a very common disease in children and is usually seen in children between the ages of 1 and 4. It is seen most often in the summer and fall. Good handwashing is necessary to help prevent the spread of the disease.
What are the symptoms of herpangina?
The following are the most common symptoms of herpangina. However, each child may experience symptoms differently. Symptoms may include:
- Blister-like bumps in the mouth, usually in the back of the throat and on the roof of the mouth
- Quick onset of fever
- High fever, sometimes up to 106 º F.
- Pain in the mouth or throat
- Decrease in appetite
How is herpangina diagnosed?
Herpangina is usually diagnosed based on a complete history and physical examination of your child. The lesions of herpangina are unique and usually allow for a diagnosis simply on physical examination.
Treatment for herpangina:
Specific treatment for herpangina will be determined by your child's physician based on:
- Your child's age, overall health, and medical history
- Extent of the disease
- Your child's tolerance for specific medications, procedures or therapies
- Expectations for the course of the disease
- Your opinion or preference
The goal of treatment for herpangina is to help decrease the severity of the symptoms. Since it is a viral infection, antibiotics are ineffective. Treatment may include:
- Increased fluid intake
- Aacetaminophen for any fever
Proper handwashing is essential in helping to prevent the disease from being spread to other children.
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0.9982
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FineWeb
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["What is herpangina?", "Symptoms of herpangina", "Treatment for herpangina"]
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World Academic Union
In this paper, the authors present a new STAKCERT KDD processes for worm detection. The enhancement introduced in the data-preprocessing resulted in the formation of a new STAKCERT model for worm detection. In this paper, they explained in detail how all the processes involved in the STAKCERT KDD processes are applied within the STAKCERT model for worm detection. Based on the experiment conducted, the STAKCERT model yielded a 98.13% accuracy rate for worm detection by integrating the STAKCERT KDD processes.
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0.9998
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FineWeb
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["STAKCERT KDD processes", "Worm detection", "STAKCERT model"]
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Treatment for eating disorders should typically include Intuitive eating. Intuitive eating teaches you how to create a healthy relationship with your food, mind, and body–where you ultimately become the expert of your own body. You learn how to distinguish between physical and emotional feelings, and gain a sense of body wisdom. It‘s also a process of making peace with food—so that you no longer have constant “food worry” thoughts. It’s knowing that your health and your worth as a person do not change, because you ate a food that you had labeled as “bad” or “fattening”. This Scale can help.
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0.9556
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FineWeb
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```
[
"Intuitive Eating",
"Healthy Relationship with Food",
"Body Wisdom"
]
```
|
What is the difference between galvanized and galvalume metal roofing?
Saturday, July 28, 2018
Both types of metal roof panel are a sheet of steel with a rust-resistant coating. For many years the standard coating technique was galvanization, which is a hot dip in molten zinc. The zinc bonds with the steel and forms a distinct crystalline surface pattern after exposure to air, called “spangles.”
In the early 1970s, Bethlehem Steel introduced an alternate rust-resistant coating that they trademarked as Galvalume®, which is a combination of zinc and aluminum, with a trace amount of silicon. The vast majority of metal roofs in our area have been galvalume since the mid-1990s because of its longer lifespan.
But both materials have pros and cons, and galvanized is still the predominant choice for applications other than roofing, such as agricultural and livestock structures:
- Coating more resistant to damage during bending or cutting
- Less expensive
- Has distinct spangle pattern and bright metal color when new, like in the close-up photo above.
- Better paint adhesion
- Lasts only a little more than half as long as galvalume
- Less resistant to corrosion due to rain and coastal salt air
- Lasts almost twice as long
- More resistant to corrosion due to rain and coastal salt air
- Coating more easily damaged during bending or cutting
- More expensive
- Muted spangle pattern and softer, gray metal color when new, like in the photo at the top of the page
- Not as good paint adhesion
Because any installation work that disturbs the rust-resistant coating will open up an area for early corrosion, it is always better to cut metal roofing with shears rather than a saw, which tears away the coating near the saw cut. Also, screws have replaced nailing as a method to secure the panels to the roof deck. A screw holds the panel snug and a neoprene washer under the screw head covers and seals the small area of coating damage at the screw penetration. Nails had the annoying tendency to loosen and gradually pop up over the years, making numerous tiny openings in the roof, like in the photo below.
The next two photos show rust at galvanized metal roofing at the bottom panels due to damage of coating when cutting panel, and corrosion behind chimney due to acidity of wet leaves accumulated behind chimney deteriorating the coating.
Also see our blog post Can metal roofing be used on a low slope/pitch roof?
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
To learn more about roofs and attics, see these other blog posts:
How To Look At A House
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of Blog Posts
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["Galvanized Metal Roofing", "Galvalume Metal Roofing", "Metal Roofing Comparison"]
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Design And Construction
GR Engineering primarily delivers its projects via EPC turnkey design and construction arrangements and is focused on delivering its projects utilising in-house design and construction resources. The Company is also well placed to offer its services under traditional EPCM contracting arrangements.
GR Engineering has the capability to carry out all engineering design using in-house personnel including process, civil, structural, mechanical, piping, electrical and instrumentation / control design. Site structural, mechanical, piping and electrical construction and installation works are also carried out using directly employed GR Engineering personnel. Bulk earthworks and civil works are normally subcontracted to qualified, approved and well known subcontractors.
This delivery mechanism has significant advantages, including:
- enhanced safety;
- cost efficiencies;
- schedule savings;
- elimination of interface issues;
- enhanced quality;
- less site personnel via more efficient utilisation of labour;
- improved planning and less construction equipment on site;
- ensuring a single provider of all process warranties and performance guarantees; and
- elimination of cross discipline variations.
Design and Construction Services provided by GR Engineering include:
- design and construction of minerals processing facilities and associated infrastructure for complete greenfields or brownfields projects including plant modifications, upgrades and expansions;
- plant evaluation and condition reports;
- plant operations and maintenance support and optimisation;
- plant relocation, refurbishment and recommissioning; and
- provision of owners representatives and teams for project management and delivery.
GR Engineering provides its services for projects associated with a wide range of precious, bulk and industrial commodities.
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0.5371
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["Design and Construction", "Engineering Services", "Project Management"]
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Gulliver’s Travels Questions Part III, Chapters 1-3: How does Gulliver get to Laputa?
1.How does Gulliver get to Laputa?
2. How does Laputa differ from a normal country?
3. How do the people differ from those in most countries?
4. What unusual kind of servants do the better-off Laputans have?
5. What is unusual about Laputan food and clothing?
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1
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FineWeb
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["Getting to Laputa", "Differences from Normal Countries", "Unusual Aspects of Laputan Life"]
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I don’t really know why you would want to build a city on a Kuiper Belt Object (KBO), but then again, I’m not an alien.
Loeb and Turner (2012) make an argument that artificial lighting could be a good universal “lamppost”: something that all technologically advanced species would do so as not to be subject to the whims of a diurnal cycle. I can think of quite a few problems with that: a species that evolved in a sub-surface ocean, species on tidally-locked worlds that never had a diurnal cycle, the ever-popular “post-biological life”, etc.
But okay, sure, let’s say everyone needs street-lamps. With current technology, we would be able to detect artificial lighting (on the scale of a large terrestrial city) on KBOs in our own solar system. Regardless of plausibility, that’s pretty cool!
That part is in bold because it’s obviously the way this paper came about. I don’t think there are any good arguments for why KBOs are the best place to search for extraterrestrial life. I’m open to being proven wrong, but the paper reads as a fun thought experiment based on a new technological capability rather than any serious suggestion for how humanity can find another intelligent species.
The authors discuss a characteristic “flux-distance signature” that an artificially illuminated object would have. Based on a double r^2 relation (one in sunlight reaching the object, one for the backscattered light), a KBO that’s just reflecting naturally due to its albedo should increase in brightness by a factor of r^4 as it comes closer to the sun. Meanwhile, an object dominated by artificial illumination would only increase by r^2 as its source of luminosity approaches. Thus, if we notice any objects with this r^2 relation, we should really take note because that would be really weird.
The authors also discuss caveats and confounders of this idea (phase angles, outgassing, albedo variations, rotation, binary companions…), but indicate that all of these should be periodic with the exception of outgassing and should average out over years of observation. They also briefly talk about how this idea could be applied to exoplanets (with phase curves and such), but it doesn’t seem like the the technology is there yet.
This definitely felt to me like a good example of Davies and Wagner’s proposal of cost before plausibility in SETI work (discussed in a previous post). They outline the logic behind the method pretty well, but if they were actually interested in the results instead of the theory they should’ve looked more into which pre-existing datasets could be used to attempt this kind of work. Because if someone* was interested in actually testing this idea, and not waiting for LSST etc., it would be nice to be able to hit the ground running on it.
As I indicated in my first sentence, I don’t really see a reason why there should be artificial lights on a KBO. They’re cold, they’re small, they don’t have thick atmospheres, they have no access to non-Kuiper Belt resources (what, you wanted something other than ice and dust?), etc. That said, if the search is easy to do and we can clear out some parameter space… perhaps it’s worthwhile.
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0.6421
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["Kuiper Belt Objects", "Artificial Lighting Detection", "Search for Extraterrestrial Life"]
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IN 1996 Alan Greenspan began asking why the flashy information technology spreading across America seemed not to be lifting productivity. He was not the first to wonder. A decade earlier Robert Solow, a Nobel prizewinner, famously remarked that computers were everywhere but in the statistics. But Mr Greenspan was uniquely positioned, as the chairman of the Federal Reserve, to experiment on the American economy. As the unemployment rate dropped to levels that might normally trigger a phalanx of interest-rate rises, Mr Greenspan’s Fed moved cautiously, betting that efficiencies from new IT would keep price pressures in check. The result was the longest period of rapid growth since the early 1960s. Despite his success, few central bankers seem eager to repeat the experiment and many remain blinkered to issues other than inflation and employment. That is unfortunate. A little faith in technology could go a long way.
Central bankers are not known to be a visionary bunch. Turning new ideas into more...Continue reading
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0.5233
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FineWeb
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["Productivity and Technology", "Economic Growth", "Central Banking"]
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Exercise Reduces the Urge to Smoke
Craving a cigarette? Try hitting the gym. Researchers found that short bouts of exercise reduce people's desire to smoke, by a large amount. It's unclear why this works so well, though it may be that exercise acts as a distraction or boosts the mood without nicotine. The evidence suggests aerobic exercise may kick cravings better than strength training, but more research is needed for verification.
Source: Addiction, published online Aug. 2, 2012
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0.7153
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["Exercise and Smoking", "Reducing Cravings", "Health Benefits"]
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The medical field, including the mental health field, typically addresses curative problems as opposed to preventative. Curative refers to problems only after they have reached a diagnosable clinical level. Oftentimes, people wait for their problems to reach the clinic/curative level before coming in for treatment. This can result in longer, more intensive and expensive treatment. What can you look out for when it comes to knowing when to come in?
