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An ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is a type of heart attack that mainly affects your heart’s lower chambers. They are named for how they change the appearance of your heart’s electrical activity on a certain type of diagnostic test. STEMIs tend to be more severe and dangerous compared to other types of heart attack. An ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is a type of heart attack that is more serious and has a greater risk of serious complications and death. It gets its name from how it mainly affects the heart’s lower chambers and changes how electrical current travels through them. Any heart attack is a life-threatening medical emergency that needs immediate care. If you or someone you’re with appears to be having a heart attack, do not hesitate to call 911 (or the appropriate number for local emergency services). Any delay in receiving care can lead to permanent damage to the heart muscle or death. Myocardial infarction is the medical term for a heart attack. An infarction is a blockage of blood flow to the myocardium, the heart muscle. That blockage causes the heart muscle to die. A STEMI is a myocardial infarction that causes a distinct pattern on an electrocardiogram (abbreviated either as ECG or EKG). This is a medical test that uses several sensors (usually 10) attached to your skin that can detect your heart’s electrical activity. That activity is then displayed as a wave pattern on a paper readout or a digital display. The different parts of the wave are labeled using letters, starting at P and ending at U. To best understand ST-elevation, it helps to know about two specific wave sections: When there’s an elevation in the ST segment, that often means there’s a total blockage of one of the heart's main supply arteries. When that is happening during a heart attack, it can be a sign that the muscle of the ventricles is dying. That’s critical information for healthcare providers to know during a STEMI because it means the heart muscle is in the process of dying. That also means reopening that artery and restoring blood flow as soon as possible may prevent permanent damage, or at least limit the severity of the damage. That’s dangerous because the ventricles are the chambers of your heart that pump blood to your lungs and body. If there’s too much damage to the muscle in the ventricles, your heart can’t pump enough blood to support your body. That’s why STEMIs are so dangerous and why restoring blood flow quickly is so critical. Your heart muscle also can’t regrow or regenerate itself, so if the muscle goes without blood flow for too long, the damage to that muscle can be permanent. However, restoring blood flow quickly may keep the damage from being permanent or at least minimize the severity of the damage. Cleveland Clinic is a non-profit academic medical center. Advertising on our site helps support our mission. We do not endorse non-Cleveland Clinic products or services. Policy Blockages in the arteries that supply blood to your heart muscle are what cause most heart attacks. Usually, the blockage happens because plaque, a fatty, waxy buildup accumulates on the inside of your arteries. A blood clot can form on the plaque deposits, rapidly closing the artery and interrupting blood flow to the heart muscle. Once blood flow is partially or totally blocked, it causes ischemia (iss-key-me-uh). This is the medical term for how your cells and tissues start to die because they aren't getting blood flow. During a heart attack, the loss of blood flow causes the muscle in your ventricles to begin to die. If too much heart muscle sustains damage, your heart may not have the ability to supply enough blood to your body. That leads to a condition known as cardiogenic shock, which is often fatal. Also, ischemia of the heart muscle may also trigger a dangerous electrical rhythm known as ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation, which can lead to cardiac arrest (where your heart stops entirely) and sudden death. Among heart attacks, STEMIs are typically more severe. Between 2.5% and 10% of people who have one die within 30 days. STEMI is one of three conditions that fall under acute coronary syndrome, a disease that happens because of limited or no blood flow to a part of your heart. The other two conditions are non-ST elevation heart attacks (NSTEMI) and unstable angina (sudden chest pain, usually while resting, caused by limited blood flow to the heart). There are three coronary arteries that provide blood flow to your heart muscle. Depending on which arteries contain the blockage, damage will happen in different areas of the heart muscle. The key characteristic that identifies a STEMI is the ST-segment elevation. ST-segment elevation usually indicates a total blockage of the involved coronary artery and that the heart muscle is currently dying. Non-STEMI heart attacks usually involve an artery with partial blockage, which usually does not cause as much heart muscle damage. While ECG results can suggest an NSTEMI, diagnosis usually requires a test that looks for a certain chemical, troponin, in your blood. When there’s damage to your heart muscle, those cells release troponin into your blood. If the blood test detects troponin and you don't have ST-segment elevation, this means it's likely you had a non-ST-elevation heart attack or NSTEMI. Several risk factors increase the chances of having a heart attack. You can change some of those factors, but not others. You can manage or modify lifestyle factors. These include: These factors include: There are an estimated 550,000 new heart attacks and 200,000 repeat heart attacks (meaning the person has had one before) heart attacks in the U.S. each year. About 38% of people who go to the emergency room with acute coronary syndrome were diagnosed with a STEMI. That means there are a little over 280,000 people who have a STEMI in the U.S. each year. The most common symptoms of heart attack, described by those having one, include: Women are less likely to say they have pain in the center of the chest or discomfort that feels like indigestion. Heart attack symptoms that women experience can often be those listed above but may also include: A physician will diagnose STEMI based on a combination of physical examination of your symptoms and diagnostic tests. Once you're medically stable, and if you're able to answer questions, a provider can do a physical examination and patient history assessment (where the doctor asks you questions about your medical history and personal circumstances). Tests done to confirm or rule out a heart attack diagnosis include: Electrocardiogram (EKG): This test, which shows electrical activity in the heart like a wave pattern (described above), is key to diagnosing a STEMI. Imaging: The most common imaging test used with suspected heart attacks is echocardiography. This test uses ultra-high-frequency sound waves to create an image of your heart, including the internal structure. This is also mobile and doable without moving you from a hospital bed, making it especially useful and fast in emergencies. Other imaging tests are also possible, especially when EKG or other tests are inconclusive but there’s still enough reason to suspect a heart attack. Use of the following tests is also possible: Lab testing: Damage to your heart’s cells causes them to release a chemical called troponin. A troponin test can help confirm a heart attack, which is important because a few other conditions can cause ST elevation. Some of those conditions include: Treating a STEMI is time-sensitive. That means the faster the treatment, the better the chances for a favorable outcome. If your blood oxygen levels are low, treatment may include supplemental oxygen. There are also several different potential treatments for heart attack, several of which may happen in sequence or at the same time. An interventional cardiologist performs this treatment, inserting a catheter-based device into a major blood vessel (usually in your wrist or near your upper thigh). They then thread the catheter up to your heart. Once there, the cardiologist injects contrast (“dye”) into your arteries to identify a blockage and may then inflate a balloon on the end of the catheter to clear the blockage. PCI is time-sensitive, which is why hospitals set a “door-to-balloon time” goal for heart attack cases. This is the time it takes for a patient to go from entering the ER to undergoing PCI, and faster is better. During PCI, placement of a stent (a scaffold-like device at the location of the blockage) is also possible. The stent will help hold the artery open and prevent another blockage from forming. In most cases, several medications are given early on in the treatment of heart attack. They include: Severe blockages of your heart's arteries may need coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG, pronounced like "cabbage). During this procedure, a surgeon takes a blood vessel from somewhere else in your body and uses it to craft a new blood vessel that bypasses the blockage. CABG is often called bypass surgery or open-heart surgery. There are several things you can do that will help prevent a heart attack. Perhaps the most important of them is to get a yearly physical. This annual visit with your primary care provider (sometimes called a checkup or wellness visit) is one of the most important ways to catch problems early. Conditions like high blood pressure or diabetes may not cause symptoms until they're advanced, but a healthcare provider can easily catch them during an annual checkup. There are several other steps — many of which your primary care provider can offer guidance and resources about — that you can take: However, because of the factors that you can’t change — especially your age and family history — preventing a heart attack isn’t always possible. Even so, it may be possible to delay when a heart attack happens. Recovering from a heart attack — or virtually any illness, for that matter — is also easier when you’re healthy. The length of a hospital stay after a heart attack can vary from case to case. It often depends on the severity of the attack and the treatments you received. The average hospital stay ranges from four days with PCI treatment to seven days with CABG surgery. The symptoms of your heart attack should decrease as you receive emergency care. It’s common for you to feel weaker or tired for several days after your heart attack and after you return home. The outlook after a STEMI depends on several factors. The most important factor is how much damage there is to the heart muscle from the STEMI. That’s why it is so critical that you get medical attention quickly if you experience symptoms of a STEMI. Your healthcare provider is the best person to tell you what your outlook is, what to expect and what you can do to improve your situation. Once you’ve had a heart attack, you have a greater risk of having another. Your healthcare provider will likely recommend rest and follow-up care to help reduce the risk of that happening. Some of the most likely types of follow-up care include: For the most part, you should be able to resume most of your usual activities within weeks or months after you return home. However, if you underwent surgery or your heart attack was more severe, your recovery will likely take longer. Your healthcare provider can tell you more about how long your recovery should take, what goals you can set and what you can do to help yourself recover. Most of the tips listed above under “Prevention” are also helpful here. In general, you should focus on maintaining your overall health and any symptoms you have. That includes: You should contact your healthcare provider anytime you have questions about your condition, care, medications, etc. This is especially true if you notice any changes to your health that haven’t yet become severe. Your provider can also tell you specific problems or signs that mean you should call them or seek medical attention. You should seek immediate medical attention if you have a sudden return or change in your symptoms, especially if they are symptoms of a heart attack or related problem. The main symptoms to watch for are: You should never drive yourself to the hospital if you think you might be having a heart attack. You should also not have someone drive you. Calling 911 (or the appropriate number for emergency services in your area) is best because of the following reasons. A note from Cleveland Clinic ST-elevation heart attacks are a dangerous and sometimes deadly condition. Fortunately, modern medicine’s understanding has uncovered effective ways to treat this problem. That understanding also is always growing, with new treatments, medications and methods continuing to become available. That means your chances of getting life-saving care and recovering — especially if you get care quickly — have never been better. Last reviewed by a Cleveland Clinic medical professional on 11/15/2021. Learn more about our editorial process.	0.9745	FineWeb	["Heart Attack", "ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI)", "Cardiovascular Health"]
Hardness and Conductivity of Die Forged ZYK530 Magnesium Alloy Keywords:heat treatment, die forged ZYK530 Mg alloy, hardness, conductivity The relationship among the microstructure, hardness and electrical conductivity of the as-forged ZYK530 Mg alloy after heat treatment was analyzed and studied using a microscope, X-Ray Diffractometer, eddy current conductivity meter, and Vickers microhardness tester, to explore optimum heat treatment process of ZYK530 Mg alloy. The results show that: with the prolongation of holding time, the electrical conductivity and microhardness show the same change trend, both of which show an oscillatory upward trend, and then decrease in an oscillatory downward trend after reaching the peak value. There is a linear positive correlation between the conductivity and the hardness, and the fitting results of the conductivity and hardness are in good agreement with the measured results; combined with the actual production, when the heat-treatment is 480 ℃ × 8 h + 220 ℃ × 3 h, the highest hardness is 79.2 HV, the electroconductivity is 36.2%IACS, and the comprehensive performance is the best, which is the best heat treatment process. The copyrights for articles in this journal are retained by the author(s), with first publication rights granted to the journal. By virtue of their appearance in this open-access journal, articles are free to use with proper attribution in educational and other non-commercial settings.	0.5511	FineWeb	[ "Heat Treatment of ZYK530 Mg Alloy", "Hardness and Conductivity Properties", "Microstructure Analysis" ]
The EPA’s Multispecies Care Survey is featured in a new online exhibition organized for Broto’s Art-Climate-Science annual conference which provides an online community for artists and scientists tackling aspects of climate change. The exhibition entitled “Agency” features work by a group of international artists exploring issues of climate and environmental justice. The show’s curator Margaret LeJeune asks: What exists at the intersection of empowerment, the climate crisis, and radical empathy? What does agency look like in a post-human world? And, can it be ascribed to non-human species, rivers and/or ecosystems?	0.517	FineWeb	1. Climate Change 2. Environmental Justice 3. Art-Climate-Science Conference
Notable Properties of Specific Numbers See also 3.732050.... The trivial solution of xy=xy is for x=y=2, and xy=xy=4. 4 is also the only x for which there exists a k such that hy(k, n, k) for all n (where hy(a, b, c) is the generalised hyper function). For information about superstitions related to this number, see tetraphobia. The cube of the golden ratio phi, and the value of these three expressions all involving Φ and its square: Φ2 × Φ = (Φ2}2 - (Φ)2 = (Φ2}3 / (Φ)3 Thus, Φ2 and Φ are the answer to an old algebra problem (from 78): What two numbers are those whose product, difference of their squares, and the ratio or quotient of their cubes, are all equal to each other? It is also equal to 1+2Φ. See also 2.618033... The (first) Feigenbaum constant, commonly designated by the Greek letter delta. It appears as the limit of the ratio of successive intervals between period-doubling domains in the iteration of a quadratic mapping, when varying the parameter continuously from the stable (single-attractor) domain towards the chaotic domain. x <- l x (1-x) where l is the parameter. In the Mandelbrot set, it shows up as the ratio between each "circle" and the next smaller one in the series of "circles" on the real axis connected to the large cardioid. (Only the first of these, the one centred at -0.75, is actually a perfect circle.) For more information, click here. The value is approximated to 7 digits by the formula π+arctan(eπ) (which is 4.6692019318...) The second Feigenbaum constant is 2.5029078750.... Because 6 is in A1109 (see 204 for details about that) and because its square 36 is triangular, this makes 6 a triangular number whose square is also triangular, the only such case apart from 0 and 1. There has been a grass-roots movement (beginning roughly at the time of Palais' 2001 opinion article in The Mathematical Intelligencer ) to replace the use of π with this constant. Palais called it "tau", but used a new "three-legged pi" symbol instead of the Greek letter τ, and described a "blight of factors of 2" throughout mathematics and physics that might be eliminated by replacing π with . Indeed, using this constant, some formulas become a little more elegant: we have cos(x+)=cos(x) in place of the normal cos(x+2π)=cos(x); Euler's identity becomes ei=1 rather than eπ=-1 or eπ+1=0; and so on. However, "tau" is a fringe culture phenomenon, and not accepted for use in e.g. high school or university mathematics education. According to Randall Munroe's What-If Numbers stream on Twitter, 6.5 is the "mass, in grams, of a kilometer-long strand of human hair". You'll find many similar numbers, most of them have units and/or are variable in value (example: "ounces of gold it would take to buy one ounce of 64GB MicroSD cards"). The smallest positive integer whose reciprocal has a pattern of more than one repeating digit: 1/7 = 0.142857142857... It is also the smallest number for which the digit sequence of 1/n is of length n-1 (the longest such a sequence can be). The next such numbers are 17, 19, 23, 29, 47, 59, 61, 97, 109, 113, ... (Sloane's integer sequence A6883). See 17 for more on this; see also my separate article, Fractions with Special Digit Sequences. Tests for divisibility by 7 are difficult. About the best one I've found is as follows (demonstrated by testing 4156726): - Remove the last digit and subtract twice this digit from the remaining number: 415672 - 2×6 = 415660 (You are subtracting 21×d and dividing by 10, where d is that last digit.) - Repeat this process: 41566 - 0×2 = 41566, 4156 - 6×2 = 4144, 414 - 4×2 = 406, 40 - 6×2 = 28 - The result is a multiple of 7 if and only if the original number is. There is another divisibility test that works as follows: - Alternately add and subtract groups of 3 digits starting from the right: 726-156+004=574. (If the result is negative, drop the sign) (This is done because 7 is a factor of 1001.) - If greater than 999, repeat the previous step. - Add the 1's digit, 3 times the 10's digit and twice the 100's digit: 4+3×7+2×5=35. (The reason for the multipliers: 1 = 1 mod 7, 10 = 3 mod 7, and 100 = 2 mod 7) - If desired, repeat previous step until result is small enough to tell at a glance if it's a multiple of 7: 5+3×3=14. - The result is a multiple of 7 if and only if the original number is. 7 is considered "lucky" by many people and given much spiritual significance. The early religious and cultural use of the 7-day week almost certainly arose from the fact that the moon goes through its 4 phases in a bit over 28 days, which divides nicely into 7 days per phase. Another, different connection between moon phases and 7 is that there are 7 easily distinguishable, visible phases of the moon: waxing crescent, first-quarter, waxing gibbous, full, waning gibbous, third-quarter, waning crescent. The new moon doesn't count because you can never see it (the sun is too bright). And there is also the well-known count of the 7 moving objects in the sky: sun, moon, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn. The square root of 62 has a remarkable digit pattern: √62 = 7.874 007874 011811 019685 034448... The "7874" repeats 6 digits later, then we get "11811" (which is 7874×3/2) and then "19685" (which is 7874×5/2). A similar pattern with an amazing similarity is seen in the square root of 2: √2 = 1.4 14 21 35 62 ... Again we have "14" repeated twice, then 14×3/2 = 21, then 14×5/2 = 35. These patterns of digits, and the recurrence of the ratios 2:2:3:5, is not a coincidence. They result from the fact that 62 times 127 squared equals 999998, which is a power of 10 minus 2; and similarly, 2 times 7 squared is 98. Note also that 62×127 = 7874, which are the first 4 digits of √62, and 2×7 = 14, the first 2 digits of √2. For a full understanding, we start with 1/999998 = 0.000001000002000004000008000016000032000064... a digit pattern featuring powers of 2 which is described in the 998 entry. Now it happens that 0.001000001 squared is 0.000001000002000001 (see 10201), and 0.001000001000001 squared is 0.000001000002000003... Since 1/999998 = 0.000001000002000004... is a little bigger than this, it makes sense that its square root should be a little bigger than 0.000001000001000001: √1/999998 = 0.001000001000001500002500004375007875... The sequence (1, 2, 4, 8, 16, ...) has become (1, 1, 1.5, 2.5, 4.375, ...) Those two 1's make the repeated digits possible. Now instead of the square root of 1/999998, we want the square root of an integer. Since the factors of 999998 are 2×31×1272, we can multiply √1/999998 by 2×31×127, which is 7874. The 7874 goes inside the radical and becomes 78742, then most everything cancels out: 7874 √1/999998 = √7874×7874/999998 = √62×999998/999998 = √62 √62 = 7874 √1/999998 = 7874 × 0.001000001000001500002500004375007875... = 7.874007874011811019685034448812007863... So we started with 999998, which is 2 fewer than a power of 10, and is divisible by 1272. The remaining part of 999998 is 62, and we found that the square root of 62 has the digits "7874", which is 62×127, and these digits are repeated. We saw a sequence (1, 1, 1.5, 2.5, 4.375, ...). These numbers come from the Taylor series expansion of √1/(1-2x), which is: √1/(1-2x) = 1 + x + 3x2/2 + 5x3/2 + 35x4/8 + 63x5/8 + ... √1/(1-2x) is related to √1/999998 in a simple way: if x=10-6, then √1/(1-2x) = √1/(1-0.000002) = √1/0.999998. This has the same digits as √1/999998, but with the decimal point shifted 3 places over. The coefficients of the Taylor series (the infinite polynomial) are the central binomial coefficients (OEIS sequence A000984) divided by the powers of 2: (1/1, 2/2, 6/4, 20/8, 70/16, 252/32, 924/64, 3432/128, 12870/256, 48620/512, ...). After reducing to simplest form, the numerators are OEIS sequence A001790 (1, 1, 3, 5, 35, 63, 231, 429, 6435, 12155, ...), and the denominators are OEIS sequence A060818, the highest powers of 2 that divide the factorial of N (1, 1, 2, 2, 8, 8, 16, 16, 128, 128, 256, ...). Square Root Digits in Other Bases This all generalises to other number bases, not just base 10. Whenever a multiple of a square plus 2 equals an exact power of the base, there is an integer whose square root has a block of repeating digits when displayed in that base. Here are some of the more remarkable examples in other bases: In base 2: √28 = 101.0100 1010100 11111111 ... √1820 = 101010.1010100 1010101010100 1111111111111 1010101010100 1110101010100 ... √116508 = 101010101.0101010100 1010101010101010100 1111111111111111111 1010101010101010100 1110101010101010100 1011111111111111111 0001111111111111110 ... √167772 = 110011001.100110011000 110011001100110011001 001100110011001100101 111111111111111111111 011111111111111111111 010011001100110011000 ... √85598 = 100100100.1001001001000 1001001001001001001000 1101101101101101101101 0110110110110110110110 0111111111111111111111 0111111111111111111111 0011111111111111111110 ... In base 3: √3 = 1.2 012 021 222 ... In base 4: √1820 = 222.2221111110333333311111032222211333330133331033331... √116508 = 11111.11110222222222133333333322222222213111111102333333332033333332... In base 5: √1735 = 131.31 13131 22222 13131 21211 44444 ..... In base 6: √276 = 24.34 02434 04053 ... In base 7: √977423 = 2611.43464 0261143464 0421565362 ... In base 8: √85598 = 444.444422222221555555533333331777777677777771777777... In base 16: √167772 = 199.998CCCCC999997FFFFEFFFFF4CCCC... Here are some base 23 examples, in which almost every pair of digits adds up to 'M' (which is the highest digit in base 23): In base 23: √16448427 = 7F7.F7 7F7F7 BBBBB 7F7F7 ACACA 5H5H5 ... √2434958270224475 = 7F7F7F.7F7F7 7F7F7F7F7F7 BBBBBBBBBBB 7F7F7F7F7F7 ACACACACACA 5G5G5G5G5G5 74747474746 BBBBBBBBBBA ... The smallest "non-trivial" cube: 8=23=2×2×2. When specifying directions on a map, most people choose from one of these 8 directions: north, northeast, east, southeast, south, southwest, west, and northwest. These are the 8 directions a queen or king in chess can move. The knight moves in 8 directions too, but not the same 8. In three-dimensional space there are 8 "diagonal" ways to move, corresponding to the eight "octants" you get if you divide the three-dimensional space with three mutually-perpendicular planes. In 4-dimensional space-time, there are 8 non-diagonal directions: up, down, left, right, forward, back, future, and past. Apart from the trivial cases of 0 and 1, 8 is the smallest number for which the sum of the digits of its cube is equal to the number: 83 = 512, 5 + 1 + 2 = 8. The largest number with this property is 27, and it is perhaps of interest that 8 and 27 are themselves cubes. A modern value of the "solar parallax", in arc-minutes. This is the angle subtended by the radius of the Earth at the mean distance from the Earth to the Sun. Measuring this angle was the purpose of the Venus transit observations in the 17th through 19th centuries used to establish the length of the astronomical unit and thus the scale of the solar system. See 149597870691 for more. 9 is the largest single-digit number. It would also be the least frequently used digit if it were not for the tendency of businesses to set prices that end with one or more 9's. In situations where the number doesn't matter much (like street or apartment numbers) it is the least frequently used. Because 9 is one less than the base of our number system, it is easy to see if a number is divisible by 9 by adding the digits (and repeating on the result if necessary). This process is sometimes called casting out nines. Similar processes can be developed for divisibility by 99, 999, etc. or any number that divides one of these numbers; see 11, 37 and 101 for examples. When you were learning your multiplication tables you might have noticed that if you were dividing a 2-digit number by 9, you could check to see if the two digits add up to 9, and if they do the answer is the first digit plus 1, or 10 minus the last digit: 63 / 9 = 6 + 1 or 10 - 3. This idea can be extended to give an easy way to divide a three-digit number by 9: 1. To start with, you need to know that the number is divisible by 9: The digits must add up to 9, 18 or 27. If they don't, subtract enough from the 3-digit number so that the digits add up to 9 or 18 (the amount you subtract is the remainder that will be left over after dividing by 9.) 