- Has your child’s problem become too frequent (i.e., more than 2x a week)?
- Has your child’s problem become severe (i.e., even if not occurring frequently, when it comes, does it come with a very high intensity)?
- Do you find your child’s self-report is inconsistent with the school’s report?
- Does your child ask for outside help?
- Pay attention to your parental intuition. Clinical psychologists/mental health providers may be the experts in anxiety, depression and behavior, but you are the expert in your child. If your alarms go off (even in the slightest bit), it’s time to pay attention now, and not wait until the alarm is glaring.
- Has school mentioned more than 1x that your child demonstrates anxious, depressed or behavioral problems?
- Has school asked for a meeting with you about your child’s behavior or anxiety/depression?
If you answer “yes” to any of these questions, it may be time to seek professional help. Remember that if you get help sooner rather than later you can reduce expense, duration, and intensity of treatment.
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0.8
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FineWeb
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["Identifying Warning Signs", "Seeking Professional Help", "Preventative Measures"]
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- Preheat the oven to 220°C and line a large baking tray with baking paper.
- Mix together the flour and salt in a large bowl. Add the butter, and then get the kids to use their fingertips to combine with the flour until the mixture resembles breadcrumbs.
- Add most of the Bega Farmers’ Tasty Cheese (keep about a tablespoon for later), and then stir through with a flat bladed knife. Pour in the milk and continue to mix with the knife until a dough forms.
- Place the dough onto a lightly floured surface and use a rolling pin to roll out the dough until it is 2cm thick. Use a 5cm round cutter to cut out rounds from the dough. Press any left-over dough together, and then cut out rounds as above.
- Place the scones onto a prepared tray 1cm apart. Brush the tops of the scones with milk and bake for 8 minutes. Carefully remove from the oven and sprinkle over the remaining cheese. Return to the oven and bake for a further 2-4 minutes or until well risen and golden.
- Remove the scones from the oven and transfer to a wire rack to cool for 5 minutes. Eat the scones warm or at room temperature.
- These tasty scones make a great mid-morning snack. Try spreading with Western Star Spreadable and serving with pink lady apple slices.
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0.6053
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FineWeb
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```
{
"topics": [
"Baking Scones",
"Scone Ingredients",
"Serving Suggestions"
]
}
```
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Of moms and men: what two small words reveal about big social changes
The Oxford English Dictionary’s evidence files reveal an interesting trend: in recent years, the number of phrases designating types of mothers (on the model of [X] mother) has grown much faster than the number of comparable terms for fathers. Since 1990, OED has tracked roughly 40% more maternal terms than their paternal counterparts. But why are there more kinds of mothers than fathers?
From soccer moms to yummy mummies
Mom’s high lexical profile dates back at least as far as the 1996 US Presidential election, when a new demographic group, the suburban soccer mom, was regarded as a crucial category of swing voter (although the term itself goes back much further, to 1973). Since then, pollsters, pundits, and politicians have coined ever more variations on the theme, describing post-9/11 security moms, northern hockey moms, and pervasive minivan moms. In the UK, where impossibly attractive female parents are yummy mummies, that convenient rhyme has also begotten the hapless slummy mummy and the misguided chummy mummy. Most recently, the stereotype of the pushy Chinese Tiger Mother, coined in the title of Amy Chua’s book, has dominated playground conversations from Los Angeles to London, as parents debate the relative merits of a demanding, allegedly Asian method of child-rearing and a lenient so-called Western style. The speed with which this term leapt from publisher press-release to common parlance suggests that it struck a deep chord in contemporary society.
Of course, when it comes to compounds, nouns can be modifier (mom [X]) as well as modified. Thus, maternal neologizing has brought us unfashionable mom jeans and unsightly mummy tummies. Women who cease working to spend time with their young children are on the mommy track, and may choose to write a mommy blog. In most cases, we see versions of these terms with both the American mom/mommy and the British mum/mummy, suggesting that similar forces are in play on both sides of the Atlantic. It is tempting to chalk this international lexical explosion up to yet another mom term: the so-called mommy wars between stay-at-home mothers and their working counterparts. As a new generation of mothers navigates between the twin shoals of neglectful career mom and overbearing helicopter parent, new terminology is spawned of necessity by a language struggling to stay abreast. Of course there are new dad phrases in the OED files as well (dad dancing is among the better attested ones), but not as many. Another masculine word, however, has been dwarfing both parents as a creator of new words and compounds: man.
Man has begotten a bevy of new phrases in recent years. In fact, a semi-scientific survey of the OED files shows as many compounds built on man– as on mother words and father words combined. Manbag, a man’s handbag, hit the scene in 1968, and there has been an avalanche of similar formations in the years since. Many of these follow the example of man bag in referring to a male version of something typically regarded as feminine, like mandal (a blend of man and sandal), or man boobs (self-explanatory; aka moobs). Some man- words reveal consciousness of a potential homosexual subtext, like man hug (denoting a half-handshake/half-embrace between two men; aka bro hug) or man date; others, like man cave or man flu, denote amusing male peculiarities. What all of these terms share (besides their first three letters) is a sense of modern masculinity as an area of flux and re-examination. Like motherhood, manhood is a popular topic of conversation today simply because we have so much to say about it, and our vocabulary is doing its best to keep up. Cultural change, as always, is the mother of lexical invention.
The opinions and other information contained in OxfordWords blog posts and comments do not necessarily reflect the opinions or positions of Oxford University Press.
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0.578
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FineWeb
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["Motherhood", "Fatherhood", "Masculinity"]
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We understand that students may change their minds about taking a certain course. It is important to consult with the director of undergraduate studies in your department or an assistant dean in the College before making a well-informed decision on this matter, particularly because such a decision could have implications on your ability to graduate on time.
The following guidelines may help you discern if adding/dropping a class is the right course of action for you.
During the first six class days:
- You may add and/or drop courses from your schedule on your own using NOVO. (Note: Some classes have registration restrictions and you may need to request departmental approval before adding; these restrictions are noted in the Course Descriptions in Browse Classes and Class Search.)
After the sixth day of classes:
- All changes to your schedule must be made using the Add/Drop eForm available in the eForms app in InsideND. These changes require the approval of your advising dean and the department hosting the course you wish to drop.
- Semester-long courses cannot be added to your schedule.
- You may add to your schedule late-starting courses that have not yet begun using the Add/Drop eForm.
After the drop deadline (usually the Friday after Fall or Spring Break):
- No courses may be dropped from your schedule.
- Classes that remain on your schedule after this deadline must be completed.
- You may drop certain late-starting courses which have later drop deadlines; these later deadlines can be found in the Course Descriptions in Browse Classes and Class Search.
- You must carry a minimum of 12 credits every semester.
- A course load of less than 12 credits is considered part-time status and is only approved for students in their graduating semester.
- A course load of greater than 17 credits is considered an overload and requires that you seek permission from your advising dean in person.
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FineWeb
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```json
[
"Adding and Dropping Courses",
"Course Schedule Changes",
"Academic Course Load"
]
```
|
Futuristic Electric Airplanes
Airplanes have come a long way since the first flight in 1903. They fly farther and faster than ever before. They also dump tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere every day, burning up fossil fuels and polluting the planet. Airlines and other companies are teaming up to find a solution. Innovative new designs for electric airplanes could change the way people travel within the next few years. Someday you might hop on an airplane for a short trip instead of driving. Or, you might hover over city streets in an air taxi. The future of flight is exciting and looks electric.
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0.8829
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FineWeb
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["Electric Airplanes", "Sustainable Aviation", "Future of Flight"]
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SAN FRANCISCO—A lesson plan for the San Francisco Unified School District has been proposed to teachers to help navigate classroom discussions about president-elect Donald Trump. The opening letter to teachers describes Trump as a racist, sexist man that won the election by “pandering to a huge racist and sexist base.” The plan was initially written by a SF teacher after the election to help teachers to answer questions of their students following the election results. It has since been sent via email to more than 6,000 school district members by the United Educators of San Francisco (UESF).
Fakhra Shah, a social studies teacher at Mission High School wrote the lesson plan at 2:00 a.m. following the election. She indicated that she had no intentions of the lesson plan spreading throughout the city and that it was the teacher’s union that was responsible for the distribution.
“We’re calling him out,” states Shah, “if he’s our president, I have the right to hold him accountable and ask him to take a stance that is anti-hate and anti-racist.” In the lesson plan, she states that teacher’s have the jurisdictions to set their own “norms” and to prohibit their students from “swearing.”
Some of the objectives in the lesson plan include:
- Students expressing their personal experiences with discrimination
- A deeper understanding behind the motivation of Trump supporters
- An American context of racial violence, sexism, etc.
Shah includes resources, lesson plans with sources such as a documentary by Michael Moore, and the focus of creating a learning environment where the youth are not penalized for the way they express themselves in terms of discrimination.
Since the release of this lesson plan, other union members have come forward to express their viewpoints on the matter. Vice President of the Board of Education Shamann Walton is concerned with history repeating itself stating: “In order for us to avoid all of that darkness in all of our too recent history, we cannot sit idly by and pretend that this is not hurtful.”
Republicans have revealed antipodal opinions on the matter. Republican National Committee Harmeet Dhillon defined the lesson plan as, “inappropriate propaganda that unfairly demonizes not only the campaign that Donald Trump, the winner, ran, but also all of the people who voted for him.”
The UESF posted an explanation of the lesson plan on their website on Friday, November 18 stating: “Following a bitter and divisive presidential campaign, during which our President-elect made a series of racist, sexist, and xenophobic remarks, many of our students have expressed feelings of fear, intimidation, and uncertainty.”
In addition to that statement, the UESF also provided support for those who were in favor of Trump writing that students “should be protected from intimidation and fear and their voice should be included in all discussions about the presidential race and the future.”
The UESF plans on creating a committee of “rank-and-file educators” to ensure age-appropriate lesson plans synchronously with current events.
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0.7354
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FineWeb
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["Election aftermath", "Lesson plan controversy", "Trump presidency"]
|
Garter snakes, commonly known as 'garden snakes', belong to the family Colubridae. They are commonly found in North America. They are also referred to as 'gardener snakes'. They, like all other snakes, are carnivorous. They are opportunistic feeders. Generally, they tend to eat whatever they can easily overpower. They are immune to the toxic skin secretions of toads and, therefore, can eat toads without any harm. Mostly, they catch live prey. However, they may eat eggs and carrion, especially if live prey is not easily available..
A typical menu for Garter Snakes would include:
- Small rodents like mice, rabbits,etc.
- Snails and slugs
- Frogs, tadpoles, and frog spawn
- Insects like ants
- Small reptiles like lizards
- Fish (when living close to water bodies)
- Eggs, nestlings and small birds
Garden snakes usually hunt in the early morning, late afternoon and early evening, when the temperature is warm. They find their prey using their good sense of smell. They use various hunting methods such as ambushing, craning and peering, in order to capture the prey. They immobilize their prey with their sharp teeth and quick reflexes. Their saliva may be slightly toxic to some of their smaller prey. These snakes swallow their food whole. If the prey is small, it is immediately swallowed alive. If the prey is large, the garden snake unhinges its jaws to ease swallowing. With this ability, the garden snake can swallow a wide variety of prey.
Owing to the low toxicity of their venom, garter snakes are usually harmless to humans. They, therefore, make good pets. However, venomous or not, it is never a good idea to keep reptiles as pets in households that have small children. Kids are seldom able to handle these creatures properly and, hence, run a high risk of getting nasty, painful bites.
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0.9974
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FineWeb
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["Garter Snake Characteristics", "Diet and Hunting", "Safety and Pets"]
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With leadership, one is inevitably confronted with paradoxes that challenge the limits of familiar solutions.
The word paradox originates from the Greek words para (beyond) and doxa (belief). Examples of paradoxes faced by leaders include the paradox of continuity and change, planning and action, equality and efficiency, and between leading with certainty and doubt. In leading across boundaries, leaders are confronted with multiple paradoxes – between cultural forces of individualism and collectivism, achievement and ascription, long and short term orientation, low and high power distance. Such paradoxes can be daunting for leaders who are often trained to lead with fixed solutions and models.
Unlike distinct and solvable problems for which an either/or decision may be chosen, paradoxical situations require leaders to see situations from multiple perspectives. As Jim Collins and Jerry Porras observed, it requires leaders to reject the ‘tyranny of the OR’ and embrace the genius of the AND” – a boundary-spanning mindset as opposed to a bounded perspective. A boundary-spanning mindset views paradox, not as a problem to be resolved, but as generative force for learning and change. It accepts both ends of a paradox, even though they seem contradictory ,and seeks higher unifying principles to understand it.
The great Danish scientist Niels Bohr exemplified this mindset. A winner of the 1922 Nobel prize, Bohr has been described as a leader who has made one of the most influential advances in quantum mechanics. In a biography on Bohr, Ruth Moore describes how in a situational impasse and heated debate with his peers, Bohr proclaimed,
“How wonderful that we’ve met with a paradox. Now we have some hope of making some progress!”
The process of working through paradox can help leaders overcome isolated perceptions and identify new ways of integrating different goals and perspectives.
By embracing a boundary-spanning mindset, leaders can tap into the generative potential of paradox for change.
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0.6694
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FineWeb
|
```json
[
"Leadership Paradoxes",
"Boundary-Spanning Mindset",
"Embracing Paradox for Change"
]
```
|
PhD fellow: Siyu Qin
Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (Germany)
Before COUPLED, I was working at Conservation International’s Moore Center for Science as a researcher and project manager. My work involved research, technical assistance, and capacity building to advance the understanding and governing of Protected Area Downgrading Downsizing and Degazettement (PADDD) and conservation beyond protected areas. Through those projects, I had the opportunity to explore the history and local context of conservation interventions and policies in the Amazon and other tropical countries. I also interned at WWF-US on land use scenario development for ecosystem services modeling, right after I earned my Master of Environmental Management from Duke University in 2015.
The past three years on international conservation and area-based approaches naturally prepared me and led me to the COUPLED project “Understanding Conservation Coupling.” I am intrigued by the spatial/social context as well as the bargaining process leading to the adoption and abandonment of conservation interventions, and how international funding and discussions influence such decisions. Specifically, I find it exciting to (re)connect conservation research with land system science and sustainability science to explore how to balance human resource use and the protection of nature. My project will combine place-based approach with network analysis to link the flows of information and funding with conserved lands and outcomes.
My research will provide information for better decisions on effective and just conservation in dynamic landscapes with multiple stakeholders, in a telecoupled world.
Land use is the number one driver of the global extinction crisis. Understanding how land use affects biodiversity, what the trade-offs between land use and conservation are, and which conservation measures effectively mitigate biodiversity loss is therefore important. Conservation initiatives and funding often come to regions in need of conservation from external places, both within countries and beyond, e.g., via large-scale international conservation organizations or payment for ecosystem services schemes. This forges conservation telecouplings.
This research project will:
- Map conservation lands (including public and private reserves, indigenous areas, ecosystem services areas) and associated conservation actors for the South American cattle/soybean deforestation frontiers (Amazonia, Gran Chaco, Cerrado).
- Quantify how changes in the networks of capital and information that link actors in Europe and elsewhere to these conservation landscapes relate to changes in the extent and status of conservation lands.
- Compile indicators on deforestation, protected area effectiveness, and land prices to evaluate how this affects competition between conservation and other land uses in Europe and South America’s arc of deforestation.
In doing so, the research project will create a basic understanding of telecouplings activated through conservation, develop tools to link place-based and network-based analyses, and gain insights on how conservation organizations and policy makers can avoid unwanted outcomes and spill-over effects.
Principal Supervisor: Tobias Kuemmerle (Humboldt University Berlin, Geography Department & IRI THESys)
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0.8352
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FineWeb
|
```json
[
"Conservation Telecouplings",
"Land Use and Biodiversity",
"Sustainable Conservation Practices"
]
```
|
Have you ever felt embarrassed or self-conscious about your teeth? Do yellowing and staining on your teeth make you reluctant to show your full smile? If so, professional teeth whitening (bleaching) is the perfect cosmetic treatment for you. Teeth whitening is a simple yet effective cosmetic dental treatment that can noticeably whiten your teeth and boost your self-esteem. Our professional teeth whitening services can lessen the appearance of discoloration and stains that are the result of various factors, including:
- Consumption of certain foods and drinks, such as coffee, tea, soda, and wine, as well as highly pigmented foods like berries
- Tobacco use
- The natural aging process
Our caring dentists are pleased to provide professional teeth whitening to help you achieve the radiant, bright smile you deserve. You can rest assured that our teeth whitening services are both effective and safe – you will see noticeable results after just one or two treatments, and you have no need to worry about damaging the enamel of the teeth through bleaching. For more information on our professional teeth whitening services, we invite you to contact us.
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0.6675
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FineWeb
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```json
[
"Teeth Whitening",
"Causes of Teeth Discoloration",
"Professional Teeth Whitening Services"
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```
|
An Antarctic ice sheet found to be less resistant to warming temperatures than previously thought could raise sea levels by as much as five metres if it melts, scientists have warned.
Ice sheets in Greenland and West Antarctica were known to be shrinking but the East Antarctic was thought to be far more stable.
However, in a new paper published in the journal Nature, a research team found the East Antarctic ice sheet has actually been sensitive to climate change for millions of years.
This instability could mean the ice sheet is more susceptible to current global warming than previously thought. Alarmingly, the sheet contains enough frozen water to engulf the world’s coastal cities, if it ever melted.
“We have evidence for a very dynamic ice sheet that grew and shrank significantly,” said Professor Sean Gulick, a geophysicist at the University of Texas Institute for Geophysics and one of the study’s authors.
The research team focused on Antarctica’s Sabrina Coast, collecting geophysical and geological data during the first ever oceanographic survey of the region.
“There is enough ice in our study region alone to raise global sea level by as much as 15 feet (5 metres),” said co-lead author Dr Amelia Shevenell, a researcher at the University of South Florida.
However, the concern is that as climate change raises air temperatures, the glaciers of the East Antarctic could return to their historical instability and begin melting again.
“A lot of what we are seeing right now in the coastal regions is that warming ocean waters are melting Antarctica’s glaciers and ice shelves, but this process may just be the beginning,” said Dr Shevenell.
“Once you have that combination of ocean heat and atmospheric heat – which are related – that’s when the ice sheet could really experience dramatic ice mass loss.”
“This has some worrying implications for future sea level changes,” agreed British Antarctic Survey glaciologist Dr Hilmar Gudmundsson, who was not involved in the study.
Professor Andrew Shepherd, an Earth observation researcher at the University of Leeds who was also not involved in the study, said the research changes common perceptions of climate change in Antarctica.
“Evidence of past instability means that we should not think of the East Antarctic ice sheet as being immune to the effects of climate change, as people have tended to do,” he said.
However, he noted that the melting of the East Antarctic ice sheet is not inevitable.
“It doesn’t mean that we should expect future change, it just means we should not rule it out,” he said.
Nevertheless, this research is a valuable contribution to scientific understanding of climate change in polar regions.
“The past behaviour and dynamics of the Antarctic ice sheets are among the most important open questions in the scientific understanding of how the polar regions help to regulate global climate,” said Jennifer Burns, director of the National Science Foundation Antarctic Integrated Science System Program.
“This research provides an important piece to help solve that massive puzzle.”
|
0.6012
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FineWeb
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```json
[
"Climate Change",
"Antarctic Ice Sheet",
"Sea Level Rise"
]
```
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Any goods-based business needs to protect inventory. Many businesses use warehouses and other large commercial buildings to produce, assemble, package, and ship products to customers. Maintaining the climate inside these buildings is often crucial to protecting your products. In some industries, failing to do so can lead to stiff penalties and can even put some businesses’ futures in jeopardy.
Companies that produce or handle goods like medical equipment or supplies, perishable foods, mechanical assemblies, and various other products must ensure their buildings are the appropriate temperature for housing these products. A warehouse full of perishable food quickly becomes a breeding ground for bacteria and disease if the temperature in the space exceeds acceptable levels. This can potentially harm customers or even workers in the building. When businesses fail to maintain the quality of their products, they often suffer serious financial backlash as well as damage to their reputations.
How Fans Can Help
Every business has operating costs, and most companies with large warehouses and other commercial facilities typically have to spend quite a bit on their utility bills. Heating and cooling enormous warehouses is not cheap, and high-volume, low-speed (HVLS) fans offer a fantastic solution. Most HVLS fans can integrate into a building’s existing climate control system, so operators won’t have to worry about complex configurations or clunky installations.
HVLS fans have much longer, wider blades than typical ceiling fans and can move very large quantities of air using very little energy. While some HVLS fans feature geared motors for more control, these gearboxes generate friction and heat, ultimately consuming more energy. Direct-drive motors operate more consistently and generate very little friction. The large fan blades keep interior temperatures more consistent by recirculating the air in the space.
Controlling Temperature and Air Quality
As the air inside an interior space warms up, it begins to rise. Eventually, the temperature at ground level will be much cooler than the temperature closer to the ceiling. While this may sound like it would be more comfortable to the workers on the ground, this presents several problems. First, since that warm air continues to rise, the building’s heating and cooling system must work extra hard to keep pumping temperate air into the space. Since the air has nowhere to go, it stagnates and can lead to diminished air quality throughout the space. This is stratification, or the separation of air into layers according to temperature.
Stratified air can carry bacteria, fungal spores, and other disease-causing particles that may cause illness when inhaled. Additionally, stale air can damage the structures, machines, and goods stored in a space. HVLS fans move the air inside the space and keep things cool so your heating and cooling system won’t have to work as hard. Additionally, you can operate our HVLS fans in reverse for the opposite effect, blowing the warm air at the ceiling back down toward the cooler ground level in the winter to save money.