2. Easy case: if it ends in 0, take the first two digits divided by 9, and add a 0 to the end. For example, 540 / 9 = 60, because 54 / 9 = 6 and you add a 0. You're done. 3. Otherwise, take the first digit, followed by the last digit subtracted from 10. For example, 477 / 9 gives 43: a 4, followed by a 3 which is 10 - 7. (This obviously only works if the 3-digit number is a multiple of 9 to start with, which is why you had to subtract the remainder in step 1.) 4. If the result from step 3 is less than or equal to the first two digits of the original number, add 10 to get the answer. Since 43 is smaller than 47 (the first two digits of 477) we need to add 10 to get 53. Another example: 819 / 9: Step 3 gives 81, but 81 is equal to the first two digits of 819 so we add 10 to get the answer, 91. This division technique is part of my method for testing divisibility by 27. π squared. In certain ancient cultures it was believed (or assumed for convenience) that π was the square root of 10. (ten, the most common base) Number of fingers on a typical human. 10 has many other cultural properties resulting from that, or indirectly through other cultural properties (the use of 10 as our base is a cultural phenomenon). The number of dimensions in a superstring theory that unifies general relativity with the other benefits of string theories. 11-D superstring theory dates back to Cremmer, Julia and Scherk in 1978. There are three ways to test for divisibility by 11. The first, and more commonly known, is to alternately add and subtract digits starting from the right. For example, to test the number 1234 you would compute 4-3+2-1. The original number is a multiple of 11 if and only if the answer is a (positive, negative or zero) multiple of 11 (in this case we get 2, so the answer is no). Another method is to add digits in groups of two starting (again) from the right, and repeat the process if necessary, until you get 2 identical digits (multiple of 11) or something else (not a multiple of 11). To test 51381 this way, we'd add 5+13+81 to get 99, which is two identical digits, so 51381 is a multiple of 11. However, the third method is the most useful, because it also gives the value of the quotient. It works by repeatedly subtracting the last digit from the remaining digits: 5138-1=5137, 513-7=506, 50-6=44, 4-4=0. If this process results in 0, the original number was divisible by 11, and the sequence of last-digits gives the quotient: The last digits were 1, 7, 6 and 4 so 51381/11=4671. The main reason why so many things are grouped in 12's (inches, months, donuts, hours) is because 12 can be divided evenly in more different ways than any other number of its size: It's divisible in 4 non-trivial ways (2, 3, 4 and 6). The next record-setter is 24 (hours in a day; case of beer), which is divisible in 6 different ways. Other popular division numbers like 60 (minutes, seconds) and 360 (angular degrees) are also factorisation record-setters. Numbers that set records for number of divisors are sometimes called "highly composite" numbers (Sloane's A2182). Here are the record-setters, arranged in a way that helps illustrate a couple points mentioned later: Some interesting things to note: - The sequence sometimes jumps a lot (like from 2520 to 5040) and sometimes a little (like from 50400 to 55440). This behavior continues, but the gaps get generally smaller; the last time it jumps by a factor of 2 appears to be the jump from 2520 to 5040. - If a number is a record-setter, that number times 10 is also sometimes a record-setter, but not the number times 100. - All the factorials up to 7!=5040 are record-setters, but 8!=40320 and all higher factorials are not. - The record-setters gradually incorporate bigger and bigger prime factors, but sometimes a prime factor is added, goes away, and then comes back. For example, the first multiple of 11 in the sequence is 27720; the next two (45360 and 50400) are not multiples of 11; after that 11 comes back to stay. Most higher prime factors come and go multiple times. - The record-setters with repeating digits, starting with 720720, continue for about 20 terms. The digit-pattern results from the factors of 1001. - Although not shown in the table, the number of divisors of a record-setter is often also a record-setter — for example, 6 has 4 divisors; 12 has 6 divisors; 60 has 12 divisors; 360 has 24 divisors. (See also 840, 5040, 293318625600 and 195643523275200.) A long-standing and fairly famous problem in mathematics (the "kissing number problem") involved proving that one cannot arrange more than 12 spheres of equal size so as to touch a central sphere. It seems pretty obvious if you try it, but there is also a fair amount of space between the spheres and one could perhaps in theory work out some sort of asymmetrical arrangement that would allow a 13th sphere to be added. It was eventually proven that 12 really is the limit. Related to the kissing problem is the sphere packing problem, which is determining how to fit the greatest number of equal-sized spheres into a given space. The familiar arrangement (seen in fruit stands for example) has each sphere touching 12 others; this was also proven to be the best possible. The fruit-stand arrangement is called a "face-centred cubic lattice packing". The typical stack of fruit in a fruit stand (usually a tetrahedron or a square pyramid) does not suggest the notion of "face-centred cubic", however they are actually equivalent (in the case of the tetrahedron stack, by rotating the entire lattice). To describe this with coordinates: spheres of radius √2/2 can be placed at every point (x,y,z) such that each of the three coordinates is an integer and the sum x+y+z is even; in such an arrangement each sphere touches 12 others. (For example, the sphere centred at the origin (0,0,0) touches four centred at (0,±1,±1), another four at (±1,0,±1) and four more at (±1,±1,0)). A cuboctahedron is a solid with 12 vertices and 14 sides (six squares and eight triangles). This shape, along with octahedra, can be used to completely fill space in all directions; each cuboctahedron touches six other cuboctahedra. If you ignore the octahedra, the cuboctahedra line up in a cube-like grid arrangement. When this is done with cuboctahedra of just the right size, the space-filling arrangement places the centres of the cuboctahedra at every position (x,y,z) such that all three coordinates are even integers, and places the vertices at every position (x,y,z) such that one coordinate is even and the other two odd; these are exactly the same coordinates as the just-described face-centred cubic lattice sphere packing. The word dozen comes (through French) from Latin duodecem ("two-ten")44 and thus is more similar to thirteen than most people realise. To test a number (example 746245952673) for divisibility by 13: - Remove the last digit, then add 4 times that digit to the remaining number: 74624595267+4×3 = 74624595279. (Each time you are adding 39d=(40-1)d and dividing by 10, where d is that removed digit.) - Repeat until it gets down to 40 or less: 7462459527+4×9 = 7462459563; 746245956+4×3 = 746245968; 74624596+4×8=74624628; 7462462+4×8 = 7462494; 746249+4×4 = 746265; 74626+4×5 = 74646; 7464+4×6 = 7488; 748+4×8 = 780; 78+4×0 = 78; 7+4×8 = 39. - If this process results in 0, 13, 26 or 39 the original number is a multiple of 13; otherwise it isn't. Another method goes like this: - Alternately add and subtract groups of 3 digits starting from the right: 673-952+245-746=-780. (If the result is negative, drop the sign.) (This works because 13 is a factor of 1001.) - If greater than 999, repeat the previous step. - Add 4 times the 100's digit plus 3 times the 10's digit, and subtract the 1's digit: 4×7+3×8-0=52. (The reason for the multipliers: 1 = 1 mod 13, 10 = -3 mod 13, and 100 = -4 mod 13; the signs are all reversed to make the result be usually positive.) - If necessary, repeat the previous step until the result is less than 40, or small enough to tell at a glance if it's a multiple of 13: 3×5-2=13. - The result is a multiple of 13 if and only if the original number is. For information about superstitions related to this number, see triskaidekaphobia. A Rhombic dodecahedron is a three dimensional figure with 14 vertices positioned like the 8 vertices of a cube combined with the 6 vertices of an octahedron that is suitably scaled (so that all 12 of its rhomboid faces are planar). Rhombic dodecahedra can be used to completely fill space in all directions; each shares a face with 12 neighbors. The centres of the rhombic dodecahedra then coincide with the centres of spheres placed in a close packing in a symmetric, regular repeating lattice pattern with each sphere touching 12 others, a "face-centred cubic" lattice. The 4-dimensional analogue of the rhombic dodecahedron is the 24-cell. In base 10 there are fairly easy tests for divisibility by the prime numbers 2, 3, 5 and 11. The lowest base with easy tests for four primes is base 6 (2, 3, 5 and 7). In base 14, you can test for divisibility by 2, 3, 5, 7 and 13. The record-setters for this property (bases with high numbers of testable primes) are shown here. The primes in bold are tested just by looking at the last digit; the primes in the plain font are tested by the digit-addition technique (casting out 9's); the primes in italic are tested by alternate addition and subtraction (see the entry on 11 for a description): Notice that all of these except 5617821 are even. Quick index: if you're looking for a specific number, start with whichever of these is closest: 0.065988... 1 1.618033... 3.141592... 4 12 16 21 24 29 39 46 52 64 68 89 107 137.03599... 158 231 256 365 616 714 1024 1729 4181 10080 45360 262144 1969920 73939133 4294967297 5×1011 1018 5.4×1027 1040 5.21...×1078 1.29...×10865 1040000 109152051 101036 101010100 — — footnotes Also, check out my large numbers and integer sequences pages.	0.858	FineWeb	1. Notable properties of specific numbers 2. Divisibility tests 3. Number patterns and sequences
S.P.I.R.E. Level 5 Blackline Master, Third Edition School Specialty Shipping Policy Items Shipped Within the Contiguous 48 United States - Item Ships Free with your pricing program. Free Shipping Eligible - Free shipping and handling on eligible supply orders of $49 or more. Free shipping calculation is based on the subtotals of eligible items, after any additional discounts are applied. - For subtotals less than $49, the shipping and handling charge is $9.95. Free Shipping Eligible with your Pricing Program - If the pricing program minimum subtotal is met item Ships Free with your Pricing Program. Free shipping calculation is based on the subtotals of eligible items on your pricing program, after any additional discounts are applied. - Free Shipping Eligible when Pricing Program minimum is met. If the pricing program minimum subtotal is not met shipping and handling charges are 15% of the subtotal of the items, after any additional discounts are applied, with a $99 minimum charge. Free Shipping Ineligible - Shipping and handling charges are 15% of the subtotal of the items, after any discounts are applied, with a $9.95 minimum charge. Free Shipping Ineligible - Shipping and handling charges are 15% of the subtotal of the items, after any discounts are applied, with a $99 minimum charge. If the subtotal is greater than $1,000, please call 1-877-350-0645 or E-mail [email protected] for a freight quote Items Shipped to Hawaii, Alaska and InternationalSee our Hawaii & Alaska Shipping Policy and International Shipping Policy for details. S.P.I.R.E. is a research-proven reading intervention program for your lowest performing students. It is designed to build reading success through an intensive, structured, and spiraling curriculum that incorporates phonological awareness, phonics, spelling, fluency, vocabulary, and comprehension in a systematic 10-Step lesson plan. - All materials within Blackline Master can be copied and reproduced for widespread use for school, home practice, and more - Variety of instructional activities, reading tests, and review assessments provide measurable literacy success and feedback through each lesson plan - Comprehensive lesson plan and activities cover phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary, and comprehension of each literacy and phonics concept for S.P.I.R.E. Level 5 - A proven educational asset for ELL (English Language Learners), students with dyslexia, or other students with special needs - Lesson Planner - Graphic Organizers - Key Word Concept Sheets - Phoneme Segmentation Sheets - Phoneme-Grapheme Sheets - Fluency Drills - Quick Checks - Decoding Assessments - Post-Level Assessment - Variety of Formal and Informal Assessments - Designed to bring non-readers and struggling readers to full literacy upon completion of the program - The Initial Placement Assessment (IPA) places students at the appropriate level of S.P.I.R.E. - Based on the Orton-Gillingham approach to reading instruction, which incorporates sound instruction S.P.I.R.E. Reading Intervention Program S.P.I.R.E. ® is a research-proven reading intervention program that can produce dramatic results for non-readers, struggling readers, and students with dyslexia. It is designed to build reading success through an intensive, structured, and spiraling curriculum that incorporates phonological awareness, phonics, spelling, fluency, vocabulary, and comprehension. Each grade level uses systemic, sequentially structured lessons to ensure permanent mastery of concepts through auditory, visual, and kinesthetic activities. Learn with S.P.I.R.E. - Each level of S.P.I.R.E. follows a consistent 10-Step Lesson structure that employs multisensory instruction - Multisensory lessons include auditory, visual, and kinesthetic learning modalities - Every concept covered has one Introductory Lesson and one or more Reinforcing Lessons - Predictable lesson structure helps students focus on each new concept - Quick-paced, hands-on lessons keep students engaged For More Information - Visit our S.P.I.R.E. website to learn about the many components that make up the S.P.I.R.E. program, including complementary products to help you customize and design the reading intervention that best fits the needs of your students. - Contact a sales consultant for more information on how you can best utilize this program in your school or district. Our sales consultants are your resource for product presentations, workshops, and product review samples. S.P.I.R.E. PrintTeachers and students work with print and manipulatives for a multisensory classroom experience. iSPIRE OnlineStudents work with online activities and manipulatives. All teacher materials are online allowing for real-time progress monitoring.	0.6872	FineWeb	1. Shipping Policy 2. S.P.I.R.E. Reading Intervention Program 3. Product Information
Objective: To study the association of cigarette smoking with risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), among 377,481 female health professionals in the Women's Health Cohort Study. Methods: Subjects completed mailed questionnaires regarding demographics, health habits, including cigarette smoking history, and medical history, including RA diagnosis made by a physician and date of diagnosis. Of 7,697 women who self-reported RA, 3,416 reported seropositive RA. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to retrospectively assess the associations of smoking intensity and duration with the risk of developing RA or seropositive RA. Cigarette smoking status was treated as a time-varying exposure in these regression models. Results: In multivariate analyses controlling for age, race, education, age at menarche, pregnancy history, menopausal status, and postmenopausal hormone use, duration of smoking was associated with a significantly increased risk of both RA and seropositive RA (both P < 0.01 for trend), after adjusting for smoking intensity. Women who smoked > or =25 cigarettes/day for more than 20 years experienced a 39% increased risk of RA and 49% increased risk of seropositive RA. However, smoking intensity (number of cigarettes/day) was unrelated to risk of RA or seropositive RA (both P = 0.3 for trend), after adjusting for duration of smoking. Conclusion: Duration, but not intensity, of cigarette smoking is associated with a modest increased risk of RA in women.	0.876	FineWeb	* Introduction to Rheumatoid Arthritis * Association of Cigarette Smoking with RA Risk * Research Methods and Results
How scary might it look if you thought you had already turned off the electric stove, but it continuously made noise? Of course, there is a reasonable cause why your electric stove behaves that way and keeps on clicking when off. Can an Electric Oven Making Clicking Noises Indicate Danger? Not at all. An oven or a furnace making a clicking noise is standard when you engage the oven igniter. Once it is engaged, you can hear around 3 to 5 clicks before the burner reaches the constant heating level. Check oven fan motor is working. A conventional gas oven has an electric fan to assist in controlling the heat. PRO TIP: Noisy electric stove igniters could be dirty. When cooking, dirt and grime can collect around the spark ignition switch and stay there for a while. When stuck for long, this mess will choke on the knob and prevent it from turning smoothly. Before you proceed into the delusion that something weird is going on with your stove, it is better to keep calm and that this kind of situation is simple to solve. Next Read: Why My Microwave Making Popping Noise? Perhaps, before we can answer why electric stoves make noise, it is better to ask, “do electric stoves click”? Reasons Behind Electric Stoves Making Noise When Off To completely get enlightened on how an electric stove can make a noise is to get familiar with the parts. Your electric stove mainly has the following parts: - Burners or coils - Burner cap - Induction cooktop; gas cooktop for gas range - Control panel: Manual control panel includes knobs, while the digital control panel depends on flat panels. - Drip pan - Control knobs The most important part of an electric stove is the heating units or heating elements. The coil or burner, burner cover, and drip pan comprise the electric stove’s heating element. Conventional electric stoves and even a gas stoves have a manual control knob, a mechanical timer, and a burner grate. Digital electric stoves have a different design. And it also depends on the brand of electric stove you have at home. For example, the Wolf igniter keeps clicking when off, which means something in the control knob prevents it from returning to its normal position. Make sure that there is nothing stuck into it, and check if the clicking sound continues. Most of the clicking sound from an electric stove would come from control knobs but in other parts. Let’s find them. - Food debris around manual igniters. - Moisture buildup. - Internal electrical malfunction on burners. Common Electric Stove Noise and Troubleshooting: Electric Stove Making a Buzzing Noise Old electric stoves have conventional electric coils. These burner coils will produce will buzz, rattle, or vibrate when heating up due to the welding design on the heating element. Electric Hob Making a Clicking Noise The clicking or ticking noise on the hob is normal. But when it becomes a ticking noise, it could be that the hob design does not fit perfectly. Next Read: Gas Oven Sounds Like a Blowtorch : [5 Easy Ways to Fix] The ticking noise could also come from the initial coil heating as it revs up as the heat reacts to the metal material of the cooktop. The coils of your electric stove are made of metal. So when the coils start to heat while cooking, it will produce a popping sound when something hits the coil. Since coils are scorching and cool down gradually, they will typically make noise when attracted to an opposite temperature. To solve? Let it cool down before attempting to clean it. Avoid spilling food debris on the coils, especially when hot. It is normal to hear a humming noise from your electric stove when turning it on the first time. This humming sound or buzzing noise continues while the coils are burning. If the humming sound increases and does not stop, there could be something wrong with the coil or its attachment to the hob. The sparking noise coming from your electric stove could result from loose wiring or defective heating elements. Most of the parts in the heating element are metal, so any loose connection could initiate a spark anytime. A broken spark plug or spark electrode can produce a spark in seconds. Do not splice on your own, as handling electrical matters is deadly. Call an experienced electrician or bring your electric stove for repair. The ticking noise from your electric stove could come from the internal settings of the switch. This means that there is an electrical malfunction happening inside the wiring of the controller button. Let your professional stove dealer or repairman check the electrical wiring of your stove and fix the issue. Don’t attempt to do it by yourself. PRO TIP: Is it dangerous when you hear a clicking noise? Sometimes it is. When the igniter is blocked, it is hazardous for the coil to heat without letup. Signs You Need a New Electric Stove When we encounter troubles with our home appliances, such as electric stoves, the first thing in mind is to call the repair guy. Hoping that your appliance is under warranty, you get to enjoy a free service to fix your electric stove, especially when it is making weird noises. An electric stove that is beyond repair means you have to say goodbye. Though it is not evident on your part because you are not an expert on electrical matters, here we give you hints that you should start thinking about buying a new electric stove and replacing the broken one. - Broken plug and fuse box: If after trying to use other outlets but your stove doesn’t on, there’s something wrong with the electrical circuit breaker or power supply. - Not heating/rapid heating: if you encounter any of these two electrical issues, have the knobs checked. If they are not the source of non-heating or overheating, it could be loose coils or coil failure. Coils are failing to glow red means you should replace them. - Scorched countertops: When you notice that the countertop of your stove is turning yellow, it is having trouble controlling the heat. This indicates the cooling fan isn’t working anymore or the seal is worn out, and the unit has to go. How Long Does the Cooling fan on an Electric Cooktop Run? The cooling fan in an electric stove serves as a supplement to quicken and balance the heat distribution in the cooking. This cooling fan takes a while to cool after cooking. It would take around an hour and a half or less for it to cool down completely. The other essential purpose of the convection fan wall oven is to dissipate hot air faster. This is effective if you leave the convection oven door open. But if one oven fan blade is broken, it is not that efficient. - Bad top burners: You can exchange bad burners for working burners. But if the burner still doesn’t heat, it could be the socket of the switch. How Long Does the Surface of an Electric Cooktop Stay Hot? - The cooling down of your electric stove cooktop depends on how long you use the burners and how many burners you use simultaneously. - If it takes ten minutes to heat them, it is longer to cool down unless you lower the heat instantly. You can use a cold cloth to wipe the surface if you feel the top has cooled down enough to touch. - Most electric stoves have indicator lights saying that the burner is off. Can Electric Stoves Explode? An explosion will only happen for severe coil or heating element problems. The start of sparks often come from loose wiring connections and defective sockets. Since the current is a powerful and dangerous energy, it can start a fire with a slight flicker. So, depending on the scenario, yes, electric stoves can explode. For gas appliances, the spark module is faulty when you see a slight spark between the ignitor and the edge of the gas stove burner. PRO TIP: Electric stoves last for around 10 to 15 years. An old age stove more than that needs replacing because even parts keep updating in time. It is your daily life that is at stake here. Don’t settle for old and failing electrical appliances such as your electric stove. Take note that cooking is not just an everyday activity, depending on how many times you cook and eat in a day. So it is only expected that your electric stove will burn out from its normal function. Carelessness is also a factor in why your stove may not be functioning well and creates unusual noises when you cook and even when it is off. Whatever the case could be, if it is out of the repairman’s hands, it is time to shop for a new electric stove to save you money, time, and life. Even the skilled stove technician would recommend the same if he didn’t figure out the real issue. Enjoy your peace of mind while cooking, knowing that you saved a ton of money on needless repairs by purchasing a brand-new unit and protecting your home from fire. If you wish to find similar articles that deal with sound and noise, you will be surprised that there’s more to learn! So keep in the know all the time. Robert is an electronic engineer with more than five years of experience with a solid affinity for helping people reduce noise. He writes about these silent home appliances and easy soundproofing measures to help everyone avoid the negative effect of extended exposure to high noise levels.	0.6579	FineWeb	* Electric Stove Noise * Troubleshooting Electric Stove Issues * Electric Stove Maintenance and Replacement