Protect Inventory and Your Employees
Air circulation helps keep the air throughout an interior space at a consistent temperature, reducing the likelihood of damage to your products and supplies. It’s also important to remember that buildings with concrete floors require careful humidity control. A humid area with concrete floors can cause “Sweating Slab Syndrome.” This phenomenon describes concrete becoming slippery due to humidity in the surrounding air, presenting a significant hazard to your employees.
Your inventory is crucial to your business, and one of the most important parts of your operation is how you store and protect your products. HVLS fans offer an energy-efficient and effective solution by maintaining the air quality and humidity levels and keeping the interior spaces of your facilities at consistent, comfortable temperatures.
Questions? We got solutions.
Get answers about our products before you buy.
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Date of Award
Master of Science (MS)
Nacir M. Tit
Well logging technique is used to determine the physical and chemical properties of borehole formation, by using neutron porosity oil well logging tools. The present study simplifies logging tool design in order to reduce the time spent on obtaining well logging. We have combined both carbon/oxygen (C/O) tool and thermal neutron porosity tool. This has been done by adding boron lining on the detectors in C/O tool, where the boron lining acts as a thermal neutron porosity tool while maintaining C/O functions simultaneously. The Monte Carlo N-Particle (MCNP) Transport Code, which was originally developed in Los Alamos National Laboratory, is used to investigate the combined tool response. The combined tool is employed to detect the effect of porosity. The effects of several factors, such as (i) the source-to-detector spacing, (ii) borehole salinity, (iii) capture cross section, (iv) boron lining thickness, (v) formation salinity, (vi) borehole salinity, (vii) temperature, and (viii) the casing on the detection sensitivity are investigated. The results show that the number of detected gamma rays is proportional to the porosity. Furthermore, a sensitivity measure (i.e., the sensitivity ratio) is defined and used to characterize the detectors sensitivity to the porosity. The effects of various factors on the sensitivity are studied and the response function is found to be very sensitive to the porosity especially in the domain of low values of it. The temperature factor was only examined to assess its effect on the nucleus speed. However, the results of our simulations showed that the temperature has very little minor effect. Evidently, the tool is sensitive to the porosity while maintaining all the functions of the C/O tool, which suggests that the boron lining can efficiently serve as a replacement of the porosity tool.
Al Muraikhi, Entisar Ali, "Optimization of A Combined Carbon/Oxygen And Neutron Porosity Oil Well Logging Tool" (2017). Theses. 624.
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People who survive six months or longer after suffering traumatic brain injuries continue to remain at risk for premature death long after their injury, according to a study published Wednesday by the American Medical Association.
The study, led by Dr. Seena Fazel at the University of Oxford in England, used data from Sweden going back to 1954. With data from such a long time period, the research team was able to draw conclusions about the long-term consequences of moderate to severe traumatic brain injuries, Fazel said.
“One of the bottom lines is thinking about this as a chronic illness, a chronic disease,” he said.
His team found that while traumatic brain injuries, or TBI, tend to be one-off events, they have chronic, long-term consequences, he said. “And one of the consequences is premature mortality.”
The risk of premature death after a TBI is small — just 3.6 percent, according to the study. But among those who survived six months or longer after a TBI, there was a threefold increase in the odds of dying early when compared to the general population, according to the study. The odds of early death jump even higher for TBI patients also suffering from psychiatric illnesses, depression or substance abuse.
“The co-morbidity seems to elevate risks really substantially,” Fazel said. “For instance, if you have TBI and psychiatric illness, your odds of suicide before the age of 56 are increased 19-fold.”
About half of the early deaths noted in the study resulted from external factors, such as suicide, accidents and other injuries. The other half came from a range of other conditions, such as heart disease and cancer. However, Fazel said the study was not designed to draw conclusions about why there is such a correlation between TBI and early death.
Asked about what the study means for military personnel who have suffered TBIs, Fazel said he hoped TBI patients would be more likely to seek assessment or treatment if they know they’re at increased risk for depression or other ailments developing after a TBI.
“In a way, it’s about coming to terms with the changes and being aware of what are some of the possible consequences going forward.”
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We recently received the following question about the moon:
…would we miss the moon if it did not exist? I’m not asking what crazy improbable situation would be needed to remove the moon, just what the observable differences upon the Earth would be if there was no moon? Obviously there would be tidal differences, but would we have any other major effects I’m not aware of?
Thanks for the question Matt, This was a fun topic to research.
There are more ramifications from a missing moon than you might realize.
Of course you’re correct that there would be tidal differences but the details may surprise you.
Fist of all, the tides wouldn’t disappear. Everyone usually associates the moon with the tides but the sun contributes as well. These sun-only tides would be smaller of course; in fact they’d be about one third as high as they are today. They would also be very simplified as well, consisting of just a high tide and a low tide with no variation. This is because neap tides and spring tides would disappear since there would no longer be any moon to add to or subtract from the sun’s tidal influences.
Since Matt wanted to know the observable differences if the moon disappeared, I am creating an Observable Difference Factor scale from 0 – 10.
10–is easily observable by anyone not in a vegetative state.
1–is noticeable only by very alert scientists.
0–is not noticeable at all even by a post-singularity super-intelligent AI.
I give the tides an Observable Difference Factor of 9.
If you live or work near the coast and have a fully functional parietal lobe you will notice that the tides have changed.
Did you know that a day on earth billions of years ago was only 6 hours long? Talk about days flying by.
Geologists know this by counting the growth rings in 400-million-year-old coral fossils and 3-billion-year-old stromatolites. Our days have been steadily lengthening because of a fascinating phenomenon call tidal breaking. The huge high-tide bulge of water closest to the moon is never right under the moon because the earth’s spin is moving it away. Gravity pulls the moon towards the bulge which speeds the moon up forcing it into a higher orbit. The bulge is also attracted to the moon so it tries to move toward it which is in a direction opposite to earth’s rotation. This increased friction slows the earth down. A more technical way to look at it is conservation of angular momentum. The total angular momentum of the earth/moon system must remain the same. The moon gains angular momentum as it moves away; therefore the earth must lose it to maintain this zero-sum game.
The bottom line then is that if the moon disappeared, the lengthening of our days would greatly slow down. It would still occur though due to tidal breaking caused by the sun.
I give this an Observable Difference Factor of 1.5
Scientists would notice this easily but some regular people would also notice that leap seconds stopped occurring every two years or so.
Picture the two dimensional path the earth takes around the sun. Now picture the axis upon which the earth spins. There is not a 90 degree angle between these lines. If that was the case, the earth would be a seasonless world. It is because the earth is tilted 23 1/2 degrees away from 90 degrees that I have to endure this bitterly cold winter for many months before spring-summer-fall arrives to reset my sanity back to baseline.
We take this angle for granted don’t we? It’s easy to think that this angle is fixed at the birth of the solar system and stays that way. It turns out though that our moon is a great axis of rotation stabilizer. Without it, the earth’s axis could potentially swing from 5 degrees to 40 degrees based on the various gravitational interactions with the other planets. Imagine what this would do to our weather and evolution. For those of you more into short-term thinking, you wouldn’t have to hold on to anything were this to happen. This wobble could take thousands or hundreds of thousands of years to occur.
I give this an Observable Difference Factor of 1
Only scientists (and cloaked alien satellites) would notice this
The only other significant effect I could find has to do with the altitude of the water in our oceans. Apparently, without the moons gravity, the water in our oceans would migrate a certain extent from the equator to the polar regions. It was unclear from my research how dramatic this effect would be.
I give this an Observable Difference Factor of somewhere between 5 and 9
This discussion seems to beg the question of what would the earth be like today if it never formed the moon in the first place after that Mars-sized object slammed into the early earth (imagine seeing that coming?).
I won’t go into detail but I’d like to briefly address the likely result.
An Earth day now would only be 8 hours long due to the isolated effects of sun-earth tidal breaking.
A faster spinning earth would likely have horrific winds. Daily winds could reach 100 mph and hurricane winds would be quite nasty.
Evolution would be greatly impacted but it still would have occurred I believe. Life seems so tenacious and seems to have started as soon as it was possible but humans certainly wouldn’t be here if the moon never was. It seems likely that at the very least evolution would have been delayed or slowed greatly. With no moon there would be no mountainous tides early in earth history to scour the land every few hours and bring back to the primordial soup the critical chemical ingredients of life.
As I sit here contemplating these changes I am also grateful for some moon-based words that I would miss if they disappeared with the moon like lunatic and mooning.
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4. Predator drone
Drones are the ultimate in impersonal conflict. These weapons require virtually no human involvement, travel hundreds of miles and are controlled from extremely safe locations. Officially, they are used only for reconnaissance and intelligence gathering missions
. Their greatest impact has been their ability to provide incredibly detailed, accurate and up-to-date information to enable successful strategy planning. It helps minimize resource wastage, and is vital in the concept of surgical strikes, reducing collateral damage and civilian casualties. It also reduces military casualties, as drones are sometimes fitted with hellfire missiles, which can do a lot of damage without risking close engagement with the enemy.
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0.7048
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FineWeb
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["Drones", "Military Operations", "Reconnaissance"]
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Temperature profiles are a critical factor in the assessment of your shipping system’s thermal performance. A well-designed profile should represent similar environmental conditions that your temperature sensitive shipment will be exposed to throughout the transportation and handling process. The temperature profiles should be specific to your unique distribution process during winter, summer, and moderate seasons. The temperature profile will significantly impact the level of thermal protection needed which affects your solutions total costs.
Regulatory agencies do not have standards for temperature profiles; therefore you must demonstrate that your profile is an accurate representation of your real-life transportation and handling process. Our 30 years of cold chain logistics experience can help you determine the accuracy of your profiles. When selecting pre-qualified packaging solutions, it is essential to understand the difference between your actual shipping conditions and the temperature profile the package was designed for. The variability can significantly impact the thermal performance of your shipping system while potentially damaging your products.
Our logistical knowledge, experience, and real-life testing capabilities can help you design temperature profiles that represent your unique transportation process. As part of the original team behind the testing and development of the only industry standard profiles, International Safe Transit Association (ISTA) 7E we have developed an in-depth understanding into the complexities of the transportation environments encountered by cold chain shipments. The profiles are essential for the assessment or development of pack outs that can be seasonal or universal year-round.
Temperature profiles are the fundamental element to test and qualify the thermal performance of your shipping system in a laboratory setting. Our environmental laboratory allows us to test, develop, and qualify packaging systems in a controlled environment. During the process, our team will look at critical areas where packaging systems can be improved to optimize the thermal performance while potentially reducing component quantity, cost, weight, and dimensions. While laboratory testing allows us to expedite the initial process faster, it is beneficial to verify your temperature profiles are representative of actual shipments, and the packaging system is functional by conducting real-life testing.
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Even as adolescents struggle to lose weight through treatment programs, they often continue to experience weight-based discrimination — not just from their peers, but from adults they trust, including parents and teachers. The study by researchers at the Rudd Center for Food Policy & Obesity at Yale appears online in the journal Pediatrics, and is the first comprehensive examination of how weight-based victimization impacts youth seeking weight-loss treatment.
The researchers conducted a survey of 361 adolescents enrolled in two national weight-loss camps, and asked them about the nature and extent of victimization they had experienced because of their weight.
The majority of adolescents reported that they were teased and bullied most at school, with reports of victimization highest among those who were the heaviest. Most adolescents reported being victimized for over a year, and some reported they were teased and bullied for five years or more. For some, the victimization continued even after losing weight.
Although peers and friends were the most commonly reported perpetrators of teasing and bullying, high percentages of adolescents also reported being teased and bullied about their weight by trusted adults, including physical education teachers and sports coaches (42%), parents (37%), and classroom teachers (27%). Weight-based victimization was most frequently experienced as verbal teasing, followed by relational victimization (being ignored and excluded by peers), cyber-bullying, and physical aggression.
“While our findings suggest that teasing and bullying may be inevitable for the heaviest youth, it is striking that even formerly overweight youth who have lost weight and whose body weight is now considered healthy may still be vulnerable to weight-based victimization,” says lead author Rebecca Puhl, the Rudd Center’s director of research.
“It’s also concerning that over a third of adolescents reported weight-based victimization from parents,” Puhl adds. “These findings highlight the need for parental education so that parents can use more sensitive and supportive strategies when talking about weight-related health with their child.”
The authors assert that health providers, school personnel, and weight loss program staff can all play a role in helping these youth by looking for signs of teasing, bullying, or associated psychological distress; identifying whether youth have a support system in place to deal with bullying; sharing concerns about bullying with parents; and assisting in efforts to obtain resources for youth in need of support.
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Hypertension clinical guidelines from the American Heart Association are comprehensive guidelines for healthcare professionals for the detection and treatment of high blood pressure in a wide range of patients. Included in the 2018 hypertension clinical guidelines are proper methods for measuring blood pressure, risk factors for hypertension, and hypertension treatment for different populations.
The primary symptoms of malignant hypertension is a blood pressure of 180/120 or higher and signs of organ damage. Other symptoms of malignant hypertension include bleeding and swelling of blood vessels in the retina, anxiety, nosebleeds, severe headache, and shortness of breath. Malignant hypertension may cause brain swelling, but this symptom is very rare.
Low blood pressure is also known as hypotension. This is usually defined in an adult as a systolic recording of less than 90 mmHg, although it has been suggested that for elderly people, below 110 mmHg is a more appropriate definition. Blood pressure and heart rate are controlled by the autonomic nervous system (the nervous system that controls bodily functions that we do not have to think about).
*All medications have both common (generic) and brand names. The brand name is what a specific manufacturer calls the product (e.g., Tylenol®). The common name is the medical name for the medication (e.g., acetaminophen). A medication may have many brand names, but only one common name. This article lists medications by their common names. For information on a given medication, check our Drug Information database. For more information on brand names, speak with your doctor or pharmacist.
High blood pressure can cause problems for a mother and her baby. High blood pressure can harm a mother’s kidneys and other organs and can cause early birth and low birth weight. If you are thinking about having a baby and have high blood pressure, talk with your doctors so you can take steps to lower or control your high blood pressure before and during the pregnancy.
Doctors, pharmacists, and other health-care professionals use abbreviations, acronyms, and other terminology for instructions and information in regard to a patient's health condition, prescription drugs they are to take, or medical procedures that have been ordered. There is no approved this list of common medical abbreviations, acronyms, and terminology used by doctors and other health- care professionals. You can use this list of medical abbreviations and acronyms written by our doctors the next time you can't understand what is on your prescription package, blood test results, or medical procedure orders. Examples include:
During relaxation of the heart (diastole), the left ventricle of the heart fills with blood returning from the lungs. The left ventricle then contracts and pumps blood into the arteries (systole). The blood pressure in the arteries during contraction of the ventricle (systolic pressure) is higher because blood is being actively ejected into the arteries. It is lower during relaxation of the ventricle (diastolic pressure) when no blood is being ejected into the arteries. The pulse we feel when we place our fingers over an artery is caused by the contraction of the left ventricle and the ejection of blood.
High blood pressure is the #2 cause of kidney failure. It accounts for about one-fourth of all cases. High blood pressure can be both a cause of kidney disease and a symptom of kidney disease. When high blood pressure damages your kidneys, they are not able to do all their jobs as well—and one of their jobs is helping your body regulate your blood pressure.
Low blood pressure is diagnosed by a doctor when they check your blood pressure with a sphygmomanometer. For people who experience low blood pressure without other symptoms, it may only require regular monitoring by a doctor during routine exams, and medical treatment may not be necessary. If certain signs suggest an underlying condition, your doctor may recommend one or more of the following tests to diagnose a cause for your hypotension:
Fludrocortisone . Fludrocortisone is a medication that seems to help most types of low blood pressure. It works by promoting sodium retention by the kidney, thereby causing fluid retention and some swelling, which is necessary to improve blood pressure. But this sodium retention also causes a loss of potassium. So when taking fludrocortisone, it's important to get enough potassium each day. Fludrocortisone has none of the anti-inflammatory properties of cortisone or prednisone and does not build muscle like anabolic steroids.
Being overweight increases the risk of getting hypertension and increases the workload required of your heart. Diets designed to control blood pressure are often designed to reduce calories as well. Most of these diets require decreasing consumption of fatty foods and sugars while increasing your intake of lean protein, fiber, fruits, and vegetables. A weight loss of just 10 pounds can make a significant difference in your blood pressure.
This study is investigating whether modified citrus pectin, a dietary supplement derived from plants, can decrease heart failure and other complications of high blood pressure. To participate patients must be at least 21 years old and have an established treatment plan for high blood pressure. Please note that this study is in Boston, Massachusetts.
The American Heart Association, or AHA, explains that the early symptoms of high blood pressure that people tend to think about are largely mythical. You are unlikely to notice “classic” signs such as anxiety, insomnia, or flushing in your face. You could have blood spots in your eyes due to subconjunctival hemorrhage, but dizziness itself is not among the essential symptoms of high blood pressure.
Genetics plays a role in hypertension, and much of essential hypertension could ultimately turn out to be genetic in origin. Genes are believed to have approximately 30 percent to 50 percent impact on blood pressure. Specific genes have not been identified as responsible for hypertension, however. This may be due to the fact that there are many genes that interact together to influence blood pressure, with some of these genetic variants being more common than others.
Blood pressure monitors for use at home can be bought at drug stores, department stores, and other places. Again, these monitors may not always give you a correct reading. You should always compare your machine’s reading with a reading from your doctor’s machine to make sure they are the same. Remember that any measurement above normal should prompt a visit to the doctor, who can then talk with you about the best course of action.
The cuff is placed around the upper arm and inflated with an air pump to a pressure that blocks the flow of blood in the main artery that travels through the arm. The arm is held at the side of the body at the level of the heart, and the pressure of the cuff is gradually released. As the pressure decreases, a health practitioner listens with a stethoscope over the artery at the front of the elbow or an electronic machine senses the pulsation. The pressure at which the practitioner (or machine) first hears a pulsation from the artery is the systolic pressure (the top number). As the cuff pressure decreases further, the pressure at which the pulsation finally stops is the diastolic pressure (the bottom number).
With low blood pressure, the patient may feel faint or lose consciousness. This is due to lack of blood flow to the brain, and usually laying the patient supine will help them come round. This is also known as a blackout, and it could be accompanied by a dizzy feeling and light-headedness. Generally, your patient will report trouble focusing, difficulty keeping upright and lack of coordination.
Blood pressure is assessed using two parameters -- the systolic and diastolic pressures -- which measure, respectively, the maximum pressure exerted in the arteries as the heart contracts, and the minimum pressure in those vessels between cardiac contractions. In adults, blood pressure is considered normal if the top number (systolic pressure) is between 90 and 120 and the bottom number (diastolic) is between 60 and 80.
James, Paul A.; Oparil, Suzanne; Carter, Barry L.; Cushman, William C.; Dennison-Himmelfarb, Cheryl; Handler, Joel; Lackland, Daniel T.; Lefevre, Michael L.; MacKenzie, Thomas D.; Ogedegbe, Olugbenga; Smith, Sidney C.; Svetkey, Laura P.; Taler, Sandra J.; Townsend, Raymond R.; Wright, Jackson T.; Narva, Andrew S.; Ortiz, Eduardo (18 December 2013). "2014 Evidence-Based Guideline for the Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults". JAMA. 311 (5): 507–20. doi:10.1001/jama.2013.284427. PMID 24352797.
The authors bring several evidence-based yet progressive concepts into the guidelines, the first of which is that high blood pressure should be treated using a team approach. This makes sense, as science supports more and better patient education around self-monitoring, nutrition, and lifestyle changes, as well as stress management. Telehealth is emphasized as a cost-effective method of ongoing monitoring that is more convenient for patients than frequent office visits.
This study will assess whether minocycline, an antibiotic with anti-inflammatory effects, can improve blood pressure control in patients who do not respond to medicines in combination with lifestyle changes, such as physical activity, weight loss, and healthy eating patterns. To participate you must be at least 18 years old and have high blood pressure that does not respond to treatment with three different high blood pressure medicines even when used at the maximum doses. Please note that this study is in Gainesville, Florida.
Your doctor can help you measure and track your blood pressure to confirm whether it’s too high. You may need to start taking medications if your blood pressure doesn’t improve after one month of following a healthy lifestyle, especially if you’re already at high risk for heart disease. If you’re at lower risk, your doctor may want to follow up in three to six months after you’ve adopted more healthy habits.
Healthcare professionals use a stethoscope and a manual sphygmomanometer to measure your blood pressure. Typically they take the reading above your elbow. The sphygmomanometer has a bladder, cuff, bulb, and a gauge. When the bulb is pumped it inflates the bladder inside the cuff, which is wrapped around your arm. This inflation will stop the blood flow in your arteries. The stethoscope is used to listen for sound of the heartbeat, and no sound indicates that there is no flow. As the pressure is released from the bladder, you will hear the sound of the blood flowing again. That point becomes systolic reading. The diastolic reading is when you hear no sound again, which means that the blood flow is back to normal.
^ Mente, Andrew; O'Donnell, Martin; Rangarajan, Sumathy; Dagenais, Gilles; Lear, Scott; McQueen, Matthew; Diaz, Rafael; Avezum, Alvaro; Lopez-Jaramillo, Patricio; Lanas, Fernando; Li, Wei; Lu, Yin; Yi, Sun; Rensheng, Lei; Iqbal, Romaina; Mony, Prem; Yusuf, Rita; Yusoff, Khalid; Szuba, Andrzej; Oguz, Aytekin; Rosengren, Annika; Bahonar, Ahmad; Yusufali, Afzalhussein; Schutte, Aletta Elisabeth; Chifamba, Jephat; Mann, Johannes F E; Anand, Sonia S; Teo, Koon; Yusuf, S (July 2016). "Associations of urinary sodium excretion with cardiovascular events in individuals with and without hypertension: a pooled analysis of data from four studies". The Lancet. 388 (10043): 465–75. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30467-6. PMID 27216139.