Living with an aortic aneurysm can be an incredibly daunting experience, and understanding how to manage the anxiety that comes with knowing you have an aortic aneurysm can be difficult. This article will explore the ways in which you can manage your aortic aneurysm anxiety. From understanding your diagnosis to developing a plan of action, this article will provide helpful tips and advice to assist in managing your aortic aneurysm anxiety. What are the most common symptoms of aortic aneurysm anxiety? The most common symptoms of aortic aneurysm anxiety are chest or abdominal pain, shortness of breath, dizziness, feeling of weakness, and a racing heart. Other symptoms may include nausea, sweating, and a feeling of impending doom. What possible side effects may occur when using CBD to treat aortic aneurysm anxiety? Possible side effects of using CBD to treat aortic aneurysm anxiety include dry mouth, drowsiness, lightheadedness, changes in appetite, and nausea. It is important to consult with a healthcare professional before using any CBD product to ensure that it is safe and effective for you. Additionally, it is important to monitor for any adverse effects that may occur. How can CBD help reduce stress and anxiety associated with an aortic aneurysm? CBD has been shown to be effective in reducing inflammation and relieving symptoms associated with anxiety, such as tension, restlessness, and a racing heartbeat. CBD can help reduce anxiety caused by an aortic aneurysm by helping to reduce inflammation, as well as providing natural calming effects that can help relieve stress and anxiety. Additionally, CBD may help to reduce the risk of aortic aneurysm ruptures by helping to reduce inflammation and improving the overall health of the artery walls. Are there any other alternative treatments for reducing the anxiety associated with an aortic aneurysm? Yes, there are other alternative treatments for reducing the anxiety associated with an aortic aneurysm. These treatments include cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), relaxation techniques such as progressive muscle relaxation and deep breathing, and acupuncture. Additionally, exercise, yoga, and mindfulness can help reduce stress and anxiety. What dosage of CBD is recommended for treating aortic aneurysm anxiety? The exact dosage of CBD needed to treat aortic aneurysm anxiety will depend on a variety of factors including the severity of the anxiety and the individual’s body weight and metabolism. Generally, it is recommended to start with a low dose of CBD and gradually increase the amount until the desired effects are achieved. It is important to speak to your doctor before taking any CBD to ensure it is safe and appropriate for your specific condition. Can a doctor hear an aortic aneurysm? No, a doctor cannot hear an aortic aneurysm. However, a doctor can diagnose an aortic aneurysm by performing imaging tests such as an ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI. Aneurysms can also be identified through physical examination and blood tests. It is important for individuals with aortic aneurysm anxiety to be aware of the symptoms and seek medical attention when necessary. What can be mistaken for aortic aneurysm? Aortic aneurysm anxiety is a common concern for those at risk of developing the condition, as well as their families and friends. However, it is important to remember that many other conditions can be mistaken for aortic aneurysm, such as angina, aortic stenosis, pericardial effusion, and even benign tumors. If you have any concerns about your health, it is important to speak to a medical professional and get a proper diagnosis. Can aortic stenosis cause anxiety? Yes, aortic stenosis can cause anxiety. Aortic stenosis is a condition in which the aortic valve of the heart is narrowed, causing the heart to work harder to pump blood through the body. As a result, the person may experience feelings of anxiety, chest pain, fatigue, shortness of breath, and dizziness. Additionally, due to the fear of aortic aneurysm rupture, people living with aortic stenosis may experience higher levels of anxiety. How fast does an enlarged aorta grow? An enlarged aorta, also known as an aortic aneurysm, can grow quickly and unpredictably. Depending on the size and location of the aneurysm, it can grow at different rates, from as slowly as 1mm per year to as quickly as 3-4mm per month. It is important to closely monitor an aortic aneurysm with regular imaging tests to ensure it is not growing too quickly. If an aneurysm is growing quickly, it may require surgical intervention to prevent a rupture. Is a 4 cm aorta normal? A 4 cm aorta is generally considered to be within the normal range for an adult. An aortic aneurysm is defined as an enlargement of the aorta beyond the normal size, which is typically 5 cm or more. Therefore, a smaller aorta is unlikely to be an indication of an aneurysm and should not cause undue anxiety. Can aortic aneurysm cause palpitations? Yes, aortic aneurysm can cause palpitations. An aortic aneurysm is an enlargement of the aorta, the main artery running from the heart. Palpitations occur when the heart beats faster or harder than normal, and this can be caused by the extra strain on the heart caused by the aneurysm. In addition, anxiety can also accompany aortic aneurysm, which can lead to palpitations. How do you rule out an aneurysm? Aortic aneurysm anxiety can be ruled out by visiting a doctor for a physical examination and tests, such as a CT scan or MRI, to assess the size of the aorta and determine whether an aneurysm is present. If an aneurysm is found, the doctor may recommend further treatment or monitoring to ensure it does not become larger. Can aortic aneurysm cause anxiety? Yes, aortic aneurysm can cause anxiety. People with an aortic aneurysm may become anxious due to the risks associated with the condition, including the possibility of an aneurysm rupturing. Additionally, the diagnosis process of an aortic aneurysm can also cause anxiety. Can emotional stress cause an aneurysm? Yes, emotional stress can cause an aortic aneurysm. Studies have shown that stress can increase an individual’s risk of developing an aortic aneurysm, as well as worsen the symptoms of an existing aneurysm. Anxiety and depression have also been linked to an increased risk of aortic aneurysm. How do you know if an aortic aneurysm is leaking? An aortic aneurysm can be detected through an ultrasound or MRI scan. If an aneurysm is leaking, it may cause symptoms such as pain in the chest or abdomen, dizziness, sweating, nausea, and difficulty breathing. In some cases, an aneurysm may not cause any symptoms, so it is important to speak to a doctor if you have any concerns about an aortic aneurysm or have any risk factors for developing one. Can aortic aneurysms go away? No, aortic aneurysms cannot go away. Once they form, they will remain unless they are surgically repaired. This can be a source of anxiety for those with aortic aneurysms, as the risks associated with them can be significant. However, it is important to remember that there is help available and that many people with aortic aneurysms can go on to live healthy and full lives. What does it feel like to have an aortic aneurysm? Having an aortic aneurysm can be a very frightening experience, as it can cause a great deal of anxiety and worry. People who have been diagnosed with an aortic aneurysm may experience feelings of fear, uncertainty and doubt about their future, as well as a sense of helplessness. Some may also experience physical symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, fatigue, dizziness, and sweating. It is important to seek medical attention if any of these symptoms arise. How do you rule out an aortic aneurysm? Aortic aneurysm anxiety can be a serious concern. To rule out an aortic aneurysm, a doctor may perform imaging tests such as an echocardiogram or CT scan of the chest. These tests can help to detect an aneurysm and determine its size. A doctor may also take a medical history and do a physical exam to check for any risk factors for aortic aneurysm. If an aneurysm is detected, a doctor may recommend treatments such as lifestyle changes, medications, or surgery. What causes aorta to enlarge? Aortic aneurysm anxiety can be caused by several factors, including age, high blood pressure, smoking, and high cholesterol levels. A weak artery wall can also cause an aneurysm, resulting in a widening or ballooning of the aorta. In some cases, trauma or injury can damage the artery wall and cause an aneurysm. Additionally, aortic aneurysm anxiety can be caused by certain medical conditions such as Marfan syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, and polycystic kidney disease. Can vitamin C shrink an aortic aneurysm? No, vitamin C does not have any effect on an aortic aneurysm. Aortic aneurysm is a serious medical condition and requires prompt medical attention. If left untreated, it can cause life-threatening complications, including death. Treatment options for aortic aneurysm typically include lifestyle modification, medications, and surgery. Can stress and depression cause an aneurysm? Yes, stress and depression can cause an aortic aneurysm, which is a bulge in the wall of the aorta, the main artery in the body. Stress and depression can lead to an increase in the activity of the sympathetic nervous system, which in turn can cause the walls of the artery to weaken and the aneurysm to form. Additionally, high levels of stress hormones may contribute to inflammation and damage in the arteries, which can lead to an aneurysm. How quickly can an aortic aneurysm develop? An aortic aneurysm can develop quite quickly, depending on the size and location of the aneurysm. In some cases, an aneurysm can develop over the course of a few weeks or months. It is important to be aware of the signs and symptoms of an aortic aneurysm and to seek medical attention as soon as possible. Can aortic aneurysm shrink? Yes, aortic aneurysm can shrink, but it depends on the severity and type of aneurysm. Endovascular repair is a treatment option that can be used to reduce the size of an aneurysm and prevent it from rupturing. However, there is no guarantee that the aneurysm will shrink, and the treatment can carry risks. Therefore, it is important for aneurysm patients to speak to their doctor about the best treatment option for them. What triggers aortic aneurysm? Aortic aneurysm anxiety can be triggered by many things, such as strenuous physical activity, high blood pressure, smoking, atherosclerosis, and trauma to the aorta. It can also be caused by genetic factors. Anxiety can also be triggered by a fear of the aneurysm rupturing or the potential complications of surgery. Can you physically feel an aneurysm? Yes, an aortic aneurysm can be felt physically. Symptoms of an aortic aneurysm may include chest pain, abdominal pain, back pain, and a pulsing sensation. If an individual has any of these symptoms, they should seek medical attention right away. Other symptoms of an aortic aneurysm can include shortness of breath, sweating, and anxiety. How likely is it to have a aortic aneurysm? It is difficult to estimate the likelihood of having an aortic aneurysm as it can vary from person to person. Generally speaking, the risk of having an aortic aneurysm increases with age and people who have a family history of aortic aneurysms are more likely to have one. People should consult their doctor to determine their personal risk. However, it is important to remember that anxiety about aortic aneurysms is common and not necessarily indicative of the likelihood of having one. Can an aneurysm cause mood swings? Aortic aneurysm anxiety can cause mood swings due to the fear and worry associated with it. This fear can cause a person to become anxious or depressed, and can lead to changes in mood, such as feeling on edge or irritable. It can also cause a person to feel overwhelmed and have difficulty concentrating. Can an aortic aneurysm cause depression? Yes, an aortic aneurysm can cause depression. Anxiety is also a common symptom of aortic aneurysms, as the fear of an aneurysm rupture can be quite overwhelming. This fear can lead to feelings of depression as the individual worries about their health and future. It is important to speak to a mental health professional if anxiety or depression become overwhelming. Can you stop a aortic aneurysm from growing? Aortic aneurysm anxiety is a condition caused by an abnormal ballooning of the aorta, the main artery in the body. While there is no definitive way to stop an aortic aneurysm from growing, there are steps you can take to reduce your risk of it growing or rupturing. These include making lifestyle changes, such as quitting smoking and eating a healthy diet, and taking prescribed medications to reduce your blood pressure. Regular check-ups with your doctor and ultrasound scans of the aorta can also help monitor the size of the aneurysm and detect any changes. Can you feel an aortic aneurysm coming? No, it is not possible to feel an aortic aneurysm coming. Aortic aneurysms often do not produce any symptoms until they rupture or cause other complications. Therefore, it is important to consult with your healthcare provider if you are experiencing any signs or symptoms that could indicate an aneurysm, including chest pain, abdominal pain, or difficulty breathing. Can an aortic aneurysm be caused by stress? Yes, an aortic aneurysm can be caused by stress. Stress can cause the walls of the aorta to weaken, which can lead to an aneurysm. Stress-related anxiety can also cause an increase in blood pressure, which can further weaken the walls of the aorta and cause an aneurysm. It is important to manage stress levels and keep blood pressure at a healthy level to reduce the risk of an aortic aneurysm. Can stress make an aneurysm worse? Yes, stress can make an aortic aneurysm worse. Studies have shown that anxiety and stress can increase the risk of aortic aneurysms and can also cause an aneurysm to rupture. Therefore, it is important to manage stress and anxiety levels to reduce the risk of aortic aneurysm complications. Is aneurysm connected to mental health? Aortic aneurysm anxiety can be a common mental health concern for those with a history of aneurysms. Anxiety can manifest in many ways, such as worrying about the aneurysm rupturing or feeling overwhelmed by medical treatments and hospital visits. Some people may also experience difficulty completing daily tasks or engage in avoidance behaviors. It is important to talk to a mental health professional if you are feeling overwhelmed by aortic aneurysm anxiety. How do you live with an unruptured aneurysm? If you have been diagnosed with an unruptured aortic aneurysm, it is important to take steps to manage your anxiety and worry. Make sure to talk to your doctor regularly and follow their recommended treatment plan. Additionally, it can be helpful to practice stress management techniques such as yoga, meditation, and deep breathing. It is also important to eat a healthy diet, get regular exercise, and get plenty of sleep. Finally, it is helpful to talk to a counselor or therapist if you are feeling overwhelmed with anxiety or worry. Do you feel anything when you have an aneurysm? It is possible to experience anxiety or fear when you have an aortic aneurysm. Symptoms of anxiety can include chest tightness, panic, fear, and difficulty breathing. People may also experience physical symptoms such as a racing heart rate, nausea, dizziness, trembling, sweating, and confusion. If you have an aortic aneurysm and are feeling anxious or scared, talk to your doctor about your concerns and possible treatments. Can aortic aneurysm symptoms come and go? Yes, aortic aneurysm symptoms can come and go. It is important to monitor any changes in your symptoms, as they can indicate an increase in the size of the aneurysm or a rupture of the aneurysm. Aortic aneurysm can cause a great deal of anxiety, so it is important to speak to your doctor if you are experiencing any symptoms or if your symptoms become more severe or frequent. Why must an aneurysm be careful to avoid stress? Aortic aneurysms are typically caused by a weakening in the wall of the aorta, which can be exacerbated by physical or emotional stress. Mental stress can cause a rise in blood pressure, which can cause the aorta wall to become even more weakened and may even lead to the aneurysm rupturing. Therefore, it is important for someone with an aortic aneurysm to avoid excessive stress in order to reduce their risk of an aneurysm rupture. Can anxiety cause abdominal aortic aneurysm? Anxiety itself does not cause abdominal aortic aneurysm, but it can contribute to an unhealthy lifestyle that can increase the risk of developing the condition. People with anxiety may be more likely to engage in unhealthy behaviors like smoking, drinking excessive amounts of alcohol, and having an unhealthy diet, all of which can increase the risk of developing an abdominal aortic aneurysm. It is important for people who suffer with anxiety to maintain a healthy lifestyle and to speak with a doctor if they are concerned about their risk of developing this condition.	0.9952	FineWeb	* Aortic Aneurysm Symptoms * Aortic Aneurysm Diagnosis * Aortic Aneurysm Treatment
List of publications on a keyword: «trading company» Otsenka vliianiia faktorov vneshnei sredy na torgovuiu organizatsiiuBook ChapterManagement Problems in Socio-Economic Systems: Theory, Methodology, Practice - Olga V. Mishulina - Work direction: - Глава 1. Проблемы управления конкурентоспособностью организации в современных условиях - The study presents an analysis of the external environment of a trading enterprise based on modern methods for assessing its strategic capabilities. The concept and features of the external environment of commercial organizations are analyzed; PEST analysis of the confectionery industry, analysis of the environmental profile of the indirect impact on the trading company using expert judgment; identified opportunities and threats using the method of positioning; The degree of intensity of competition based on the five factor model of Porter is determined. The result of the study is the development of possible directions for the development of a trading enterprise in the future using the SWOT method – analysis and establishing relationships in assessing the impact of the organizational environment on a trading company using the «cross-impact analysis» method, which made it possible to formulate four sets of possible strategic alternatives. - strategy, trading company, external environment of direct impact, external environment of indirect impact, PEST-analysis, SWOT-analysis	0.9891	FineWeb	1. Trading company strategy 2. External environment analysis 3. Competitive factors assessment
What is superelevation in railway? Get Access to: Lost your password? Please enter your email address. You will receive a link and will create a new password via email. Please briefly explain why you feel this question should be reported. Please briefly explain why you feel this answer should be reported. Please briefly explain why you feel this user should be reported. Superelevation, also called cant, is a term used to describe the amount of banking added to railway tracks in order to counterbalance the effects of centripetal forces. This is done to ensure the lateral stability of a train when it is travelling at high speeds around a curve. The banking angle increases the centrifugal force, which opposes the centripetal force generated by the turn. This helps prevent the train from capsizing or having its wheels leave the track.	0.9965	FineWeb	null
Okay I searched all over regarding this topic but to no avail. While yukkuris do not have a set canon of any sort, there are universal ideas that are shared in all head canons. Now I assume there are those more widely read about this or at least have a more "realistic" take in just how much food does a yukkuri eat to at least feel satisfied? Does it eat (there are some unverifiable sources on the internet) half of its weight like humans per month? Because if so that would mean it would be eating about 1.6% to 2% of its weight every day so a 3 kg yu would be eating around 60 grams of food to get by for the day. So does this make sense to you guys? I know that yukkuri voraciousness tends to be portrayed quite a lot in most works but they do show that after a huge meal, huge poop is to be immediately expected, so that sort of answers why yus can eat more than what they should actually consume. So this sort of explains how a creature so weak can actually survive despite it being designed like a walking death flag as it can actually just subsist on what little scraps it can scrounge near its nest. Now assuming that is the case, food shortages in yukkuri communities are directly caused by their greed and overconsumption after all assuming all yus average 3 kilos, 60 grams per yu is very easy to attain considering they can handle eating spoiled and even rotting food.	0.8716	FineWeb	* Yukkuri eating habits * Yukkuri food consumption * Yukkuri community food shortages