Preeclampsia is elevated blood pressure and the leakage of protein into the urine by the kidneys. Preeclampsia can be dangerous to both mother and baby. High blood pressure during pregnancy may lead to decreased blood flow to the placenta, placental abruption, premature delivery, or future cardiovascular disease. After the baby is born, high blood pressure during pregnancy usually returns to normal levels.
All material copyright MediResource Inc. 1996 – 2019. Terms and conditions of use. The contents herein are for informational purposes only. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Source: www.medbroadcast.com/condition/getcondition/High-Blood-Pressure
Normal blood pressure is below 120/80. New guidelines from the American Heart Association (AHA) and the American College of Cardiology (ACC) published in November of 2017 consider blood pressure elevated between 120/80 and 129/80. High blood pressure or hypertension is now classified as stage 1 if your systolic reading falls between 130 and 139 or your diastolic reading is between 80 and 89. A measure of 140/90 or higher is now considered stage 2 hypertension. A hypertensive crisis is defined as a systolic rate over 180 or a diastolic rate above 120. An elevated blood pressure means that the heart must work harder to pump blood. High blood pressure can also damage the walls of the arteries. Over time, hypertension increases the risk of heart disease, kidney disease, and stroke. It is estimated that one in three adults in America are affected by hypertension.
On physical examination, hypertension may be associated with the presence of changes in the optic fundus seen by ophthalmoscopy. The severity of the changes typical of hypertensive retinopathy is graded from I to IV; grades I and II may be difficult to differentiate. The severity of the retinopathy correlates roughly with the duration or the severity of the hypertension.
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This article discusses the general principles, optical systems, and emission sources of optical emission spectroscopy for elemental analysis. Changes in the energy of the valence or outer shell electrons result in the atomic lines used in emission spectroscopy. Each possible combination of electron configurations produces a spectroscopic term that describes the state of the atom. Atomic emission is analytically useful only to the extent that the emission from one atomic species can be measured and its intensity recorded independent of emission from other sources. Emission sources are often designed to minimize molecular emission. Each of the four types of emission sources; arcs, high-voltage sparks, glow discharges, and flames; has a set of physical characteristics with accompanying analytical assets and liabilities. The article also discusses the applications of each type of emission source.
ASM Reference Publications Catalog
The Fall / Winter 2019-2020 Catalog features more than 200 products including new and upcoming releases, popular best sellers, digital databases, and journals. Save now with set sales.
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0.9944
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FineWeb
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["Optical Emission Spectroscopy", "Emission Sources", "Analytical Applications"]
|
Time: 5 min
Asking what if is a great way to bring action, twists, and conflict to fiction. In that time, write as many what if that could add excitement, adventure, or storytelling possibilities to the scenario.
Today's situation is going on a road trip.
- What if the car breaks down?
- What if the wrong address was put in the GPS?
- What if the people on the trip are fighting?
- What if they aren't traveling by car?
- What if...
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0.5435
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FineWeb
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["Road Trip Complications", "Travel Mishaps", "Alternative Transportation"]
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Much of the innovation surrounding healthcare markets over the past few years has been legislative innovation–rather than technological or business advances–as the precepts of the Affordable Care Act have gradually come into effect in the United States. However, this doesn’t mean that there hasn’t been any activity with regard to using technology to better deliver healthcare services in peoples’ everyday lives. The reality is quite the opposite: there are a number of areas where the business of healthcare has been exploring new ways to employ technology to help healthcare providers be more efficient and, overall, more effective.
One of the most popular trends in the business world today, “big data” involves collating and analyzing data on a massive scale to better understand peoples’ preferences and decision-making processes. The potential to be had by harnessing big data has not be lost on the healthcare industry. For example, VitalSpring Technologies has been working to improve both the cost and quality of the provision of healthcare services. Essentially, VitalSpring uses a cloud-based analytic tool that will allow its users to find ways to both lower healthcare costs and improve the quality of healthcare services. This might involve using data analysis to find the best options of coverage for employees moving forward, or to find areas requiring targeted care to address an acute health risk. Data to support these kinds of decisions doesn’t just help the health of a group of employees; it is also good for the bottom line.
It is absolutely essential that patients coming in for a doctor’s appointment or surgical procedure are accompanied by their medical records. However, a constant gripe about the current system is that healthcare records are poorly maintained or difficult to locate. Luckily, there have been greater advances in the world of electronic medical records for healthcare providers to use. Rather than digging through a file folder, a healthcare provider can pull up this electronic medical record instantly. The record moves seamlessly from office to office, allowing doctors to have the most up-to-date records of their patients instantly. Such technology allows for greater efficiency by healthcare providers and more accurate diagnoses.
It is hard to say exactly how else the business of providing healthcare might change in the coming years, but it is clear that there will be a continuing reliance on technological advances to reduce waste, increase efficiency, and provide quality service to patients. For instance, there is the opportunity with the greater accessibility of teleconferencing technology to do occasional virtual visits. While this will not totally replace the importance of in-person visits, it does allow for the occasional check-in to be accomplished online, thus saving a trip to the office.
Additionally – complementing the efficiency gained through the move to electronic medical records – placing medical records online through a cloud-based platform could also make them more accessible to patients. By bringing patients into the process and ensuring that they have a firm knowledge of both their medical history and potential future medical risks, the chance of errors in communication or poor prescriptions should decrease. These innovative uses of technology should serve to make the business of healthcare provision more efficient and effective.
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0.7509
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FineWeb
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```
{
"topics": [
"Big Data in Healthcare",
"Electronic Medical Records",
"Teleconferencing Technology"
]
}
```
|
Welcome to this, the fifth day on the #Appvent calendar. Today’s entry is none other than NetSupport School! NetSupport School, for me, is the perfect teacher companion if you’re in a school where technology-enhanced learning takes place regularly within your classrooms. If you have a BYOD, Windows, iPad, Android tab, Mac or Thin Client setup where learners will be using those devices, NetSupport School can help in many useful, pedagogical and time-saving ways.
What is NetSupport School?
Essentially, NetSupport School is a classroom management solution when technology is being used by its learners. Years ago, tools like NetSupport School were mostly found in Computing and ICT labs or spaces where bookable classroom banks of computers might exist for teachers to use with their students. Nowadays, with there being so many 1-1 and BYOD initiatives in schools, never before have we had more concern over what learners are up to whilst using their devices.
NetSupport School is the perfect tool to help give teachers the confidence to use technology in the classroom with their learners. Added to that, with its significant range of tools to help with efficiencies and time savings, assessment for learning, sharing of resources and files and much more, I cannot see why any school (even if just being used in suites that have banks of computers) couldn’t and wouldn’t benefit from its use.
So what can it do?
As alluded to above, NetSupport School has a significant number of features, so much so I won’t be able to cover them all here (you can find out more here) however here are some of the key features that I think make it so compelling:
- You can view every child’s computer or device on your screen
- You can share the screen of one computer to all or selected students – good for peer assessment and showing WAGOLLs
- You can lock their screens to bring their attention right back to you
- You can use it to support language lab activities
- You can annotate their screens
- You can run polls, quizzes and many other low-stakes/AfL activities
- You can randomly pick names from your classes
- You can record their homework, results from tests and snapshots of their activities into their ‘student journal’
- You can allow or disallow printing
- You can link to student devices eg via Google Classroom
- You can distribute and collect files
- You can block access to USB ports so students cannot plug things into your equipment
- You can show your screen or other media such as video content to all or selected students
- You can limit access to only the websites you wish them to visit
- You can transmit your voice through the tool to provide additional accessibility opportunities for those students who will benefit from it
- You can monitor all application and internet use and record sites visited
- You can track keyword usage from keyboard actions and use this as an indicator of student activity, such as on and off-task behaviour
- The list continues.
Essentially, NetSupport School helps teachers to instruct, manage, instruct, monitor and assess, all from a handy teacher console.
Some might think of NetSupport School as a behaviour management solution. The tool that stops students from going off track and staying on point with their various learning activities whilst using technology in the classroom. I’d agree to a certain extent. I do think however that that viewpoint misses the bigger picture of what is so great about NetSupport School. Yes, it helps with keeping students on track, but what is far more helpful are all of the little marginal gains that you get when you use NetSupport School in the classroom.
For example, with the press of a button on your mouse you can push a specific website to every student’s computer in your classroom – how much time have you wasted waiting for every student to get on to the same (web) page? All of these little wins add up to make a big win for teaching and learning in the classroom. Don’t just take my word for it though… as an edtech company with a heritage of more than 30 years in schools, they’re clearly doing something right, as their many awards and accolades testify:
I’m looking forward to sharing more with you across the rest of the Appvent series. Watch out too for some special guests who will be recommending some great tools from their classrooms too. More tomorrow!
This is a sponsored post.
This activity wouldn’t be possible without the sponsorship of some of the entries, therefore to support my activity a number of posts during the calendar are sponsored. Rest assured, I wouldn’t be recommending things if I wasn’t confident of their efficacy and impact.
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0.7719
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FineWeb
|
["NetSupport School", "Classroom Management", "Education Technology"]
|
Chargingcharge (chärj),USA pronunciation v., charged, charg•ing, n.
- to impose or ask as a price or fee: That store charges $25 for leather gloves.
- to impose on or ask of (someone) a price or fee: He didn't charge me for it.
- to defer payment for (a purchase) until a bill is rendered by the creditor: The store let me charge the coat.
- to hold liable for payment;
enter a debit against.
- to attack by rushing violently against: The cavalry charged the enemy.
- to accuse formally or explicitly (usually fol. by with): They charged him with theft.
- to impute;
ascribe the responsibility for: He charged the accident to his own carelessness.
- to instruct authoritatively, as a judge does a jury.
- to lay a command or injunction upon: He charged his secretary with the management of his correspondence.
- to fill or furnish (a thing) with the quantity, as of powder or fuel, that it is fitted to receive: to charge a musket.
- to supply with a quantity of electric charge or electrical energy: to charge a storage battery.
- to change the net amount of positive or negative electric charge of (a particle, body, or system).
- to suffuse, as with emotion: The air was charged with excitement.
- to fill (air, water, etc.) with other matter in a state of diffusion or solution: The air was charged with pollen.
- to load (materials) into a furnace, converter, etc.
- to load or burden (the mind, heart, etc.): His mind was charged with weighty matters.
- to put a load or burden on or in.
- to record the loan of, as books or other materials from a library (often fol. by out): The librarian will charge those books at the front desk.
- to borrow, as books or other materials from a library (often fol. by out): How many magazines may I charge at one time?
- to place charges on (an escutcheon).
- to make an onset;
rush, as to an attack.
- to place the price of a thing to one's debit.
- to require payment: to charge for a service.
- to make a debit, as in an account.
- (of dogs) to lie down at command.
- charge off:
- to write off as an expense or loss.
- to attribute to: I charged off the blunder to inexperience.
- charge up, [Informal.]
- to agitate, stimulate, or excite: a fiery speaker who can charge up an audience.
- to put or be under the influence of narcotic drugs.
- expense or cost: improvements made at a tenant's own charge.
- a fee or price charged: a charge of three dollars for admission.
- a pecuniary burden, encumbrance, tax, or lien;
liability to pay: After his death there were many charges on his estate.
- an entry in an account of something due.
- an impetuous onset or attack, as of soldiers.
- a signal by bugle, drum, etc., for a military charge.
- a duty or responsibility laid upon or entrusted to one.
- care, custody, or superintendence: The child was placed in her nurse's charge.
- anything or anybody committed to one's care or management: The nurse was careful to let no harm come to her charge.
- [Eccles.]a parish or congregation committed to the spiritual care of a pastor.
- a command or injunction;
- an accusation: He was arrested on a charge of theft.
- an address by a judge to a jury at the close of a trial, instructing it as to the legal points, the weight of evidence, etc., affecting the verdict in the case.
- the quantity of anything that an apparatus is fitted to hold, or holds, at one time: a charge of coal for a furnace.
- a quantity of explosive to be set off at one time.
- See electric charge.
- the process of charging a storage battery.
- a thrill;
- grains of a solid propellant, usually including an inhibitor.
- a load or burden.
- any distinctive mark upon an escutcheon, as an ordinary or device, not considered as belonging to the field;
- in charge:
- in command;
having supervisory power.
- under arrest;
in or into the custody of the police.
- in charge of:
- having the care or supervision of: She is in charge of two libraries.
- Also, in the charge of. under the care or supervision of: The books are in the charge of the accounting office.
Hi peoples, this blog post is about Wireless Charging ( How Does A Charging Mat Work #9). This image is a image/jpeg and the resolution of this attachment is 834 x 469. This post's file size is only 76 KB. Wether You want to download This picture to Your PC, you could Click here. You may too see more images by clicking the image below or read more at this post: How Does A Charging Mat Work.
You're not the people who should buy How Does A Charging Mat Work. Every home owner in need for their homes of furniture. That's the reason you can find lots of alternatives in stores. It is not unimportant for one to be sure all the products you choose according to your home. Conventional furniture may charge very expensive.
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Try to find Wireless Charging ( How Does A Charging Mat Work #9) that's resilient classic in case you put them outdoors. Check accessories and the poor welds. If you learn a weld that seems perhaps perhaps vulnerable, neglect them and locate furniture that's stable. Each outdoor furniture you select should be ready to withstand nature's weather to be exposed for many years.
Maybe it's been a little while because you've visited a thriftstore, or maybe you and one 've never visited with? You'll basically shed, in that case. Typically they've home furnishings items that are cheaper than home furnishings, but occasionally it is possible to report some couch is very good enough.
Make sure you obtain in the shop, in case you decide to purchase a How Does A Charging Mat Work. Before they obtain products, most of the people don't think to check the goods. Tough to displace the furniture in certain furniture outlets. Carry types of hues whenever you shop for conventional and established fixtures.
Although some may seem excellent inside the shop, it might look differently when in your home and in comparison to trials. To avoid this from happening, it is easy to find swatches at your home improvement store, or simply just have a picture of the taste for comparison products.
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0.9735
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FineWeb
|
["Wireless Charging", "Furniture", "Charging Mat"]
|
We shovel snow from our door steps because although no two snowflakes are alike, far more than two land in the same place. Rigorous shovelling helps beat the cold. and once warmed up, we can think about falling snowflakes. And if we want to be even more captivated, we can observe them.
First the thinking part. If we want to merely predict the velocity of falling snowflakes, we already run into a complication. At least raindrops begin as spheres, and then as they grow larger, their shape approximates that of a burger bun. That affects their area and drag coefficient —numbers needed in assessing to what extent air slows down the rate of falling drops. But snowflakes are formed in a countless variety of shapes and sizes. There is far more averaging out to do.
So assume that it’s been done. We subsequently write an expression for the product of air density, the flakes’ average area, their average total drag coefficient and square of their velocity. Then we subtract that expression from the force of gravity. The difference will equal to the so-called net force, which is the product of mass and rate of change of velocity with respect to time—Newton’s Second Law.
In our differential equation, velocity appears on the equation’s two sides, one of which also has the variable of time. Isolating the variables and using appropriate substitutions allows us to integrate and solve for velocity. As the time that the snowflake falls increases, exponential terms drop out of the equation, and the flake’s terminal velocity seems to depend only on the the snowflake’s mass and the shape -influenced and gravitational constants we mentioned earlier.
Now we observe. As we stated at the onset, many snowflakes land in the same place. But only a few meters above any given spot, it is apparent that many paths lead to a common destination. Some flakes tumble; some abandon the terminal velocity we took so long to calculate, and they yield themselves to whimsical eddies. How they arrive is influenced not only by shape, mass and gravity but by sheer luck—luck due to the random, pinpoint fluctuations in temperature and pressure that affect their air space.
And these unpredictable*, forgotten, dance-like movements of deviant snowflakes open our eyes and widen our mouths. They drain our minds of thoughts of shovelling and of future slush and social conflicts. For a few moments the destinies of snowflakes is all that matters, and then we are reminded of a beautiful, non-mathematical expression in which snow is equated with Christmas.
*N.B. In reality the larger snowflakes may behave like sheets of falling paper which experience aerodynamic lift, a lift dominated by the product of linear and angular velocities. Those of you interested in computer simulations of falling snow might find this link interesting: https://www.cs.rpi.edu/~cutler/classes/advancedgraphics/S08/final_projects/fermeglia_willmore.pdf
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0.8346
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FineWeb
|
["Mathematical Modeling of Snowflakes", "Observation of Snowflakes", "Physics of Falling Snowflakes"]
|
Build: #46 was successful Changes by Spring Operator <[email protected]> and Artem Bilan
This build has the following metadata. These are property key value pairs describing the build. You can specify your own metadata in the build process via apps.
No parameters have been manually overridden.
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0.7155
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FineWeb
|
["Build Information", "Build Metadata", "Build Parameters"]
|
Size Acceptance: a Discursive Analysis of Online Blogs
Traditional views on ‘overweight’ suggest that managing one’s weight is a simple balance of energy for which all individuals have the capacity and affordances to control, as long as they have the willpower to do so. This is problematic because such perspectives are drawn upon as resources for social interaction and can thus translate into deliberate negative actions and discriminatory behaviour. Despite recent evidence suggesting that ‘overweight’ is more complex than first presumed, traditional methods of weight loss remain predominant. Less culturally available perspectives do exist such as those presented by the Size Acceptance (SA) movement. SA has recently developed particular strengths because of the affordances of online blogs, including the potential for wider dissemination of less culturally available perspectives. This research explores the more and less culturally available perspectives around the fat body and how these emerge and are taken up in talk online - specifically by those who engage with SA communities. A discursive thematic analysis is used to explore how SA bloggers construct their position and identities online. Creating an awareness of how language is drawn on to construct fat ‘perspectives’ can help with becoming more resistant to hegemonic power. This research offers a unique contribution in its demonstration of how SA bloggers are positioned in such a way as to provide an alternative claim to “expertise”, which enables their views to be heard as a credible and legitimate alternative to those of more established authority-figures - such as health professionals. Furthermore, the creating of an ‘in-group’ allows for corroboration as a ‘community of experts’ and the de-legitimisation of the ‘out-group’ – that is, again, more established authority-figures, such as health professionals. This has implications for both research and clinical practice in that it can enable professionals working in physical and mental health to better understand why individuals might position themselves in ways such as SA, and what they might give up by accepting more culturally available perspectives as ‘truths’. This can help in gaining an understanding of the resistance fat people can have to professionals and change (i.e. weight loss), which might be experienced in clinical settings. Successful weight loss is deemed unlikely by much of the existing literature and failure to lose weight is associated with poorer mental health, therefore SA online might offer positive implications for mental health (regardless of weight loss) even if not for physical health. It is therefore important for professionals to be mindful of the less culturally available perspectives that exist and what online spaces offer for already-marginalised groups, before making attempts to remove or delegitimise such sites.
|
0.9731
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FineWeb
|
["Size Acceptance", "Online Blogs", "Discursive Analysis"]
|
Response: Kneel Moqorro to save a unique [Greyjoy] character from being killed or discarded. That character gets +2 STR and gains intimidate until the end of the phase.
"The captain commands and I obey."
- Number: 29
- Rarity: F
- Type: Character
- House: Greyjoy
- STR: 2
- Gold Cost: 3
- Traits: Asshai.
- Challenge Icons: [intrigue] [power]
comments about this card
|No comments yet for this card.
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0.8774
|
FineWeb
|
["Character Description", "Card Stats", "Gameplay Effect"]
|
Gosis' species were a humanoid species who inhabited a pre-warp planet in the 22nd century. First Starfleet contact was made by Enterprise NX-01 officers: namely, Captain Jonathan Archer, Lieutenant Malcolm Reed, and Ensign Hoshi Sato, in 2152. (ENT: "The Communicator")
This species' physiology was particularly different from that of Humans. The differences were deeper than just outward facial ridges and spots. Each member of Gosis' species had only one kidney, rather than two, and had four more thoracic vertebrae than a typical Human had. Members of Gosis' species were also absent a mass which they had difficulty accounting for in a Human body. Gosis' species had blood that was neither red nor contained iron. Moreover, iron was a toxic element to their species.
By the 2150s, their race was divided into at least two "major" political nation states, one of which was called "the Alliance." In 2152, Gosis' faction believed – based on propaganda – that war with the Alliance was inevitable. The war would have been based, in part, upon "ancestral claims" by the Alliance on Gosis' faction's capital city. That same year, Temec, a doctor, compared a scan of Human physiology to their own, discovering the anatomical differences between the two species.
Legal system Edit
The government of at least the area inhabited by General Gosis appeared to be in civilian hands, as evidenced by the attendance of the Enterprise away team at a political rally held by a "Chancellor Kultarey". However, the influence, on their society, of the military was strong.
In the 2150s, the technological level of the planet seemed to be on a rough par with mid and/or late 20th century Earth, although they hadn't yet "split the atom". They possessed reliable artificial illumination, a knowledge of computers, familiarity with telecommunication, methods of observing internal organs, ways to photograph objects in planetary orbit, automatic projectile weapons, automobiles, trains, and jet aircraft.