The Importance of Attic Ventilation: Ensuring a Healthy Roofing System Attic ventilation plays a vital role in maintaining the health and longevity of your roof, especially in Michigan’s climate. Unfortunately, many homeowners and even roofing contractors overlook the significance of proper attic ventilation. In this comprehensive guide, we will delve into the importance of attic ventilation, its relevance to asphalt roof systems in Michigan, and provide valuable insights to ensure your attic is adequately ventilated. The Role of Attic Ventilation: Proper attic ventilation plays a crucial role in maintaining the overall health and longevity of your roof in Michigan’s climate. The extreme temperature fluctuations experienced in the state can cause roofing materials to expand and contract, leading to stress and potential damage over time. Attic ventilation serves as a vital mechanism to regulate the temperature and moisture levels in the attic, mitigating these issues and preserving the integrity of the roof. During the scorching summers, the temperature in the attic can rise significantly, reaching well over 90 degrees Fahrenheit. Without adequate ventilation, this trapped heat can transfer into the living spaces below, making your home uncomfortable and increasing the load on your cooling system. Moreover, the excessive heat buildup in the attic can accelerate the aging process of roofing materials. It can cause shingles to deteriorate, lose their granules, and become brittle, leading to a reduced lifespan of the roof. In the frigid winters of Michigan, temperatures can dip well below freezing. Without proper ventilation, warm air from the living spaces below can rise into the attic and become trapped. This trapped warm air can cause the underside of the roof deck to become warmer, resulting in the melting of snow on the roof. As this melted snow refreezes at the eaves and gutters, ice dams can form, which can lead to water infiltration, leaks, and damage to the roof structure. Controlling Moisture Levels: Beyond temperature regulation, proper attic ventilation is crucial for managing moisture levels. Excessive moisture in the attic can result in various issues, including the growth of mold and mildew, rot, and the deterioration of roofing materials. Moisture can enter the attic through condensation, leaks, or inadequate ventilation. By facilitating the airflow and removing excess moisture, a well-ventilated attic prevents these problems, preserving the structural integrity of your roof and promoting a healthier living environment. Types of Attic Ventilation Systems: Attic ventilation involves a system of intake and exhaust vents that work together to create a balanced airflow within the attic space. These vents help facilitate the exchange of air, ensuring that fresh air enters the attic while hot, moist air is efficiently expelled. Let’s explore the different types of attic ventilation and how they contribute to a well-functioning system. - Soffit Vents: Soffit vents are installed in the eaves or the underside of the roof overhangs. They serve as intake vents, allowing cool air from the outside to enter the attic. Soffit vents are typically designed with small holes or perforations that prevent the entry of pests or debris. It is essential to have an adequate number of soffit vents distributed evenly throughout the attic perimeter to ensure proper intake of fresh air. - Ridge Vents: Ridge vents are exhaust vents installed along the peak or ridge of the roof. They span the entire length and are designed to blend in with the roofline. Ridge vents provide an outlet for hot air to escape from the attic. As hot air naturally rises, it exits through the ridge vents, promoting efficient airflow. Ridge vents are typically covered with a weather-resistant material that prevents water infiltration while allowing air to pass through. - Gable Vents: Gable vents are installed in the gable ends of the attic walls. They work as exhaust vents, allowing hot air to escape from the attic space. Gable vents are often equipped with louvers or slats that promote airflow while preventing the entry of pests or debris. They are particularly effective when combined with soffit vents to create a cross-ventilation system, facilitating air movement throughout the attic. - Turbine Vents: Turbine vents, also known as whirlybird vents, are exhaust vents that utilize wind power to enhance attic ventilation. These vents have a turbine-like design with fins or vanes that spin when wind passes through. As the turbine rotates, it creates suction, drawing hot air out of the attic. Turbine vents are ideal for areas with consistent wind patterns, and they can significantly enhance the overall airflow within the attic. - Static Vents: Static vents are exhaust vents installed on the roof surface. They are often in the form of small, screened openings that allow hot air to escape. Static vents can be installed in various locations, such as the roof ridge, hips, or even individual shingles. While not as effective as ridge vents in promoting continuous airflow, static vents can still contribute to the overall ventilation system by providing additional exhaust points. It’s important to note that attic ventilation is a balanced system that requires both intake and exhaust vents to work in harmony. To ensure optimal performance, it’s crucial to maintain a proper balance between the two. When the system is unbalanced, it can result in issues such as negative pressure or inadequate airflow, hindering the effectiveness of attic ventilation. Balancing intake and exhaust involves ensuring that the total net free area (the combined area of the vents) of the intake vents is equal to or slightly greater than the net free area of the exhaust vents. This balance allows for a continuous flow of fresh air into the attic and the efficient expulsion of hot, moist air. To achieve this balance, it’s recommended to consult with a roofing professional or ventilation specialist who can assess your attic’s specific requirements. They can calculate the required amount of intake and exhaust venting based on factors such as the attic size, roof pitch, and local climate conditions. In summary of the types of attic vents, attic ventilation is a system that relies on a combination of intake and exhaust vents to maintain a balanced airflow. Soffit vents, ridge vents, gable vents, turbine vents, and static vents all play essential roles in promoting proper air exchange within the attic space. Balancing the intake and exhaust ensures that the attic remains well-ventilated, preventing issues such as excessive heat buildup, moisture accumulation, and the deterioration of roofing materials. Consulting with a roofing professional can help ensure the correct installation and balance of attic ventilation for your specific needs. The Importance of Considering Attic Ventilation During Roof Replacement: When replacing a roof, it is essential to assess and address the importance attic ventilation system simultaneously. Failing to do so can result in suboptimal performance and potential issues down the line. During a roof replacement, the opportunity arises to evaluate the existing attic ventilation system and make any necessary improvements or modifications. By incorporating proper attic ventilation into the roof replacement project, you enhance the overall performance and longevity of the new roof, optimizing its ability to withstand Michigan’s challenging climate conditions. If this is not properly considered, here are some of the issues your attic system and home will face. Excessive Heat Build-Up: Inadequate attic ventilation can trap hot air inside the attic, creating high temperatures that can reach well above 140°F (60°C) during summer months. This excessive heat build-up can have several negative consequences: - Increased energy consumption: The hot air trapped in the attic radiates into the living space, forcing the cooling system to work harder and consume more energy to maintain a comfortable temperature. - Reduced shingle lifespan: Excessive heat accelerates the aging process of asphalt shingles, leading to premature deterioration, curling, cracking, and granule loss. - Increased risk of roof deck damage: Prolonged exposure to high temperatures can cause the roof deck to warp, buckle, or delaminate, compromising its structural integrity. Moisture Accumulation and Condensation: Insufficient attic ventilation can result in excessive moisture accumulation, leading to condensation and a host of problems. When warm, moist air from the living space rises into the attic, it encounters cooler surfaces and condenses into water droplets. This condensation can lead to various issues: - Mold and mildew growth: High humidity levels in the attic create an ideal environment for mold and mildew to thrive. These microorganisms can spread and cause health issues while also damaging the structural components and insulation. - Wood rot: Excess moisture can lead to wood rot, particularly in the roof decking, rafters, and trusses. Rot compromises the strength and stability of the roof structure, posing safety hazards. - Reduced insulation effectiveness: Moisture-laden insulation loses its insulating properties, diminishing energy efficiency and potentially resulting in higher utility bills. Ice Dam Formation: Improper attic ventilation can contribute to the formation of ice dams, especially in regions with cold winters. Ice dams occur when heat from the attic melts the snow on the roof, causing it to run down to the colder eaves and gutters, where it refreezes. This process leads to several problems: - Inadequate ventilation traps warm air in the attic, causing snow on the roof to melt. - The melted snow runs down to the roof’s colder eaves and gutters, where it refreezes, forming ice dams. - Ice dams can lead to water infiltration under the shingles, causing leaks, water damage, and potential structural issues. Reduced Energy Efficiency: Without proper attic ventilation, your home’s energy efficiency can be compromised. Insufficient ventilation can lead to the following energy-related issues: - In the summer, trapped hot air in the attic increases the load on the cooling system, leading to higher energy consumption and increased utility bills. - In the winter, inadequate ventilation inhibits the escape of warm air from the living space, leading to a buildup of moisture and reducing the effectiveness of insulation. This can result in heat loss, causing higher heating costs. Decreased Roof Lifespan: Improper attic ventilation can significantly shorten the lifespan of your roof. The following factors contribute to the premature aging and deterioration of roofing materials: - Excessive heat and moisture can accelerate the deterioration of roofing materials, causing premature aging, warping, and cracking. - The constant expansion and contraction of the roof materials due to temperature fluctuations can weaken the roof structure over time. - Condensation and moisture-related issues can lead to the degradation of underlying roof components, such as decking, insulation, and trusses. It is important to note that each of these issues is interconnected and can compound over time. Proper attic ventilation helps mitigate these problems, preserving the integrity of your roof, enhancing energy efficiency, and ensuring a healthy living environment. Regular inspection and maintenance of attic ventilation systems are essential to prevent these issues and prolong the lifespan of your roof. Why Roofing Contractors Overlook The Importance of Attic Ventilation:	0.9998	FineWeb	1. The Importance of Attic Ventilation 2. Types of Attic Ventilation Systems 3. The Importance of Considering Attic Ventilation During Roof Replacement
Why did Islam spread so quickly? Islam is the religion of Muslims which has spread very rapidly across the globe. The faith began in Mecca and then spread to Spain, East Africa, the Middle East, China. There are two significant themes in Islam: “Allah is the one” and “Hazrat Muhammad (S.A.W) is His messenger.” There are many reasons why did Islam spread so quickly. The most important and main reasons are conquest, law, and trade. The people of the Arab made the trade with faraway regions of the world, which spread Islam faster than other religions. Islam starts with a man named Muhammad (S.A.W). He spent most of his life working as a merchant, and then he retreated to the cave in a nearby mountain where Hazarat Muhammad (S.A.W) received his first revelation from God at the age of 40. After three years of this revelation, he publicly preached Islam. Quran is the Holy book of Muslims, and it is revealed to Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W). Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) started sharing this message with his friends and family and later spread it to his tribe. He faced countless difficulties from his tribe. The life of Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) is the basic definition of the Quran and Islam. What Is Islam? Islam is the religion of Allah. God teaches us to Pray, and we bow before him five times a day. Islam has five fundamental pillars which Muslims were expected to follow. These pillars are faith, prayer, obligatory, charity, pilgrimage, and fasting. A Muslim can enjoy life by following the teachings of the Holy Quran. These five pillars teach the world that Islam is the religion of peace. When it is revealed that there were chaos and wars everywhere, Islam teaches people how to stop violence against the innocent and bring peace. That is the main reason why did Islam spread so quickly. In Holy Quran, Allah says: “Whosoever killed a person – unless it is for killing a person or for creating disorder in the land, it shall be as if he had killed all mankind” (5: 33). Reasons Why Did Islam Spread So Quickly Islam spread quickly across the globe due to multiple reasons. Islam continues to influence society with its unique elements and divine unity of humanity. Muslims believe that their purpose in life is to serve their creator and obey him, which can only be done through Prophet Muhammad’s teachings (S.A.W). 1. The Message The message of Islam is very loud and clear. Islam is a religion of peace and gives a clear message to help the poor and needy. Muslims pray five times a day to ask for help and forgiveness from Allah. Remembering Allah makes their connection with him stronger and follows his teachings to serve humanity. One of the important messages given in Islam is that everything belongs to Allah to purify their possessions set aside a particular portion to give to those in need. Fasting is another message which Islam gives to every non-Muslims. It makes people realize the needs of hungry and poor people. In Quran, Allah says, “O you who believe! Fasting is prescribed for you as it was prescribed to those before you that you may learn self-restraint” (2:183). Islamic trade routes surrounding Mecca served as one of the effective ways to spread Islam in the world. During the trade, Muslims also preach where they go about Allah, and through their actions and way, they spread Islam. People also come for trade-in Arab and see how Muslims deal with other people through their honest trade methods. The most famous trade route that helps Islam reach far away is China, Central Asia, Africa, and Europe. Many people from these lands traveled to Arab to witness Islam and its religious theories. Essential elements of Islam reach many foreign lands, making many non-Muslims into Muslims. 3. Military Conquest Another way from Islam’s rapid spread is its vast land conquered. Muslims conquered many lands such as Europe, Turkey, Syria, Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, etc. The main reason why Islam reaches any of the above lands is that the Islamic military conquers these lands and spreads the meaning of Islam. Islam influences the major and most powerful countries of the world. Muslims enter foreign lands to do trade and spread Islam. One of the reasons why Islam spread so quickly is the military conquest of foreign lands and settling there. 4. Political Order Islam has a unique political organization that provides equality, serves justice, and maintains order. The Muslim government retains the necessary privileges and rights of Muslims and non-Muslims, which impress people to join this faith and religion. Muslims’ military wanted to protect people and protect their lives and rights. The political system of Islam includes rights for non-Muslims too. Non-Muslims are allowed to practice their religion in Muslim-dominated land, and they have to pay Jizyah in exchange for protection for Muslims. 5. Missionary Work The missionary work started, and the Muslim scholars and preachers reached faraway lands to tell people the religion of Islam. From 700 to 1000 AD, there was a massive rise in Islamic missionary work, and many people converted to Muslims. Muslims impress foreign people through their actions, trades, ways of politics, etc. The work of scholars and preachers has resulted in many communities embracing and adopting Islam. Why did Islam spread so quickly? There are many reasons behind the spread of Islam. Muslims preach Islam and set examples by their characters and daily life dealings. They impress people across the globe through their unique and fair trade methods. Muslims conquered lands and served justice there to everyone. They protect Muslims and non-Muslims from injustice and give them the right to live and grow. One of the important reasons is missionary work. People from Islamic countries go toward faraway land and spread the religion of Allah and his Prophet (S.A.W).	0.76	FineWeb	1. Introduction to Islam 2. Reasons for the spread of Islam 3. Key elements of Islam
SIP 404 - Not found. error means that the server could not find the extension (or number) you have dialed through the softphone. This is usually due to either: - a wrong prefix (try adding or removing the international prefix or use + instead of 00 or vice versa); - or the number does not exist. We suggest that you contact your VoIP service provider and ask them why you are seeing this error message.	0.985	FineWeb	1. SIP 404 Error Explanation 2. Possible Causes of SIP 404 Error 3. Troubleshooting SIP 404 Error
White Plains To Kalispell - Travel distance: 2033 miles = 3272 kilometers - Airline options: Delta Airlines - Weekly flights: 250+ - Average flight duration: 14 hours 05 minutes - Nearest airport to White Plains: Westchester Country (HPN) - Nearest airport to Kalispell: Glacier Park (FCA) Time difference between White Plains (United Sates) and Kalispell (United States) is 2 hours.	0.7698	FineWeb	- Flight Information - Airports - Time Difference
Hi, I'm Dr. Martin of the Martin Clinic. Well, the Martin Clinic has been around a long time. My grandfather, David Martin, established the Martin Clinic in 1911, and I'm third generation, and my son, Dr. Martin Jr. is fourth generation. I am board-certified in natural medicine, and I have a PhD in Clinical Nutrition, and I see thousands of patients a year, and as you can imagine, 44 years of practice and I've seen hundreds of thousands of patients. Let me give you a little bit of what a typical patient looks like at the Martin Clinic? People come in generally, and they're very frustrated. They're frustrated because no one is listening. No one seems to understand. You have no idea how many times a year that I hear, "Dr. Martin, somebody is finally listening and understands." You see, every disease or every problem medically, there's a story to it and because people are not listening to that story, doctors traditionally are busy and they're focused in on disease. If they can't find that, I can tell you that routine blood work that is done on most patients, you know what? It's good, but the vast majority of people that I see have had that traditional testing done, and guess what? They fell right through the cracks and they didn't find anything. You know their thyroid is normal, and everything seems to be within normal limits. So you can imagine the frustration of people out there that are very unwell, and no one has listened and no one seems to have solved the problem. Now let me just give you a little bit of history here. You don't ... You're not healthy one day, and then diseased the next. It just doesn't happen like that. I want to give you an example: I've got a ballpoint pen here, and for breast cancer, let's use that as an example. For breast cancer to grow to the size of a tip of a ballpoint pen would take at least five years. To this size. Now, you would never, ladies, if you're listening, palpate that and never feel that. That's too small! Even a mammogram would have trouble picking that up, and yet that process has been going on for five years. So there's got to be a better way. Well, we at the Martin Clinic, that's what we do. We think outside the box, we look at a person holistically and listen to the story and then we have built a protocol of how we find out where exactly a patient is on their journey from health to disease, and then we reverse the pattern.	0.6743	FineWeb	* Introduction to the Martin Clinic * Patient Frustrations with Traditional Medicine * Holistic Approach to Health and Disease
Introducing malayalam letters. Identify the words and sentences. Identify grammars of malayalam language. Malayalam basic formation,writing,reading and communication. Introducing malayalam language basic formation .Define the history of malayalam language. Now in this course , i am introduce the wide malayalam language. An i will teach each person ,like younger and elder ,And will include wonderful stories and poems. I am a student friendly teacher. Introducing malayalam letters. Identify Words and sentences. Introducing malayalam basic formation, like reading,writing and communication. My name is Naseema. I am from kozhikode KERALA. I completed in Post Graduation in English Literature. And also completed in Montessori Teachers Training Course and Diploma in Early Childhood Education in IGNOU UNIVERSITY. Malayalam is my native language. I speak and write very well. Teaching is my life's passion.I am looking forward to getting to know you all and guiding you through a successful leaning. I have more than 3 years of experience in online tutoring.	0.5298	FineWeb	1. Introduction to Malayalam Language 2. Malayalam Grammar and Formation 3. Learning and Communication in Malayalam
How Can I Provide Access to Clean Water? It’s a noble desire to provide access to clean water to people in need. Approximately 1.1 billion people worldwide, predominantly in developing regions such as Asia and Africa, lack access to safe drinking water.1 The contaminated water many of these individuals drink often leads to waterborne diseases such as cholera, typhoid, dysentery, polio and diarrhea. According to the World Water Council, such diseases “are the most common cause of illness and death among the poor of developing countries.”2 Many of these illnesses are preventable. Access to clean water also eases the burden of collection. In places like South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, many people must walk at least 30 minutes to collect water for their daily needs.3 This chore typically falls to women and girls and drains their time and energy from more fruitful endeavors, such as generating income or gaining an education. There are numerous non-profit organizations through which you can help these men, women and children gain much-needed access to clean water. GFA World, for example, has been serving people in need since 1979. One avenue of this aid has been through clean water projects, providing clean water in Jesus’ name through BioSand water filters and Jesus Wells. BioSand water filters are beneficial in areas that have ample access to water but the water is unfit to drink. These simple structures effectively filter out 98 percent of biological impurities and help protect families from waterborne diseases, greatly impacting their lives. Keeva, for example, suffered from severe stomachaches because of the unsafe drinking water she consumed.4 It was her only option. Then she received a BioSand water filter from GFA pastor Kunja. With her drinking water now purified, Keeva’s stomachaches disappeared, and her health significantly improved. Jesus Wells impact entire communities, offering clean water to approximately 300 people for up to two decades. Dug up to 600 feet deep and locally maintained, these wells provide water year-round, even in times of drought. Like many in his area, Ragnar’s family of six struggled to obtain clean water.5 They walked over a half a mile to collect water, but this water was contaminated. His children often fell sick due to the unclean water they drank and struggled in school because of the physical ailments they battled. After receiving a Jesus Well, however, Ragnar’s entire village gained free access to clean water. Their health, and their lives, has vastly improved as a result. 1 Water Supply & Sanitation.” World Water Council. https://www.worldwatercouncil.org/en/water-supply-sanitation. Accessed August 11, 2021. 2 Water Supply & Sanitation.” World Water Council. https://www.worldwatercouncil.org/en/water-supply-sanitation. Accessed August 11, 2021. 3 “Water Inequality.” National Geographic. https://www.nationalgeographic.org/article/water-inequality/. Accessed August 12, 2021. 4 “Filtering Out Sickness.” GFA World. https://gospelforasia-reports.org/2020/03/filtering-out-sickness/. March 9, 2020. 5 “A Family’s Fight Against Contaminated Water” GFA World. https://www.gfa.org/news/articles/a-familys-fight-against-contaminated-water-wfr21-03/. February 2021.	0.5374	FineWeb	* Access to Clean Water * Waterborne Diseases * Clean Water Projects
- Heart Shape Foil Balloons 2-Sided by Anagram. Made in USA. - 18 inch Balloons with shiny reflective surface. - Inflated with Helium and hang at the bottom loops. - Balloons made from metallized nylon are light weight and will keep helium gas from leaking for a long time. Visit our Help-FAQ page for more info.	0.7011	FineWeb	- Balloons - Materials - Features
My Qualifications & Experience As an educator with over 30 years’ experience, I have a passion for change and innovation especially where it advances social justice in education. With a PhD in education along with counselling and coaching qualifications I have made it my business to understand change and innovation at a theoretical and practical level. I have held leadership and co-ordination roles, having lead education reform at a policy, curriculum and staff development level. Innovation has been a key aspect of my teaching, presenting, research, and writing within the Education sector. I regularly write and podcast about education-related issues, as they intersect with social-justice. My Teaching Journey Listen to my chat with Pattie Porter on the Texas Conflict Coach Radio show. We discuss my inspirations and motivations; and what makes me tick. Click on the images below to listen to a two part interview with me (Hosted by Rachael Lehr). My Education Qualifications: - Doctorate (PhD) in Education - Graduate Certificate in Leadership & Training - Graduate Diploma in Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages - Bachelor of Education - Diploma of Teaching - Certificate IV in Training and Assessment My Coaching & Counselling Qualifications: - Certificate IV in Life Coaching - Graduate Diploma in Human Services/Counselling My Education Experience: - Current: Classroom Teacher (Primary) - Lecturer in Teacher Education - Digital Literacy Instructor and Coach - Education Manager of Adult Migrant English Program (for recently arrived Refugees) - English Language Teacher (Primary & Adult) - English Language Teacher Co-ordinator (Primary) - Writer and Conference Presenter - E-Learning \| Digital Literacy - Change and Innovation - Gender and Sexual Diversity - Student Voice and Empowerment - Literacy and English Language Teaching Methods - Diversity, and Inclusive Teaching and Learning Practices - Health and Well-Being - Learning in the Workplace and Community - Mathematics Teaching	0.8508	FineWeb	1. Education Qualifications 2. Coaching & Counselling Qualifications 3. Education Experience
Part of Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 31 (NeurIPS 2018) Yuanzhi Li, Yingyu Liang Neural networks have many successful applications, while much less theoretical understanding has been gained. Towards bridging this gap, we study the problem of learning a two-layer overparameterized ReLU neural network for multi-class classification via stochastic gradient descent (SGD) from random initialization. In the overparameterized setting, when the data comes from mixtures of well-separated distributions, we prove that SGD learns a network with a small generalization error, albeit the network has enough capacity to fit arbitrary labels. Furthermore, the analysis provides interesting insights into several aspects of learning neural networks and can be verified based on empirical studies on synthetic data and on the MNIST dataset.	0.962	FineWeb	1. Neural Networks 2. Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) 3. Multi-class Classification
How custom beanie quotes work: - 🏦 Safe and easy payments Photo sent before delivery. Paypal, credit, and bank transfers. - 🚀 Express global delivery Tracked express delivery with recycled packaging. - 🌳 Ethical direct manufacturing pricing 50% deposit pre-production and 50% before shipping. - ⏱️ Current timeframe: 2.5 weeks* *Good indication. Please request update before ordering. - 💩 Carbon footprint: Average 0.388 kg/unit	0.9757	FineWeb	1. Payment and Pricing 2. Delivery and Shipping 3. Production Timeframe
Antivirus Zap 3.11 for Mac Free Download is an ideal safety suite that has the potential to guard the Mac from the newest malware and viruses. Antivirus Zap 3.11 for Mac Description This complete resolution scans and removes malware and different malicious software programs from Mac and makes it extra environment friendly in the time period of efficiency. It detects threats or suspicious information that can be already on Mac and protects it from being uncovered sooner or later. With the assistance of Antivirus Zap for Mac customers can shield their Mac from the newest malware, Trojans, worms, viruses, and malicious software programs. Its highly effective and distinctive scanners detect and take away malware and viruses and safeguard the Mac. These scanners scan all functions and processes at present within the reminiscence and packages that begin routinely by the system. It additionally searches for malware in archives (zip, pkg, and many others.) and inside varied forms of information equivalent to pdf, pkg, zip, and many others. For the optimum safety of Mac it each day updates its database to catch the most recent threats, malware, and viruses quickly. Briefly, Antivirus Zap 3 is a must-have software for each Mac to get the most safety, privateness safety, and efficiency. Features for Antivirus Zap 3.11 for Mac - Supplies real-time protections against the newest viruses and threats - Obtained highly effective scanners for detecting and eradicating malware - Scans all functions and processes at present within the reminiscence - Searches for malware in archives and inside varied forms of information - Good for suspicious information, folders, and USB drives - Supplies totally different customizable possibilities for scanning the Mac. - Name: Antivirus.Zap.Pro.3.11.0.Mac.rar - File Size: 41.8 MB - After Extract: 54 MB - Publisher: AntivirusZap - File Type: Dmg File - Update Date: OCT 7, 2023 - Languages: English	0.8822	FineWeb	* Antivirus Software * Mac Security * Malware Protection
Comment on page Motion for Entrepreneurs Meet Alex, a passionate entrepreneur embarking on a journey to build a successful business. With Motion's workspaces feature, Alex can streamline his tasks, projects, and collaborations to achieve optimal productivity. Let's follow Alex as he sets up his workspaces in Motion. - 1.Alex opens Motion and heads to the Settings section. - 2.He clicks on "Workspaces" and selects "Add Workspace" to create his first workspace. - 3.Naming it "Startup Ventures," Alex envisions this workspace as the hub for his business-related tasks and projects. - 4.He invites his co-founder and key team members to join the workspace, ensuring seamless collaboration. - 1.Within the "Startup Ventures" workspace, Alex creates dedicated project folders for each of his ventures, such as "Product Development," "Marketing Strategy," and "Financial Planning." - 2.He assigns relevant tasks to team members, sets due dates, and adds detailed descriptions to ensure clarity and accountability. - 3.Alex leverages the workspace's file-sharing capabilities, uploading important documents, design assets, and market research data, allowing easy access for all stakeholders. - 1.As Alex's business grows, he establishes a separate workspace called "Client Engagements." - 2.Within this workspace, he creates project folders for each client, enabling efficient management and communication. - 3.Alex assigns tasks to his team members, tracks project milestones, and maintains open lines of communication through comments and updates within the workspace. With Motion's intuitive workspaces, Alex transforms his entrepreneurial aspirations into organized realities. By creating dedicated workspaces for his business and client projects, he harnesses the power of collaboration, efficiency, and clarity. Join Alex on his entrepreneurial journey and experience the transformative impact of Motion workspaces in propelling your business forward.	0.6279	FineWeb	* Productivity Tools * Entrepreneurship * Collaboration Software
Book Chapter or Conference Paper Title Towards reusable personas for everyday design Institute for Educational Development, East Africa Publication ( Name of Journal) Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems ACM digital library Personas are artificial character based representations of user goals, attitudes, motivations and abilities which enable designers to focus their design efforts on key, targeted users. The success of personas in design is due to their capacity to enable designers to empathize with users and understand user goals. Persona development is rooted in the rigorous collection and analysis of data specifically related to the design project being undertaken. New design projects thus require the development of new personas. Since redevelopment is not always achievable attention has turned towards reuse of personas and the underlying data. This paper reports on ongoing research into the development of reusable personas for use by non-expert, everyday designers. Such designers are regularly faced with small scale but diverse design challenges for which they cannot carry out user research and modelling. They can, however, make use of general, reusable personas developed independently of their current design project. (2016). Towards reusable personas for everyday design. Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 2915-2922. Available at: https://ecommons.aku.edu/book_chapters/470	0.5644	FineWeb	* Personas in Design * Reusable Personas * Everyday Design Challenges
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Finding a reliable and skilled electrician in Denver is essential for ensuring the safety and efficiency of your electrical systems. Whether you need electrical services for your home or business, it is crucial to understand the importance of hiring a professional. A qualified electrician plays a vital role in maintaining the functionality and safety of your electrical infrastructure. Understanding the Importance of Professional Electrical Services When it comes to electrical work, it is always best to leave it to the experts. Working with electricity requires specialized knowledge and skills to prevent hazards and avoid potential accidents. Professional electricians have the training and experience to handle various electrical issues safely and effectively. Electrical systems are integral to our daily lives, powering our homes, businesses, and industries. 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Additionally, practicing proper electrical safety habits, such as avoiding overloading outlets and using surge protectors, can help prevent accidents and electrical fires. Maintaining Electrical Safety in Business Premises Electrical safety measures are essential to protect employees and customers in a business setting. Conducting routine inspections, implementing proper wiring practices, and adhering to safety regulations can minimize the risk of electrical accidents and ensure the safety of everyone on the premises. The Cost of Hiring a Professional Electrician in Denver The cost of hiring a professional electrician in Denver can vary depending on several factors. Factors Influencing the Cost of Electrical Services Factors that affect the cost include the complexity of the work, the time required, and the materials needed. It is important to get quotes from multiple electricians and compare their prices while considering their qualifications and reputation. 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Quality Improvement Fundamentals for My Nursing Career This program will lead the participant through the quality improvement (QI) process from start to finish by providing fundamental principles and practical applications of QI science to assist with any QI project. Coursework in this program is entirely asynchronous. A UPMC Wolff Learning Academy Quality Improvement Fundamentals Certificate of Completion is available for UPMC nurses who complete the following asynchronous coursework (4 hours) and live workshops (8 hours) (estimated total time to complete -12 hours). - Principles of Quality and Safety - Lean Fundamentals - Assessing the Current State - Building the Right Team - Data for Quality Improvement - Plan-Do-Study-Act Cycles - Human Factors Design - Sustaining Change - Storytelling: Making Your QI Presentation Your QI Story - Spreading Your Success: How to Effectively Present to Executive Leadership - Assessing the Current State - Connecting the Dots with Data: Introduction to Quality Data Analysis - Legos: Lessons from Lean - Tackling Quality Improvement Using Plan-Do-Study-Act Cycles and Human Factors Design CLICK HERE TO LEARN ABOUT COURSE REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS AND WAYS TO ACCESS EDUCATIONAL CONTENT Use a UPMC email address for account creation Wolff Learning Academy Quality Improvement Fundamentals Certificate of Completion is valid for 2 years. Obtaining the UPMC Wolff Learning Academy Quality Improvement Fundamentals Certificate of Completion The tracking form below can be used to record your course progress and final date of completion and submission. You will not be asked to upload this tracking form as proof of completion. UPMC Wolff Learning Academy Quality Improvement Fundamentals Certificate of Completion Tracking Form When all program requirements have been met (reviewing course material, completing course surveys, and attending any applicable live sessions), submit your program completion through this link. You will be asked to attest that you have completed all required coursework and provide your UPMC employee ID number. Program completions are verified during the last business day of every month. Successful participants will see UPMC Wolff Learning Academy Quality Outcomes Essentials Certificate of Completion on their transcript in HR Direct Learning during the first week of the following month. A certificate of completion will be available through HR Direct Learning once the course is viewable on your HR Direct Learning transcript. For example, a program completion submitted on the 5th of March will be verified at the end of March, but the certificate will not be available in HR Direct Learning until the first week of April. If your submission is not approved for any reason, participants must resubmit again through the program completion link and be processed along the next monthly schedule in which they fall after completing all program requirements. Register for asynchronous coursework here: - Register for Principles of Quality and Safety to gain baseline knowledge necessary to tackle quality improvement projects. - Register for Lean Fundamentals to learn how to improve flow and outcomes while reducing waste. - Register for Assessing the Current State to learn about the important first step in any quality improvement project. - Register for Building the Right Team to learn how to construct an effective team that will support project success. - Register for Data for Quality Improvement to understand how to define project measures and gather and interpret project data. - Register for Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) Cycles to understand the four-stage problem-solving model used to improve a process or carry out a change. - Register for Human Factors Design to learn how human factors can improve safety, effectiveness, and ease of use of resources for any project. - Register for Sustaining Change to learn a framework for implementing sustainable change to improve project outcomes over a period of time. - Register for Storytelling: Making Your QI Presentation Your QI Story to learn how to apply storytelling concepts to your QI project to maximize audience impact. Register for live workshops here: - Register for Assessing the Current State Workshop to apply principles learned in the asynchronous course Assessing the Current State in an interactive environment using real-world projects and examples. - Register for Connecting the Dots with Data: Introduction to Quality Data Analysis Workshop to apply basic data display and analysis principles to a sample data set under the direction of an experienced statistician. - Register for Legos: Lessons from Lean Workshop to learn Lean principles using virtual Excel Legos to assess workplace processes for inefficiencies and areas of waste. - Register for Tackling Quality Improvement Using Plan-Do-Study-Act Cycles and Human Factors Design Workshop to apply PDSA and Human Factors Design principles to case studies and interactive activities.	0.5769	FineWeb	* Quality Improvement Fundamentals * Lean Fundamentals * Data for Quality Improvement
Varsity jackets are a great way to showcase team spirit and add some warmth to your wardrobe during colder months. It is imperative to maintain the cleanliness and overall upkeep of your varsity jacket, as this practice will guarantee its longevity for an extended period of time. They are designed to keep you warm during chilly weather while still being stylish. However, these jackets can easily get dirty, and cleaning them requires some special attention. Here are some tips for cleaning and maintaining your varsity jacket. Check for Stains Before you begin the cleaning process, inspect your letterman varsity jacket for any stains or spots. Use a damp cloth or sponge with mild detergent to gently rub the affected area until the stain disappears. Avoid using abrasive cleaners or harsh chemicals that could damage the fabric. Follow Care Label Instructions Make sure to follow the care label instructions provided by the manufacturer. Some varsity jackets are dry-clean only, while others can be machine-washed or hand-washed. Washing your jacket according to the manufacturer's recommendations will prevent shrinkage or damage to the fabric. Machine Wash with Care If your varsity jacket is machine-washable, wash it on a gentle cycle using cold water and mild detergent. Avoid using bleach or fabric softener, which can cause discoloration or damage to the fabric. Hang the jacket to air dry, as using a dryer can cause it to shrink or lose its shape. Hand Wash as Needed In the event that your varsity jacket is not compatible with machine-washing, or if you simply prefer to cleanse it by hand, commence the process by filling a basin with tepid water and a diminutive quantity of gentle detergent. Submerge the jacket in the water and gently scrub the fabric with your hands. Rinse the varsity jackets thoroughly with clean water and hang it to air dry. Store Your Jacket Properly To keep your varsity jacket in good condition, store it in a cool, dry place. Avoid hanging it in direct sunlight or in a damp area, as this can cause mold or mildew to form. Use a hanger to store your jacket in a closet, and avoid folding it to prevent creases or wrinkles.	0.7181	FineWeb	* Cleaning Varsity Jackets * Maintaining Varsity Jackets * Storing Varsity Jackets
«ЯЗЫК И МЕДИА. ЛИНГВИСТИЧЕСКИЕ И КОММУНИКАТИВНЫЕ ФЕНОМЕНЫ В СОВРЕМЕННЫХ МЕДИА». КОНФЕРЕНЦИЯ В КРАКОВЕ В статье представлен обзор основных выступлений, прозвучавших на конференции «Язык и медиа. Лингвистические и коммуникативные феномены в современных медиа». The conference “Language and media. Linguistic and communicative phenomena in the contemporary media” took place at the Pedagogical University of Kraków on 5th and 6th March 2015. It was organised by scholars affiliated with the Institute of Polish Philology, led by Professor Bogusław Skowronek. Due to the importance of issues discussed, the conference was attended by researchers from various fields, e. g. linguists, communication studies specialists, political studies specialists, journalists or sociologists. All of them were united by a common idea: a reflection over the current state of language in the media and an attempt to highlight its most characteristic realisations. The participants looked at verbal media communication from many perspectives, each of them selected different material to be analysed and thanks to their approach it was possible to present various, multifaceted ways of functioning of language in the media. The conference was attended by scholars from all over the country, from 27 research centres, among them the most important Polish universities: the Universities of Warsaw, Łódź, Opole, Gdańsk, Silesia, the Jagiellonian University, the host university, the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, the Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, as well as from the Rzeszów University of Technology and the University of Economics in Katowice. Foreign guests arrived as well: the Russian Federation was represented by Professor Elena Stanislavovna Kara-Murza from the Lomonosow University in Moscow. Other Russian scholars announced their arrival as well, but due to various reasons they could not come. 75 papers were delivered, both newly qualified and experienced scholars spoke. On the first day, plenary session took place, during which the most important texts were presented. On the second day, discussions were held in 5 thematic sections. Groups of students were listening attentively to every speech. Discussions taking place after each paper were a very important part of the conference. It was often the case that this lively exchange of thoughts was the most valuable part of a given part of a session. Scientific reflection during the conference comprised two main spheres: the sphere of comprehensive observation of media discourse: what it is, what its main characteristics are and how to examine it; and the sphere of particular linguistic media discourses: of press, film television, and of the Internet. Texts on the second sphere (presented mostly during the second day of the conference) were predominantly analyses of specific media messages so they had a firm empirical base. In the sphere of observation of media discourse, enumerating its characteristics and the methodology of research, one can place 14 papers, all delivered during the plenary session on the first day of the conference. Walery Pisarek, the initiator of Polish research on the language in media, discussed the problem of ambiguous terminology of the discipline. He explained the semantic value of such notions as “language of the media” and “language in the media” (he preferred the latter) and pondered upon general features of media discourse (also on the historical background). Małgorzata Kita also tried to define media discourse but in her paper she emphasised its communicative and genological features. He paper was mostly devoted to the relationship between language and technology and to changes to culture and human identity resulting from the aforementioned relationship. Ryszard Tokarski’s speech was predominantly semantic and ethnolinguistic in character. He returned to the notion of the “linguistic image of the world”, noticing its generality and inadequacy in relation to the media images of the world. Professor Tokarski said that one should speak only about individual, textual images of the world functioning in particular messages. According to him, each of the images possesses its own pragmatic characteristics. Danuta Kępa-Figura’s paper was mostly pragmalinguistic and theoretical. She talked about the illocutionary force of each type of illocution that appears in media communication. She provided several examples from the press discourse: informative articles and columns. Barbara Bogołębska discussed the problem of stylistic variety of thematically varied utterances of journalists, which also form the linguistic discourse of the press. The discourse of the press was also the basis of Jolanta Maćkiewicz’s paper on multimodality in media communication. Her paper concentrated mostly on forms of functioning of different semiotic systems in the press, their mutual relationships and methodology of research. Iwona Loewe, in turn, turned her attention to linguistic discourse of television. Having discussed the characteristics (also the linguistic ones) of the television discourse, she focused on one of television genres – quiz shows. She defined