Reed and Sato were impressed with the aesthetics of the architecture of the city they visited. Orbital scans of the city, which were taken by Enterprise, revealed a dense developmental pattern. Functionally, the architecture was of sufficient design to accommodate a high population density.
|
0.8819
|
FineWeb
|
```
{
"topics": [
"Gosis' Species Physiology",
"Gosis' Species Society and Politics",
"Gosis' Species Technology"
]
}
```
|
Starting with the number 180, take away 9 again and again, joining up the dots as you go. Watch out - don't join all the dots!
Start by putting one million (1 000 000) into the display of your
calculator. Can you reduce this to 7 using just the 7 key and add,
subtract, multiply, divide and equals as many times as you like?
If you have only four weights, where could you place them in order
to balance this equaliser?
What do you notice about the date 03.06.09? Or 08.01.09? This
challenge invites you to investigate some interesting dates
Here is a chance to play a version of the classic Countdown Game.
Place the numbers from 1 to 9 in the squares below so that the difference between joined squares is odd. How many different ways can you do this?
There are 44 people coming to a dinner party. There are 15 square
tables that seat 4 people. Find a way to seat the 44 people using
all 15 tables, with no empty places.
In this game, you can add, subtract, multiply or divide the numbers
on the dice. Which will you do so that you get to the end of the
number line first?
This magic square has operations written in it, to make it into a
maze. Start wherever you like, go through every cell and go out a
total of 15!
Arrange eight of the numbers between 1 and 9 in the Polo Square
below so that each side adds to the same total.
Can you see why 2 by 2 could be 5? Can you predict what 2 by 10
Tim had nine cards each with a different number from 1 to 9 on it.
How could he have put them into three piles so that the total in
each pile was 15?
How have the numbers been placed in this Carroll diagram? Which
labels would you put on each row and column?
Can you put the numbers 1 to 8 into the circles so that the four
calculations are correct?
What do the digits in the number fifteen add up to? How many other
numbers have digits with the same total but no zeros?
There are 78 prisoners in a square cell block of twelve cells. The
clever prison warder arranged them so there were 25 along each wall
of the prison block. How did he do it?
Exactly 195 digits have been used to number the pages in a book.
How many pages does the book have?
Using the statements, can you work out how many of each type of
rabbit there are in these pens?
Place the numbers 1 to 10 in the circles so that each number is the
difference between the two numbers just below it.
A group of children are using measuring cylinders but they lose the
labels. Can you help relabel them?
Can you put plus signs in so this is true? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 = 99
How many ways can you do it?
Katie had a pack of 20 cards numbered from 1 to 20. She arranged
the cards into 6 unequal piles where each pile added to the same
total. What was the total and how could this be done?
How could you put eight beanbags in the hoops so that there are
four in the blue hoop, five in the red and six in the yellow? Can
you find all the ways of doing this?
Write the numbers up to 64 in an interesting way so that the shape they make at the end is interesting, different, more exciting ... than just a square.
Use your logical-thinking skills to deduce how much Dan's crisps and ice-cream cost altogether.
This problem is based on the story of the Pied Piper of Hamelin. Investigate the different numbers of people and rats there could have been if you know how many legs there are altogether!
There were chews for 2p, mini eggs for 3p, Chocko bars for 5p and
lollypops for 7p in the sweet shop. What could each of the children
buy with their money?
You have 5 darts and your target score is 44. How many different
ways could you score 44?
Winifred Wytsh bought a box each of jelly babies, milk jelly bears,
yellow jelly bees and jelly belly beans. In how many different ways
could she make a jolly jelly feast with 32 legs?
Lolla bought a balloon at the circus. She gave the clown six coins
to pay for it. What could Lolla have paid for the balloon?
Look carefully at the numbers. What do you notice? Can you make
another square using the numbers 1 to 16, that displays the same
There are 4 jugs which hold 9 litres, 7 litres, 4 litres and 2
litres. Find a way to pour 9 litres of drink from one jug to
another until you are left with exactly 3 litres in three of the
Add the sum of the squares of four numbers between 10 and 20 to the
sum of the squares of three numbers less than 6 to make the square
of another, larger, number.
A game for 2 people. Use your skills of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division to blast the asteroids.
Zumf makes spectacles for the residents of the planet Zargon, who
have either 3 eyes or 4 eyes. How many lenses will Zumf need to
make all the different orders for 9 families?
Can you make a cycle of pairs that add to make a square number
using all the numbers in the box below, once and once only?
A game for 2 people using a pack of cards Turn over 2 cards and try
to make an odd number or a multiple of 3.
A game for 2 or more players with a pack of cards. Practise your
skills of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division to hit
the target score.
Ten cards are put into five envelopes so that there are two cards in each envelope. The sum of the numbers inside it is written on each envelope. What numbers could be inside the envelopes?
This problem is based on a code using two different prime numbers
less than 10. You'll need to multiply them together and shift the
alphabet forwards by the result. Can you decipher the code?
If you take a three by three square on a 1-10 addition square and
multiply the diagonally opposite numbers together, what is the
difference between these products. Why?
Place six toy ladybirds into the box so that there are two ladybirds in every column and every row.
Choose a symbol to put into the number sentence.
Some Games That May Be Nice or Nasty for an adult and child. Use your knowledge of place value to beat your opponent.
Can you arrange 5 different digits (from 0 - 9) in the cross in the
Can you find which shapes you need to put into the grid to make the
totals at the end of each row and the bottom of each column?
Five numbers added together in pairs produce: 0, 2, 4, 4, 6, 8, 9, 11, 13, 15 What are the five numbers?
You have two egg timers. One takes 4 minutes exactly to empty and
the other takes 7 minutes. What times in whole minutes can you
measure and how?
Suppose there is a train with 24 carriages which are going to be put together to make up some new trains. Can you find all the ways that this can be done?
This challenge focuses on finding the sum and difference of pairs of two-digit numbers.
|
0.7587
|
FineWeb
|
["Puzzles", "Games", "Math Challenges"]
|
How the Victim Advocate Helps
The Victim Advocate may be the first person to respond to the victim. During this critical time victims may experience a wide range of feelings and emotions. As an advocate, we can assist in many ways.
Counseling Services provides limited medical treatment and counseling to students who may have been a victim of sexual misconduct or any other crime. They can be reached via phone at 209.946.2315 x2.
Stockton Community Resources
The Victim Advocate is available to:
Victim's Bill of Rights
A comprehensive version of the Victim’s Rights and information regarding the judicial process can be found in the Tiger Lore Handbook.
|
0.8086
|
FineWeb
|
["Victim Advocate Role", "Counseling Services", "Victim's Bill of Rights"]
|
Does Your Child’s School Have a Nutrition Class? If Not, You May Want to Ask for a Curriculum Change5 months ago | Nutrition
By Joy Stephenson-Laws, JD, Founder
For most kids, school is like a second home. The average child in America receives approximately 900 to 1,000 instructional hours of time in school per year. And healthy lifestyle habits, such as meal prepping with nutritious foods, should comprise a portion of those instructional hours because the childhood obesity epidemic in America is a major public health concern that must be addressed.
(The incidence of childhood obesity in the United States has more than tripled since the 1970s. Currently, one in five school-aged children (ages 6-19) are obese. In addition to this, approximately one-third of American youth are overweight. And if our children are overweight or obese, the more likely they are to remain so as adults, which may increase their risk for a variety of diseases, including heart disease, cancer, depression and diabetes).
A recent study, conducted by the Yale School of Public Health, found evidence that in-school nutrition education helped middle school students limit increases in their body mass index (BMI).
Participants of the study included 600 students from 12 schools in New Haven, CT. Researchers found that the schools with “enhanced nutrition policies and programs [this could be healthier lunches available in the school cafeteria as well as classes focusing on eating healthily]” overall had students with an increase in BMI percentile of less than 1%, while the schools without these policies and programs had students with increases of 3-4%.
“Results are among the most compelling to date, said the researchers, perhaps because of the strong community-university partnership, and the recognition that health and academic achievement often go hand-in-hand,” according to a report discussing the study.
There is overwhelming evidence that a child's diet can play a major role in his ability to learn. “According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, a child's failure to eat fruits, vegetables and dairy products is associated with lower grades, while nutrient deficits, such as vitamins A, B6, B12, C, iron, zinc, folate and calcium, are linked to higher rates of absenteeism, tardiness and low grades,” according to one source.
So as parents we have to not only consider the dangers of being overweight or obese, but also take note that poor eating can have a major impact on our children’s academic development.
Regarding the study, what is also particularly interesting is that “[r]esearchers also tested whether a series of policies to promote physical activity would impact adolescent body mass index. They determined that the physical activity policies alone had little or no impact on body mass index.”
This isn’t to say that physical exercise is not important for adolescent health, but most schools never skip physical education classes and athletic activities. And it appears that nutrition education classes need to be just as commonplace as physical education.
Nutrition Education Must Be Taught Properly
Every teacher has his or her own approach to teaching and engaging with students. I truly admire our educators. They literally shape the future. Educators who have the important responsibility of teaching students about nutrition must take the right approach.
I came across a very interesting article about how some nutrition classes were actually detrimental (unintentionally) to some children.
For example, children perhaps should not be told that there are “bad foods.” This could lead to disordered, restrictive eating. Children should be told what nutrients they need to stay healthy and the foods they can get these nutrients from. They also need to understand why certain foods should be eaten in moderation.
A family physician referenced in the article says that “harmful, anxiety-inducing ‘health’ advice is everywhere...dangerous messages permeate every class, from official assignments to offhand comments or ‘wisdom’ teachers share. A second grader was told by a teacher that sugar is more ‘addictive’ than narcotics. A reading assignment asks a child to circle ‘bad’ foods. A teacher shares her bulimia history in detail with middle school girls, which research shows is risky.”
Although there is scientific research to support the conclusion that sugar may be just as addictive, or even more addictive, than drugs, we have to remember that children require a special approach when it comes to sensitive issues such as weight management. Health and weight management can be a very personal journey, so it may be difficult for some teachers to remain objective when teaching kids about nutrition.
However, just like history, math and science, nutrition needs to be considered as a necessary subject in school. Nutrition education can be a major proactive step our society can and should take to combat the childhood obesity epidemic.
Finally, if your child currently has weight issues or you notice that his or her academic performance is not up to par, I would highly suggest having your child take a nutrient test. Being nutritionally balanced helps us all maintain a healthy weight and perform our best both physically and mentally. If a nutrient imbalance is detected, a competent healthcare professional can suggest dietary changes and possibly recommend quality supplements.
Your health is your greatest wealth, and your greatest knowledge.
Let’s enjoy our healthiest lives!
The pH professional health care team includes recognized experts from a variety of health care and related disciplines, including physicians, attorneys, nutritionists, nurses and certified fitness instructors. This team also includes the members of the pH Medical Advisory Board, which constantly monitors all pH programs, products and services. To learn more about the pH Medical Advisory Board, click here.
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FineWeb
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["Nutrition Education", "Childhood Obesity", "Academic Performance"]
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