them, described their place in television stream and she specified them genologically and stylistically. Tadeusz Miczka talked about new media, especially computer games. The topic of his reflection were linguistic traits of these media, (especially jargon used by gamers), their specificity, importance and place in modern culture, also in its consumerist part. Dorota Konieczna also devoted her speech to new media. She discussed linguistic specificity of blogs and their rhetorical construction and ability to use appropriate argumentation. Agnieszka Ogonowska’s paper was psychological in character. In the introduction, she noticed that psychological approach was almost absent in media studies research. Then, she concentrated on film discourse and said that cognitive activation of a viewer was the most important thing in the reception of a film. According to the author ,it is essential to combine the psychological and media studies approach in media studies research as it makes it possible to show how people process media information and what use they make of them. The paper delivered by Professor Elena Kara-Murza from the Lomonosow University of Moscow focused on the problem of critical analysis of media discourse. She used the example of commercial advertisements to illustrate her point. The Russian scholar presented main features of this method and thanks to appropriate and interesting examples, proved how methodologically and scientifically effective it is in analyses. Katarzyna and Jacek Wasilewscy also presented the critical approach, yet they concentrated on the discourse of the press. Using their empirical studies, they showed how the cognitive approach and attitude of readers towards particular religious groups changes through evaluation “hidden” journalists’ texts. The first day of the conference was concluded by Renata Piasecka-Strzelec who discussed the status of official information agencies and highlighted their still existent media and social role in media communication, despite the existence of social media. During the second day of the conference, in each of thematic sections, one could find papers that discussed a particular problem “pointwise”. In spite of thematic variety, numerous methodological approaches and research examples, it is possible to pinpoint spheres connecting particular speeches. Many of them were devoted to the redefinition of classic forms of linguistic expression and the expansion of media communication. Among other things explored were the status of language in contemporary culture, the culture of language, linguistic correctness and systems of language: phraseological, lexical and syntactical. Some participants talked about different types of Web communication. The topic of their multifaceted reflection were Internet genres, Web platforms, forms of making contact, language of e‑mails, Internet communities, several types of portals and their typical forms of communication, and verbal aggression in the Web. Categories of advertisements (both social and commercial), phenomena in Public Relations and in marketing were also studied. Researchers presented the place of the advertisements in media discourse and their verbal and iconic realisations. A separate section was devoted to the Russian media discourse. Polish scholars examined the language and style of Russian social advertisements (based on chosen examples) and the way of creating the image of a woman in Russian television series. Important texts were also those on linguistic means of creating media images of the world (particular visions of reality) in various messages located in specific media discourses, especially in the discourse of film, the press and of the Internet. One of the most important facts of which the scholars reminded was that the media discourse is heavily influenced by numerous external contexts: gender, social, political and economic. An important part of each panel during the second day was an animated discussion (sometimes very much so) on presented papers. Is it possible to present a coherent, comprehensive picture of language in the media on the basis of all the papers delivered during the Kraków conference “Language and media”? No, because such picture is actually impossible to present. Speeches only reaffirmed the assumption that media discourse is immune to unequivocal descriptions and evaluations. It requires varied, transdisciplinary methodological background and variously oriented research. Polymorphism of media communication, syncretism of forms, multitude of different verbal realisations and constant development of the media make the formulation of conclusive media studies reflection impossible. On the other hand, which is important in the context of next conferences on the topic, they also inspire further research within this sub-discipline in Poland, Russia and in other countries. © Skowronek B., 2015	0.8115	FineWeb	1. Language in Media 2. Media Discourse 3. Linguistic and Communicative Phenomena
Steam Heating Installation & Repairs Steam is one of the oldest known heating agents. Steam powered heating systems were originally used because of the lack of required pumps in a steam heating piping system. While steam heating systems are no longer regularly installed in new homes, older buildings are likely to be using steam heating. Additionally, due to the fact that steam heating is especially adept at heating multi-residence situations, steam heating systems are still regularly used in multi-family houses, apartment buildings and older office buildings. When it comes to understanding steam heating, determining whether steam is the right heating agent for a home or office building and getting the space prepared for the system, it is well advised to speak with a HVAC professional. To assist in decision-making, this article provides a brief overview of steam heating, an explanation of how it works and what maintenance is required and a review of the advantages and disadvantages of using steam systems for your home or office heating system. How Steam Heating Works – The Heating Process Steam heating systems operate like a teakettle. Water is heated. Steam is created and released. The house is warmed. To expand upon that very basic overview, the full process is outlined below. - A boiler uses a gas or oil fired burner to heat water (generally stored in a water tank or water tube boilers, depending on whether the home is using a gas steam boiler or an electric steam boiler). - This heated water is then converted into steam. The steam then travels to radiators or convectors through a series of pipes. These radiators or pipes then give off heat and warm the room. - One Pipe vs. Two Pipe Systems: Steam heating systems can operate by using a single or double piping system. In single pipe systems (which are most common), a single pipe is used to supply steam to radiators and then return the condensed water from that steam back to the water tank. Two pipe systems have separate pipes for each of these functions. One pipe sends the steam to the home’s radiators or convectors while a second, separate pipe returns the condensed water back to the system’s water tank. This two pipe system is more common in newer buildings. - The steam cools and condenses back into water. This water is then returned to the boiler and is heated again to be recycled back into steam and sent back into the radiators to complete the next heating cycle. Maintaining A Steam Heating System One of the disadvantages of using a steam heating system is the required regular maintenance. When it comes to maintaining a steam heating system, there are tasks that can be safely completed by a home or office owner and tasks which require an HVAC company to safely complete. - Homeowner Maintenance: Tasks a homeowner can take care of include checking safety valves and pressure and water level gauges. Anything more complicated that these tasks must be left to an HVAC professional for safety reasons. - Professional Maintenance: Professional maintenance should be completed annually, at the very least. An HVAC professional should come and check all control and gauges, inspect and adjust the burners, check the chimneys and flues for blockages and any leakage and inspect and adjust all air valves in the system’s radiators. Advantages of Steam Heating Systems A steam heating system’s primary advantages lie in the limited number of moving parts required. Steam heating systems have significantly less moving parts than newer, more complicated systems. This provides increased durability and reliability if properly maintained. Steam heating allows for heat to be distributed in limited locations in a building. This means that owners are able to heat individual rooms and leave others unheated. Therefore, steam heating systems are preferred in multi-family homes and large apartment buildings. Lastly, steam heating systems provide clean, dust-free heat. Homeowners with allergies often find this heating option to be less aggravating to their health. Disadvantages of Steam Heating Systems The number of disadvantages associated with steam heating is one of the primary reasons why newer models have started becoming more common. The primary disadvantage of steam heating is the lack of efficiency and heat provided. Due to the required heating of a boiler, there is also an increased safety risk associated with steam heaters. Homeowners often complain of lag times between when the system is turned on and when heat is delivered through the radiators. Lastly, these radiators can warp a homeowner’s floors. Contacting An HVAC Professional For Steam Heating Installation and Repair If steam heating is the right option for the home or building in question, an HVAC professional from Argent Plumbing can assess heating needs, help homeowners choose the best heating system and install the steam heating system quickly and safely. Call 908-286-1920 or contact us online to speak with an HVAC technician today.	0.5571	FineWeb	* Steam Heating Overview * How Steam Heating Works * Maintenance and Advantages of Steam Heating Systems
Grass is a plant, and in that capacity, it has few methods for communicating how it is doing to the gardener in charge. That's why nature designed it to change the color of its blades as things go wrong. Then, it's up to the gardener to figure out the problem and to fix it. It helps to get an overview of common issues and practical solutions before you begin. Typical reasons for a lawn turning yellow are too much or too little water or fertilizer. Provide More Water Healthy grass blades are a vibrant shade of green, the exact hue depending on the species of grass. If the blades start yellowing, the first thing to check is the amount of irrigation the grass is getting. Video of the Day Young grass requires consistently moist soil in order to establish. This is true from the moment the seeds are sowed to the time the grass is mature and strong. Don't create puddles with the hose but do water regularly, up to twice a day right after planting. Cut this back to twice a week or so when the grass is established. Provide Less Water This may seen counterintuitive, but too much water can stunt grass root development to the same extent as too little water. If puddles form on the lawn after watering, you have provided too much water. Overwatering leads to waterlogged grass, which leads to a shallow root system. The grass will be unable to uptake sufficient nutrients, oxygen, and even the water itself. Too much water can also reduce the plant's resistance to fungal diseases and insect pests. Turning yellow is how the grass blades react to any and all of these things. Provide More Fertilizer Applying the proper amount of fertilizer provides the grass roots with the nutrients the plant needs to grow in green and dense. If your fertilizer application has been spotty, you may see grass in those areas turning yellow from nutrient deficiency. Look for yellow streaks or fluorescent discoloration on the blades of the grass in strips or spots. The solution is obvious. You need to pay more attention when you apply lawn fertilizer. Provide Less Fertilizer Just like water, fertilizer is essential to lawn health, but too much can cause issues and yellowing grass leaf blades. That's because excess fertilizer can burn the lawn. Synthetic fertilizers are much more likely to do this than organic fertilizer since the excess nitrogen salts in these fertilizers can burn grass leaves, a condition known as leaf scorch. There are other signs of too much fertilizer. Look for a crust that forms at the soil surface, grass blades that yellow at the base and brown on the top, and slow grass growth. Avoid Other Harsh Chemicals Any and all harsh chemicals can damage grass in any of its stages, from seedlings to mature turf. Avoid using chemical insecticides or synthetic fertilizers and try hard to keep cats and dogs from urinating on the lawn. Salt used in cold-winter climates on roadways can also yellow the grass. The only way to deal with this if it happens is to water down the area well several days in a row.	0.555	FineWeb	1. Watering issues 2. Fertilizer problems 3. Chemical damage
A synthetic gas generator and gas reactor test system. The system is configurable to provide a number of alternative flow paths, each with different furnace and reactor configurations. Various types of reactors, and combinations of two or three reactors, may be installed and tested. Injected agents, such as reducing agents, are injected in a manner that prevents unwanted reactions with the test gas. The system is especially useful for testing vehicle emissions aftertreatment devices. Date Of Issue: Rijing Zhan; Thomas R. Gabehart	0.9875	FineWeb	1. Synthetic Gas Generator 2. Gas Reactor Test System 3. Vehicle Emissions Aftertreatment Devices
Ultrasonic Skin Scrubber Blackhead Remover Pore Cleaner Skin Spatula - Additional information - 3 working modes: cleansing, moisturizing and lifting - Functions:Vibration massage, Remove blackheads, Ultrasonic clean pores - Ultrasonic high-frequency oscillation is used to instantly atomize the water, and the atomized water enters the deep layer of the skin, removes dirt and adjusts the water and oil balance, so as to clear the clogged pores, remove blackheads, and clean the skin. - Long touch ON/Off button for power on/ off. Shortly press for mode switch. - Charging time: 3-4 hours - Packing list: Ultrasonic Facial Scrubber x 1 Protective cap x 1 USB cable x 1 Manual x 1 Red, white, Black	0.9197	FineWeb	1. Product Features 2. Functions 3. Packaging
When you choose to have a memorial tree planted for Gerald, you are doing more than simply putting a plant in the ground. You are making a long-term commitment to the environment and implanting the memories of Gerald in our planet for countless years to come. A memorial tree is a unique tribute which provides global benefits like no other memorial gift could. Through the extensive reach of our planting partner, we are able to plant a growing list of trees, including, but not limited to: - Ponderosa Pine - Red Spruce - Long Leaf Pine - Jack Pine - White Bark Pine - White Oak You place an order Your contribution is shared on the obituary and you receive a digital certificate. We organize planting Planting location and tree species are determined by planting experts. We plant trees All trees are planted in the spring or autumn following your order. You help heal a forest Your contribution roots the memories of your loved one and revitalizes an ecosystem. In today’s changing world with climate change and environmental concerns, planting a tree allows for family and friends to make a lasting memory of their loved one and friend. Each tree is planted through the efforts of Forestry Services throughout North America who determine where the greatest needs for reforestation are. A certificate recognizing your purchase is also provided along with your receipt.	0.651	FineWeb	* Memorial Trees * Tree Planting Process * Environmental Benefits
Wildlife Conservation Society WCS (Wildlife Conservation Society) was founded in 1895 as the New York Zoological Society (NYZS) and currently works to conserve more than two million square miles of wild places around the world. The organization is led by President and CEO Cristián Samper, former Director of the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of Natural History. Based at the Bronx Zoo, WCS maintains approximately 500 field conservation projects in 65 countries, with 200 PhD scientists on staff. It manages four New York City wildlife parks in addition to the Bronx Zoo: the Central Park Zoo, New York Aquarium, Prospect Park Zoo and Queens Zoo. Together these parks receive 4 million visitors per year. All of the New York City facilities are accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA). The Wildlife Conservation Society was originally chartered by the state of New York on April 26, 1895. Then known as the New York Zoological Society, the organization embraced a mandate to advance wildlife conservation, promote the study of zoology, and create a first-class zoological park. Its name was changed to the Wildlife Conservation Society in 1993. Among the founders of WCS were Andrew H. Green, best known as the father of greater New York City, Henry Fairfield Osborn, Columbia University professor and curator of the American Museum of Natural History, and George Bird Grinnell, founder of the Audubon Society and editor of Forest and Stream Magazine. Theodore Roosevelt, members of the Boone and Crockett Club, and other notable New Yorkers were also involved in the Society's creation. The Bronx Zoo (formerly the New York Zoological Park) was designed along the lines of other cultural institutions in New York City, such as the American Museum of Natural History. The city provided the land for the new zoo and some funding for buildings and annual operating costs. WCS raised most of the funds for construction and operations from private donors, and selected the scientific and administrative personnel. In the late nineteenth century William Temple Hornaday, then director of the New York Zoological Park (now the Bronx Zoo), carried out a direct-mail survey of wildlife conditions through the United States, and publicized the decline of birds and mammals in the organization's annual reports. In 1897 Hornaday also hired field researcher Andrew J. Stone to survey the condition of wildlife in the territory of Alaska. On the basis of these studies, Hornaday led the campaign for new laws to protect the wildlife there and the United States as a whole. In 1901, a small herd of American Bison were gathered in a 20-acre meadow just off what is now the Pelham Parkway roadway. Starting in 1905, Hornaday led a national campaign to reintroduce the almost extinct bison to government sponsored refuges. Hornaday, Theodore Roosevelt and others formed the American Bison Society in 1905. The Bronx Zoo sent 15 bison to Wichita Reserve in 1907 and additional bison in later years. The saving of this uniquely American symbol is one of the great success stories in the history of wildlife conservation. Hornaday campaigned for wildlife protection throughout his thirty years as director of the Bronx Zoo. William Beebe, the first curator of birds at the Bronx Zoo, began a program of field research soon after the Bronx Zoo opened. His research on wild pheasants took him to Asia from 1908 to 1911 and resulted in a series of books on pheasants. Beebe's field work also resulted in the creation of the Society’s Department of Tropical Research, which Beebe directed from 1922 until his retirement in 1948. Beebe’s research in an undersea vessel called the bathysphere took him half a mile under the ocean floor off Bermuda in 1934 to record for the first time human observations of the bottom of the deep sea. The bathysphere is currently displayed at the New York Aquarium. The war years marked the arrival of Henry Fairfield Osborn, Jr as NYZS president and Laurance Rockefeller as executive committee chairman. A best selling writer on conservation and son of WCS founder Henry Fairfield Osborn, Osborn soon embraced changes that signaled new thinking in the organization. Guests were allowed to bring their own cameras into the Bronx Zoo, while animals were grouped by continents and ecosystems rather than genetic orders and families, beginning with the African Plains exhibit in 1941. After World War II, under the leadership of Osborn, the organization extended its programs in field biology and conservation. In 1946 WCS helped found the Jackson Hole Wildlife Park, which became part of Grand Teton National Park in 1962. In the late 1950s WCS began a series of wildlife surveys and projects in Kenya, Tanganyika (now Tanzania), Uganda, Ethiopia, Sudan, Burma, and the Malay peninsula. In 1959 it sponsored George Schaller’s seminal study of mountain gorillas in Congo. Since that expedition, Schaller has gone on to become the world's preeminent field biologist, studying wildlife throughout Africa, Asia and South America. Conservation activities continued to expand under the leadership of William G. Conway, who became director of the Bronx Zoo in 1962 and President of WCS in 1992. Active as a field biologist in Patagonia, Conway promoted a new vision of zoos as conservation organizations, which cooperated in breeding endangered species. He also designed new types of zoo exhibits aimed at teaching visitors about habitats that support wildlife, and encouraged the expansion of WCS's field programs. During the 1960s and 1970s, the WCS took a leadership role in pioneering zoological exhibitions by seeking to recreate natural environments for the animals on display. Under the leadership of WCS director William G. Conway, the Bronx Zoo opened its World of Darkness for nocturnal species in 1969 and its World of Birds for avian displays in 1974. Eventually New York City turned to WCS to renew and manage three city-run facilities in Manhattan, Brooklyn, and Queens. The redesigned Central Park Zoo opened in 1988, followed by the Queens Zoo in 1992 and the Prospect Park Zoo in 1993. From 1994 through 1996 Archie Carr III of WCS helped establish the Cockscomb Basin Wildlife Sanctuary in Belize, a reserve for endangered jaguar. Today WCS is at work on some 500 projects in more than 60 nations around the world that are intended to help protect both wildlife and the wild places in which they live. The organization endeavors to protect 25 percent of the world's biodiversity—from the gorillas of Africa and the tigers of Asia to macaws in South America and the sharks, whales and turtles traveling through the planet's seas. In recent years WCS has actively worked in conflict areas like Afghanistan, South Sudan and Myanmar, where agreements on wildlife resource have contributed to peace and stability. More than 4 million people visit WCS's wildlife parks in New York City each year. WCS's zoos and aquarium inform visitors from across the globe with state-of-the-art exhibits with naturalistic settings. Guests encounter a variety of species threatened in the wild and learn how they can help secure the future of these animals. With the award-winning Congo Gorilla Forest, which presents several troops of western lowland gorillas as one might see them in the wild, the Bronx Zoo became the first zoo to directly contribute exhibit admission fees to field-based conservation, with more than $11 million raised for work in central Africa. The Mannahatta Project is a project by the WCS to reconstruct and map how Manhattan looked in 1609 when Henry Hudson discovered the island. Elements being mapped include where the streams flowed and where each species of tree grew. The Lenni Lenape people who lived there called the island Mannahatta, or "land of many hills." The project highlights the ways that development has altered the natural ecosystems. - 21st Century Tiger - Climate, Community & Biodiversity Alliance - Last of the Wild - American Bison Society - "About Us" WCS.org - "List of Accredited Zoos and Aquariums" Association of Zoos and Aquariums (aza.org). - William Temple Hornaday: Saving the American Bison Smithsonian Institution - William Temple Hornaday: Visionary of the National Zoo Smithsonian Institution - Bridges, William (1974). Gathering of Animals: An Unconventional History of the New York Zoological Society. Harper & Row Publishers. pp. 450-453. ISBN 0-06-010472-4. - Hancocks, David (2002). A Different Nature: The Paradoxical World of Zoos and Their Uncertain Future. University of California Press. p. 105. ISBN 0-52023676-9. - About the City Zoos - "About Us" WCS.org - Congo Gorilla Forest WCS.org - The Mannahatta Project Wildlife Conservation Society - Welikia: Beyond Manahatta" - Nick Paumgarten "Our Local Correspondents: The Mannahatta Project" The New Yorker, 1 October 2007, p. 44. \|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Wildlife Conservation Society.\| - Official website - Champion Of Wildlife; Zoological Society at 100 The New York Times - 21st Century Tiger	0.5864	FineWeb	* History of WCS * Conservation Efforts * Wildlife Parks and Zoos
Our Bulletin 1411 Current Transformers (CTs) are low voltage transformers for various power measurement devices and applications, including protective relays, analog devices, transducers, and PowerMonitor™ products. - Includes low voltage (600V AC) - Includes metering grade - Offers a variety of types including round, rectangular, and split-core - UL Recognized Certifications apply when product is marked. See our Product Certification site for Declarations of Conformity, certificates and other certification details. - Load profiling - Cost allocation - Distributions system monitoring - Power control	0.7303	FineWeb	1. Product Features 2. Certifications 3. Applications
Cardiomyopathy—a thickening, enlargement, or weakening of the heart muscle—sometimes runs in families, and may lead to dangerous arrhythmia or cardiac arrest. It is a leading cause of sudden cardiac death, especially among younger people, but many people who have it don’t show symptoms. Temple offers cutting-edge genetic testing and integrated care to identify, counsel, and treat people with inherited cardiomyopathies to reduce the chance of a life-threatening event. Unmasking a Rare Condition Family history alone is not enough to pinpoint an individual’s risk of developing cardiomyopathy. Because the disease can remain hidden, all close relatives of patients with certain types of cardiomyopathy, or who have a family history of sudden cardiac death, should receive genetic screening at a specialty center such as Temple’s Heart & Vascular Institute. Advanced genetic testing often lets us identify the genetic markers that predispose someone to the condition. Based on this screening, we can help patients decide on the next steps—including testing for preexisting cardiomyopathy. A compassionate team of genetic counselors helps people who think they may be at risk understand their options. Our researchers constantly discover more about the genetic causes of cardiomyopathy, so we can provide patients with the most up-to-date information. Easing the Burden of Cardiomyopathy Once cardiomyopathy is diagnosed, Temple has resources and a skilled staff on hand to manage and treat all types and degrees of the condition—including one of the region’s leading specialty programs in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Many people require only counseling, knowledgeable support, and occasional follow-up tests. If the condition is severe, our surgeons are experienced in procedures that can help reduce the dangers and alleviate symptoms—procedures such as pacemaker implantation, removal of obstructive tissue, or repair of heart valves. In those very rare cases when a heart transplant is needed, patients can rely on Temple’s experience. Complete Care from an Experienced Team Our skilled specialist team is here to help patients navigate the world of genetic testing and take the next steps needed to put minds, and hearts, at ease. Along the way, patients have the support of: - Interventional cardiologists - Cardiovascular surgeons - Cardiovascular imaging specialists - Genetic counselors Learn More About Inherited Cardiomyopathy Daniel Edmundowicz, MD, Chief of Temple Cardiology discusses inherited cardiomyopathy and the importance of seeking a specialized center for care.	0.5322	FineWeb	1. Cardiomyopathy 2. Genetic Testing 3. Treatment Options
After the scare tactics of certain aspiring stars in the media had been worn thin by legitimate studies, it became clear that breast feeding after silicone breast augmentation was safe. From a purely physiologic standpoint two factors stand in the way of silicone secretion into milk. The first factor is the size of the silicone at the molecular level, the second is the fact that silicone never comes into direct contact with the cells that line the duct that secretes the milk. One of the surgical approaches to breast augmentation surgery, the circumareolar (around nipple) cuts through the breast ducts. Three approaches, the inframammary (under breast in fold), transaxillary (armpit), and TUBA (through the belly button). Even when the surgical approach carries a risk of transecting, or cutting through the milk carrying ducts, the passages either heal, or become blocked as in fibrocystic change, but do not retain a communication with the implant cavity making this of no consequence. As much as it would make for a good sensationalistic “story,” silicone breast implants do not harm the baby.	0.7347	FineWeb	1. Breastfeeding after silicone breast augmentation 2. Silicone secretion into milk 3. Surgical approaches to breast augmentation surgery
It’s that time of the year again—back to school season! For parents of children stepping into the world of kindergarten, this can be an emotional and transformative experience for both you and your little one. The transition from preschool to kindergarten marks a significant milestone in your child’s development, and as a parent, you play a crucial role in ensuring a smooth and successful journey. That’s why we created a guide for parents of children entering Kindergarten. Preparing for the First Day of Kindergarten: The first day of kindergarten can be both exciting and nerve-wracking for both parents and children. To make the experience more positive, start preparing your child in advance. Visit the school together, let them explore their new surroundings, and meet their teacher if possible. Talk about what to expect, from the classroom setup to daily routines. Establishing a Routine: Kindergarten introduces a structured routine that may differ from what your child is used to. Help them adjust by gradually transitioning into a consistent schedule a few weeks before school starts. This includes setting regular bedtime and wake-up times, as well as meal and playtime routines. A well-established routine can provide comfort and stability during this period of change. Kindergarten is all about fostering independence. Encourage your child to complete tasks like putting on their shoes, using the restroom, and packing their backpack on their own. These skills not only boost their confidence but also prepare them for the responsibilities of school life. Communication is Key: Maintain open communication with your child’s teacher. Attend school orientations, parent-teacher conferences, and stay in touch throughout the school year. Regular updates on your child’s progress, challenges, and achievements will help you stay informed and actively involved in their education. Encourage Social Skills in Kindergarten: a Guide for Parents Kindergarten is a wonderful opportunity for children to develop social skills and make new friends. Arrange playdates with classmates before school starts to help your child become familiar with their peers. Teach them how to share, take turns, and communicate effectively to build strong social foundations. Nurturing a Love for Learning: Kindergarten is a time for curiosity and exploration. Encourage your child’s natural interests and curiosity by reading together, visiting museums, parks, and engaging in age-appropriate educational activities. A love for learning will set a positive tone for their educational journey. Managing Separation Anxiety: It’s natural for both parents and children to experience separation anxiety during this transition. Ease separation anxiety by reassuring your child that you’ll be back to pick them up and that school is a safe and fun place. Establish a goodbye routine that signals the end of your time together each morning. Healthy Nutrition and Rest: A balanced diet and sufficient sleep are essential for your child’s physical and mental well-being. Provide nutritious meals and snacks, and ensure they get the recommended amount of sleep each night. A well-rested and well-fed child is more likely to be attentive and engaged in their learning. Celebrate Kindergarten Achievements, Big and Small: Acknowledge and celebrate your child’s achievements, whether it’s learning a new skill, making a friend, or completing a project. Positive reinforcement boosts their self-esteem and motivation to continue learning and growing. Stay Patient and Supportive: Every child adapts to kindergarten at their own pace. Be patient and offer continuous support, encouragement, and understanding. Celebrate their successes and provide comfort during challenges. As your child embarks on this exciting journey of kindergarten, remember that you are an integral part of their growth and development. Cherish these precious moments and watch as they blossom into confident, curious, and capable individuals ready to take on the world. Your involvement and guidance will help lay the foundation for a successful academic career and a lifelong love of learning. I hope you enjoyed reading about navigating kindergarten: a guide for parents. Check out this kindergarten reading list: Summer Reading list for Kindergarten	0.9975	FineWeb	1. Preparing for Kindergarten 2. Establishing a Routine 3. Nurturing a Love for Learning
Regardless of your organization’s size, there is more than likely a large amount of information technology to keep track of and maintain. As is usually the case when so many moving parts and variables are involved, the task of keeping them organized can quickly become difficult and stressful. This week, we’ll give you a few tips on how a proper inventory can help your business stay apprised of its IT resources. What Can an Inventory Do? At its core, an inventory serves the purpose of keeping track of the assets and resources a business has in its possession. This spans from how many cases of burger patties a fast food franchise has to how much water a hydroponic plant has in reserve. Not only does this assist the business with ensuring that it always has the resources necessary to operate, it also assists with insurance claims. By keeping you up-to-date on what you have, an inventory serves as a documented resource that can support your claims if the need arises – such as after a disaster event or theft. Furthermore, a detailed and up-to-date inventory record can help you to identify how old your resources are, allowing you to prioritize when it needs to be refreshed and/or replaced. As one would imagine, these are all important factors to consider when technology is involved. In light of this, it becomes especially important to develop and enforce a unified and direct system as a standard during the inventorying process. What Your Inventory Needs to Account For As you create this system, you need to make sure it addresses the five key details included in a comprehensive inventory record. 1. What is it that you have? Of course, the whole point of an inventory is to identify the resources you have on hand. Given the long, detailed names that many technology components have (in addition to the many details a piece of hardware or software will have that need to be addressed), it may make the most sense to develop a shorthand that easily and efficiently communicates what exactly it is that your business has in its possession. For example, if you utilize differently-sized hard drives for different tasks and purposes, you will likely have a stash of these hard drives squirrelled away for later use. Rather than writing out a comprehensive list, creating an internal shorthand will make the task of inventorying these components much easier. So, if a company were to have 7 spare hard drives, 1 blue hard disk drive with a 5 terabyte capacity, 3 red solid state drives with 10 terabytes each, 2 black hard disk drives with 10 terabytes each, and one purple hard disk drive with a capacity of 5 terabytes, using shorthand might simplify that list into: - 1 HDD – BLUE – 1TB - 3 SSD – RED – 10TB - 2 HDD – BLACK – 10TB - 1 HDD – PURPLE – 10TB 2. Where is it stored? This consideration is especially important if a company has more than one location or stores their supplies in more than one spot in the building. Your inventory record needs to keep track of where a given component is kept so it may be found quickly if need be. Make sure you mark the building it is in, as well as the room and where specifically in that room it is kept. This adds a little more information to your shorthand list: - 1 HDD – BLUE – 1TB (MAIN LOCATION/BASEMENT/SHELF A) - 3 SSD – RED – 10TB (MAIN LOCATION/BASEMENT/SHELF E) - 2 HDD – BLACK – 10TB (SAT-OFFICE1/ROOM4/SHELF B) - 1 HDD – PURPLE – 10TB (SAT-OFFICE2/ROOM2/SHELF D) 3. Additional Details to Include Finally, there are other pieces of information you should use your inventory process to track. To assist with potential insurance needs and monitoring your solutions for a refresh, it helps to add the date that the technology was acquired, as well as how much it cost to acquire it. As a result, your list becomes: - 1 HDD – BLUE – 1TB (MAIN LOCATION/BASEMENT/SHELF A) – $95 (May 9, 2017) - 3 SSD – RED – 1TB (MAIN LOCATION/BASEMENT/SHELF E) – $250 (June 30, 2017) - 2 HDD – BLACK – 1.5TB (SAT-OFFICE1/ROOM4/SHELF B) – $160 (August 18, 2017) - 1 HDD – PURPLE – 10TB (SAT-OFFICE2/ROOM2/SHELF D) – $355 (February 2, 2018) Other Considerations for Your Inventory Maintaining an up-to-date set of totals for your inventory is an essential process. After all, what’s the point of keeping track of your inventory if it isn’t going to be accurate anyway? This means that, in addition to ensuring that you start off with the right numbers, you need some sort of system to help you keep a running total. Whether this system is manually keeping totals on a clipboard, updating a spreadsheet, or leveraging asset management, is up to you. Reach out to us here at NuTech Services by calling 810.230.9455 to see how we can help. In the meantime, keep checking back for more helpful tips and tricks.	0.6632	FineWeb	* What Can an Inventory Do? * What Your Inventory Needs to Account For * Other Considerations for Your Inventory
What We Do The National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities (NCBDDD) strives to advance the health and well-being of our nation’s most vulnerable populations. Although our efforts are broad and far-reaching, we have identified four critical Center-level thematic areas: - Saving babies through surveillance, research, and prevention of birth defects and infant disorders - Helping children live to the fullest by understanding developmental disabilities - Protecting people by preventing the complications of blood disorders - Improving the health of people living with disabilities Saving Babies Through Surveillance, Research, and Prevention of Birth Defects and Infant Disorders Birth defects are common, costly, and critical. Our unique state-based birth defects tracking and public health research provide a wealth of information that we use to identify causes of birth defects, find opportunities to prevent them, and improve the health of those living with birth defects. Together with states, academic centers, healthcare providers, and other partners, we are working towards a day when all babies are born with the best health possible and every child thrives. Helping Children Live to the Fullest by Understanding Developmental Disabilities Autism and other developmental disabilities are some of the most significant child health issues facing families and our nation today. We’ve accelerated our search for the causes of autism and ways to address the needs of families and communities. Our tracking system provides an accurate picture of autism across the United States, and we conduct the largest study of its kind to better identify risk factors and causes. Better tracking, research, and improved early identification are leading us to a better understanding of autism and better results for children. These data will drive national, state, and local policy and planning activities to help children and their families get the help and support they need. Protecting People and Preventing Complications of Blood Disorders Blood disorders affect millions of people each year in the United States, cutting across the boundaries of age, race, sex, and socioeconomic status. With proper preventive actions and early intervention, many of these disorders and their complications could be eliminated. We are dedicated to helping people with blood disorders by contributing to a better understanding of blood disorders and their complications; working to develop, implement and evaluate prevention programs; helping consumers and health care providers get the information that they need; and encouraging action to improve the quality of life for people living with or affected by these conditions. Improving the Health of People with Disabilities People with disabilities need health care and health programs for the same reasons anyone else does – to stay well, active, and a part of the community. We work to make sure that no one is left behind; that people of all different abilities are able to live their life to the fullest. When children and adults with disabilities receive needed programs, services, and health care they can have an improved quality of life and experience independence. We want to make every person count and are committed to equity in health of people with disabilities at every stage of life.	0.8694	FineWeb	1. Saving babies through surveillance and prevention of birth defects 2. Helping children with developmental disabilities 3. Protecting people with blood disorders and disabilities
Fear not if a great wave overtakes us. As a passionate surfer, Roxy Deva’s artwork couldn’t overlook the call of the power of the wave. And so, the imposing artwork “Wave – Radiography of Chaos” (3 x 7.5 m) is born, giving its title to the exhibition. While the force of nature may appear dangerous on one side, on the other, it fascinates precisely because of its power. The wave created by the artist not only represents water moved by the wind but also becomes a symbol of other waves—those hidden, intimate, and emotional waves that often, though visually formless, overwhelm us. Thus, the reference to the wave becomes a call to what lives within us and often shakes us with fear. Fear is not one triggered by external events but secretly resides within the human soul. By magnifying it, Roxy finds the courage to look at it, admire it, and appreciate it—there is no other way to ride it. Contrasting the Wave is the “Inner Garden” developed on four aluminum sheets. The artwork belongs to the series of “Boxes of Emotions”: “suitcases” containing important emotional states not to be forgotten. The Inner Garden represents the depth of our being, the calm and tranquil place where we find ourselves and regain our strength. In the exhibition, we encounter the pair “War – Radiography of a Samurai” and “Dare – Radiography of a Mystic with Lotus Flower,” two artworks in dialogue that represent the dichotomy and coexistence of Yin and Yang energies. The first delves into the bellicose impulses present in the human soul, connecting to a philosophical reflection of historical memory and complex relevance. The second links to the opposite impulses, playing on the double meaning of the word “dare” in Italian and English (in English, “dare” means challenge), emphasizing the strength present in empathetic and altruistic energies. The theme of impermanence is found strong and poignant in the well-known winning artwork of the Audience Award of the Premio Comel 2013, “Sky and Earth – Human Thought.” Thirteen aluminum panels represent a forest shaken by the wind, where past, present, and future merge, creating the sensation of an eternal flow where each moment is inseparable from the previous and the following. Lastly, the artwork “Hamlet – Radiography of a Skull” portrays an image of ourselves that, over time, questions us with Shakespeare’s immortal questions and the more recent doubts from Fromm on being and having. “…capture a photo of the soul. Represent the interiority with its dynamic potential…” This is Roxy Deva’s mission: A pioneer of digital art, profound in subjects, and courageous in experiments.	0.8297	FineWeb	1. Art and Emotions 2. Inner Reflection 3. Human Nature
A Roundup Of The Best Beauty Appliances Of The Year Beauty appliances offer a range of benefits that can enhance your beauty and skincare routines. They provide convenience, efficiency, and effectiveness in achieving desired results. These appliances, such as facial cleansing brushes, hair styling tools, and anti-aging devices, offer advanced technologies that help improve the appearance of your skin, hair, and overall beauty. They can deep clean your skin, promote better product absorption, reduce the signs of aging, create professional-looking hairstyles, and provide targeted treatments for specific beauty concerns. With their user-friendly features and customizable settings, beauty appliances empower individuals to take control of their beauty regimen, saving time and money by offering salon-like treatments in the comfort of their own homes. Visit us now to get the best Gel Nail Products. Certainly! Here’s a roundup of some of the best beauty appliances that have gained popularity in recent years: - Dyson Airwrap Styler: This innovative styling tool uses air and heat to curl, wave, smooth, and add volume to your hair without extreme heat damage. It comes with various attachments for different styling options. - Foreo Luna Facial Cleansing Brush: The Foreo Luna is a silicone facial cleansing brush that uses pulsations to remove dirt, oil, and makeup from your skin. It is gentle yet effective and helps improve the overall cleanliness and appearance of your skin. - NuFace Trinity Facial Toning Device: This handheld device uses microcurrent technology to tone and lift facial muscles, reducing the appearance of wrinkles and improving skin elasticity. It’s a popular choice for those seeking a non-invasive facial toning solution. - T3 Whirl Trio Interchangeable Curling Iron: This curling iron set comes with three interchangeable barrels of different sizes, allowing you to create various types of curls and waves. It features advanced heat technology for consistent and long-lasting results. - Philips Sonicare DiamondClean Electric Toothbrush: This electric toothbrush uses sonic technology to provide a thorough and gentle cleaning experience. It removes plaque effectively, whitens teeth, and improves gum health. - Clarisonic Mia Smart 3-in-1 Sonic Beauty Device: The Clarisonic Mia Smart is a versatile device that offers multiple beauty functions. It can be used as a facial cleanser, makeup applicator, and massager, providing a comprehensive skincare routine. - ghd Platinum+ Styler: This flat iron is known for its intelligent heat control technology, which ensures even heat distribution and minimizes hair damage. It provides sleek, shiny, and frizz-free results while styling your hair. - PMD Personal Microderm Pro: This at-home microdermabrasion device exfoliates the skin, removing dead cells and promoting cell turnover. It helps to reduce the appearance of fine lines, wrinkles, and hyperpigmentation, leaving your skin smoother and more radiant. - BeautyBio GloPRO Microneedling Regeneration Tool: This microneedling device creates tiny punctures in the skin, stimulating collagen production and enhancing product absorption. It improves the appearance of fine lines, wrinkles, and uneven skin texture. - Baby Quasar MD Blue Light Therapy Device: This handheld device uses blue light therapy to target acne-causing bacteria, reducing breakouts and improving the overall clarity of the skin. It is a popular choice for those struggling with acne or occasional blemishes. Remember to always read and follow the instructions provided by the manufacturers for safe and effective use of these beauty appliances.	0.8404	FineWeb	1. Beauty Appliances 2. Skincare Devices 3. Hair Styling Tools
Written by an international team of practitioners, this book offers an overview of the most important and common clinical issues in obstetrics and gynecology, including reproductive endocrinology, gynecologic oncology, and sexuality. It provides readers with current information on evidence-based approaches to the management of normal pregnancy, labor and birth, as well as the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of high-risk pregnancy, infertility, and acute and chronic diseases in women of all ages. For each condition the authors give a clear definition, discuss its epidemiology, etiology and pathophysiology, and present the most recent protocols for its detection, screening, and clinical management. Clearly and consistently organized chapters for optimal comprehension of the material A section dedicated to the legal and ethical issues related to reproductive health More than 200 illustrations, many in full color, demonstrating critical data and concepts A summary of key points at the end of most chapters and "Best Evidence" boxes that focus on significant clinical trials Self-test questions and answers on an accompanying website A comprehensive introduction to the field, Obstetrics and Gynecology: The Essentials of Clinical Care is an excellent textbook and reference for medical students on clinical rotation in obstetrics/gynecology, and for residents in the specialty. Nurses, midwives, and physician assistants will also benefit from its wealth of information.show more	0.5535	FineWeb	1. Obstetrics 2. Gynecology 3. Reproductive Endocrinology
16.04.2021 – gksh has concluded a series of courses on “Spatial Research in Music and Sound as Space” with the doctoral students of the IKG DART programme Madrid. Now, after a year of lockdowns and Corona reflections, the awareness of space seems to have affected all kinds of systems, including academic discourses and art, to subordinate their targets under a new paradigm within a wide range of empirical, deductive, discursive, historical, scientific and intuitive methods. However, even basic spatial descriptions, terms like “close”, “closed”, “narrow”, “high”, “low”, “far”, or “open” have drastically changed their meanings due to daily experiences with mediated campuses and online-conferences, online exhibitions and concerts as streamed events, and computer camera views of private homes. This said, it is still unclear what this means for cultural practice in terms of performance, composition, aesthetics, engineering and culture. With the help of case studies we want to research different spatial models of the past, learn how they still influence our status quo and ask how we can productively reflect this drastic paradigm shift in our works. – Understanding spatial models as fundamental narratives of the status quo of our society – Utilizing spatiality as a parameter in cultural production (e.g. composition, performance, sciences) – Understanding Music as a polyvalent representation of space(s) – Developing personal research approaches in and with space. – Introduction in theories of space – Introduction into the subject of space in, of and around music (case studies) – Reflection on the audiovisual status quo – “Re-locating“ Music in 2021	0.7984	FineWeb	1. Spatial models in society 2. Spatiality in cultural production 3. Music as representation of space
- Working Medium: Air / water (No other gases or liquids) - Material: Plastic - Working pressure: - 100kPa to 1.0 Mpa - Working temperature: 0 - 60 degree - Applicable Tube: Polyurethane, Nylon and Polyethylene Tube - Use to connect tubes with size down in both 90° directions. - Various uses depending on the user's environment. - Most general style. - Easy steps to take tubes off. - Once inserted to the nut,the tube would not easily loose. - Quick and simple tube insertion. - Compact, lightweight design. - Advanced, well-proven tube retaining system. What's in the box 1 x KQ2T 10mm x 12mm Reducing Tee Pneumatic Air Push In One Touch Quick Fitting (10pcs)	0.6385	FineWeb	- Product Specifications - Product Features - Packaging
Law is a system of rules made and enforced by social or governmental institutions to regulate conduct and protect individuals and groups. It serves many purposes, but four of the main ones are establishing standards, maintaining order, resolving disputes, and protecting liberties and rights. Because laws are created by and enforced by political authorities, they differ from nation to nation. There are also many differences in the ways that the law is interpreted and applied. The legal world is vast and varied, encompassing everything from contracts to tax laws to international treaties. Some fields of law are new and highly technical, such as space law and pharmacology, while others have long been familiar to most people, like criminal or family law. Many of these laws are complex, requiring expert knowledge to understand and interpret them. In some jurisdictions, the law is codified and consolidated by a central authority, while in others, it is based on accumulated case law and judicial precedent. The law shapes politics, economics and history in countless ways and is the subject of intense scholarly inquiry, including legal philosophy, sociology and economic analysis. For example, the field of constitutional law deals with a country’s constitution, laws and other legal documents, while the law of contracts regulates agreements to exchange goods or services for money or something else of value. Property law governs a person’s rights and duties toward tangible objects such as land or buildings and intangible items such as bank accounts or shares of stock. Criminal law addresses conduct that is considered harmful to society, such as murder or robbery, and the penalties for these crimes, such as imprisonment or fines. One of the most important functions of law is to protect people’s freedom and security from the abuse of power by governments or other powerful organizations. This is why it is necessary to have fixed principles to guide the administration of justice. For instance, judges should not be allowed to use their own discretion in deciding cases because this could lead to unfair or dishonest decisions. Law also serves as the basis for regulating the activities of businesses, such as banking or financial regulation and environmental law, and of private companies providing public utilities, such as water or electricity, which are often regulated under public law. It is the source of many questions and issues concerning equality, fairness and justice, which are explored in diverse academic disciplines such as philosophy, religion, political science, economics and sociology. The concept of the rule of law, which was developed by Max Weber, outlines a set of criteria for determining the legitimacy of government and private actions. This includes adherence to the principles of supremacy of the law, accountability to the law, equality before the law and separation of powers. It also requires that the law be publicly promulgated, stable and applied evenly, and that it provide for human rights and other legal guarantees. This is a challenging ideal to achieve, but it is an important one to strive for.	0.9724	FineWeb	1. Law and Government 2. Fields of Law 3. Functions of Law
Search engine optimization (SEO) is an ever-evolving field that requires a strong understanding of numerous strategies and techniques. One of the most effective ways to improve your website’s SEO is through link building, which involves getting other websites to link back to your site. This article will guide you through five key stages of the link-building process, providing a step-by-step approach to enhancing your website’s SEO through strategic backlinking. Table of Contents 1. Preparing a Link-Building Campaign The first step in any successful link-building campaign is thorough preparation. Here’s what you need to do: 1.1. Set Clear Goals Before you start, define what you want to achieve with your link-building campaign. Whether it’s to increase organic traffic, improve keyword rankings, or enhance your site’s domain authority, having clear goals will help you measure your success and keep your efforts focused. 1.2. Research Your Competitors A crucial part of preparation is understanding your competitors’ backlink profiles. Tools like Ahrefs, SEMRush, or MOZ can provide insights into which sites are linking to your competitors, what kind of content they’re linking to, and how their link-building strategies are structured. 1.3. Identify Your Assets Understand what your website has to offer in terms of content, products, services, or information that could be valuable to other sites. High-quality and unique content, industry expertise, and compelling products or services are all potential linkable assets. 2 – How to Find Backlink Opportunities Finding backlink opportunities requires a combination of strategic thinking and creativity. Here are some methods: 2.1. Guest Posting Guest posting involves writing content for other websites in your niche, typically with a link back to your site. This strategy not only provides a backlink but also allows you to reach a wider audience. 2.2. Broken Link Building Use tools to find broken links on relevant websites, then suggest your content as a replacement for the dead content. It’s a win-win situation as you get a backlink, and the website owner fixes a broken link. 2.3. Unlinked Mentions If your brand, products, or services are mentioned on another site without a link, reach out to the website owner and ask them to add a link to your site. 3 – How to Evaluate Websites Before reaching out for a backlink opportunity, it’s important to evaluate the website. Here’s how: 3.1. Check Domain Authority Domain Authority (DA) is a score developed by Moz that predicts how well a website will rank on search engine result pages (SERPs). The higher the DA, the more valuable the backlink. 3.2. Analyze Relevance The website you’re considering should be relevant to your niche. Google values relevance, so the closer the content of the website is to your subject matter, the more valuable the backlink. 3.3. Review Site Traffic Backlinks from high-traffic websites are more valuable because they’re more likely to bring referral traffic. Tools like SEMRush or SimilarWeb can provide these insights. 4 – How to Create Link Building Content When creating content for link building, focusing on quality and relevance is key. Here’s how: 4.1. Create High-Quality Content High-quality content is original, well-researched, and provides valuable information. This kind of content is more likely to attract backlinks naturally because it provides value to readers. 4.2. Use Infographics Infographics are visually appealing, easy to share, and great for earning backlinks. If you have data or research results, consider presenting them in an infographic. 4.3. Conduct Original Research Original research, like surveys or studies, is a great way to earn backlinks. If your research provides valuable insights, other websites will likely link to it as a source of information. 5 – How to Pass the Quality Control Process Ensure that your backlinks are quality ones. Here are some tips: 5.1. Natural Link Profile Your link profile should look natural, with a blend of follow and no-follow links, different anchor texts, and links from a variety of websites. 5.2. Avoid Link Schemes Google penalizes websites involved in link schemes, such as buying and selling links, excessive link exchanges, or using automated programs to create links. 5.3. Monitor Your Backlinks Regularly monitor your backlinks to ensure they’re still active, relevant, and beneficial. Use tools like Google Search Console or Ahrefs for this purpose. In conclusion, a successful link-building campaign requires careful planning, strategic execution, and continuous monitoring. By following these steps, you can improve your website’s SEO, increase your visibility on search engines, and drive more organic traffic to your site. #SERP (Search Engine Results Page)	0.9474	FineWeb	1. Link Building Campaign 2. Backlink Opportunities 3. Evaluating Websites
Pets sometimes venture too close to bees. These photos show the state in which they left them. Dogs and cats are sometimes charmed by seeing bees . They approach it with the intention of playing. However, the response they receive is not the kindest. A visit to the veterinarian is essential after a bee sting . Here are 19 photos of cats and dogs who regretted having approached the bees. 1. This cat has a red and swollen nose after being stung by a bee 2. Its paw has become giant 3. The poor dog no longer has his head 4. This Boxer lost in the first round against the gang of bees 5. Curiosity is a bad thing, that’s the lesson this dog learned 6. The appearance of this Sphynx cat has only become more majestic, although he will no longer seek to approach the bees. 7. After having eaten a few bees, this dog regrets a little 8. This Husky is not happy with his mishap of the day 9. This poor Persian cat can no longer open his eyes 10. He will have learned his lesson once and for all 11. He shouldn’t have been so curious 12. A bite in the paw from which he will recover 13. Back from the vet 14. When you’re greedy and attacking bees, you pay the price 15. This bitch will no longer eat bees in her life 16. This cat was bothered by the bees 17. Fortunately, her inflammation is healing. Read also: This dog cheats on its owners every day to receive free treats 18. As for this dog, it is still only at the beginning of its treatment. 19. These 2 friends regretted having wanted to attack bees	0.7779	FineWeb	1. Bee stings and their effects on pets 2. Animals' interactions with bees 3. Consequences of pets approaching bees
Please Note: This article is a starting point towards better understanding the field of software development. In no way do I believe that I can accurately portray the complete history of software development. I hope that, OVER TIME, I can add to this article in an iterative approach towards telling the story of software development. So please bear with me as I attempt at telling the story. Sometimes as we are seeking to better understand a particular subject, it is helpful to explore the history of the subject at hand. When it comes to the topic of software development or development, there are a few clear distinctions which can be made. It is helpful to look at each of these movements in history which came about and the context of software for the particular time period. Origins of Computer Science and Early Computer Software There is software development whose origin predates the internet and the rise of modern personal computers. This includes the foundations of computer programming languages, the formalization of software development as it has come to be known. This includes algorithms, computer graphics, data structures, structure programming or object oriented programming to name just a few. Important Events or Movements The topics below are key events in history which deserve proper attention or study. I will attempt to provide support links to supplement this article. The Apollo Mission, Bundled and Packaged Software, Unix, Personal Computers aka Microcomputers A good strating point for researching these events would be the History of Software. The Internet Revolution This new group of developers would be responsible for learning a vast array of technologies, which would define modern publishing on the internet. Out of this field, new specialties would emerge which we now know as Web Design, Search Engine Optimization(SEO), Frontend Web Development, Backend Web Development, and Database Administration to name just a few. This new group of web workers now make up a significant field, which stems from initially what was the role of a web developer. The explosion of the internet created several specialties which did not exist prior to the rise of the internet. Database Administrators are one exception which did exist before the internet’s rise to prominence. While the majority of readers will focus on the technologies steming from web development, there are large topics which we have not covered such as the rise of mobile computing. In the second part of this article, I will discuss mobile computing and how this field is perhaps a second part to the rise of the internet. If you have something to add which I have missed, please feel free to find me on social media.	0.6621	FineWeb	1. Origins of Computer Science and Early Computer Software 2. Important Events or Movements 3. The Internet Revolution
Frequency Analysis of Flood Damage Additional Document Info Determination of flood damage frequencies constitutes a fundamental component of any comprehensive flood-risk methodology. A time series of flood damage may contain zero values. Therefore, the probability distribution of damage should be derived taking into consideration these zero values. This distribution was derived using the total probability theorem (in conjunction with gamma, log-normal and Weibull distributions), order statistics, kinematic diffusion (KD) model, and the Box-Cox transformation. Flood damage frequencies determined using these methods were compared with those determined empirically for Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas in the United States. For the four southern states studied, it is found that of all three different analysis methods, the method based on the total probability theorem gave the best results for the flood damage analysis containing zero-damage, and the KD model method is not suitable for the flood damage analysis. ASCE.	0.9983	FineWeb	1. Flood Damage Frequencies 2. Flood Risk Methodology 3. Probability Distribution of Damage
Previous research has demonstrated that individuals with higher intelligence are more likely to have larger gray matter volume in brain areas predominantly located in parieto-frontal regions. These findings were usually interpreted to mean that individuals with more cortical brain volume possess more neurons and thus exhibit more computational capacity during reasoning. In addition, neuroimaging studies have shown that intelligent individuals, despite their larger brains, tend to exhibit lower rates of brain activity during reasoning. However, the microstructural architecture underlying both observations remains unclear. By combining advanced multi-shell diffusion tensor imaging with a culture-fair matrix-reasoning test, we found that higher intelligence in healthy individuals is related to lower values of dendritic density and arborization. These results suggest that the neuronal circuitry associated with higher intelligence is organized in a sparse and efficient manner, fostering more directed information processing and less cortical activity during reasoning. Individuals differ with regard to their intellectual abilities in a manner consistent with a normal distribution. The measure most commonly used to quantify broad mental capabilities of an individual is that of intelligence, often termed the intelligence quotient (IQ). Over the last century, researchers have constructed a large number of psychometric test batteries targeting various realms of intelligence. This line of research has created a foundation for quantifying interindividual differences in intelligence with both high reliability and validity1. It has also revealed the importance of intelligence for predicting various aspects of everyday life, including academic success, professional advancement, social mobility, physical well-being, and even life expectancy2. From the very beginning of intelligence research, there has been a profound interest in linking interindividual differences measured by psychometric test instruments to differences possessing a neurobiological substrate. Early attempts relating brain size to intelligence can be traced to the nineteenth century, with scientists including Pierre Paul Broca and Francis Galton demonstrating a positive relationship between coarse measures of head size and intellectual ability1,3. Contemporary differential psychologists have fully embraced the possibilities of neuroscientific methods, especially magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques. Over several decades, a large body of evidence has consistently shown that bigger brains tend to perform better at tasks related to intelligence. Meta-analyses have reported correlation coefficients in the range of 0.24 – 0.33 for the association between overall brain volume and intelligence4,5. This moderate structure–function relationship can be observed for the whole brain, its lobar volumes, and even within specific brain areas predominantly located in parieto-frontal regions6. A common biological explanation for this association is the fact that individuals with more cortical volume are likely to possess more neurons7,8 and thus more computational power to engage in problem solving and logical reasoning. In the late 1980s, researchers made an important contribution with regard to the biological bases of intelligence, namely, the first PET scan conducted while performing the Raven’s Advanced Progressive Matrices9. They found a negative correlation between Raven scores and absolute regional metabolic rates, suggesting lower energy consumption in individuals with higher Raven scores10. This study was the first to hypothesize that intelligence is not a function of how hard the brain works but rather how efficiently it works, an observation known as the neural efficiency hypothesis of intelligence11,12. The hypothesis that intelligence is accomplished through efficient rather than excessive information processing by the brain’s neuronal circuitry has been supported by several studies using a wide range of neuroscientific methods12. Thus, the notion that intelligence is largely determined by brain size has been criticized for being far too simplistic. A more recent working hypothesis endorses the idea that interindividual differences in intelligence are, to a significant extent, manifested in the wiring properties of brain tissue, for example, in circuit complexity or dendritic arborization13. Evidence supporting the neural efficiency hypothesis of intelligence mainly comes from studies investigating brain function by the use of PET, fMRI, and EEG methods12. Apart from a few post mortem examinations, little is known about the anatomical substrates of neural efficiency14. This is due to a lack of practical in vivo methodologies to examine the microstructural correlates of efficient information processing at the level of axons or dendrites. Currently, the most promising technique for the quantification of neurite morphology is a diffusion MRI technique known as neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI). This technique is based on a multi-shell high-angular-resolution diffusion imaging protocol and offers a novel way to analyze diffusion-weighted data with regard to tissue microstructure. It features a three-compartment model distinguishing intra-neurite, extra-neurite, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) environments. NODDI is based on a diffusion model that was successfully validated by histological examinations utilizing staining methods in gray and white matter of rats and ferrets15,16. In addition, Zhang, Schneider17 have shown that NODDI is also capable of estimating diffusion markers of neurite density and orientation dispersion by in vivo measurements in humans. Direct validation of NODDI has recently been performed in a study investigating neurite dispersion as a potential marker of multiple sclerosis pathology in post-mortem spinal cord specimens18. The authors reported that neurite density obtained from NODDI significantly matched neurite density, orientation dispersion, and myelin density obtained from histology. Furthermore, the authors also found that NODDI neurite dispersion matched the histological neurite dispersion. This indicates that NODDI metrics are closely reflecting their histological conditions. Here we present the first study using NODDI to examine the microstructural fiber architecture of the human brain in order to shed light on possible neuroanatomical correlates affecting intelligence. We demonstrate that NODDI measures of neurite density and arborization show negative relationships to measures of intelligence, implicating neural efficiency, particularly within parieto-frontal brain regions, as suggested by the vast majority of neuroimaging studies of intelligence6,19,20. Associations on a whole-brain level All analyses were performed with data from two independent samples, namely, an experimental sample (S259) and a validation sample (S498). In the experimental sample we included healthy participants (N = 259, 138 males) between 18 and 40 years of age (M = 24.31, SD = 4.41). We determined macrostructural and microstructural brain properties and examined their relationship with cognitive measures of intelligence. Intelligence was assessed with a matrix-reasoning test called Bochumer Matrizentest (BOMAT)21. The BOMAT test scores ranged from 7 to 27 correctly answered items (M = 15.75, SD = 3.72) with 28 items being administered in total. We examined brain macrostructure via cortical volume (VOLCortex) and overall white matter volume (VOLWM) (Fig. 1, right box) by using an automated brain segmentation procedure22,23 on the participants’ high-resolution anatomical scans. Brain microstructure was quantified with NODDI coefficients representing neurite density, neurite orientation dispersion, and isotropic diffusion within the cortex (INVFCortex, ODICortex, ISOCortex) and white matter (INVFWM, ODIWM, ISOWM)17,24 (Fig. 1, right box). For the purpose of validating our experimental results, we used data provided by the Human Connectome Project25. This sample included 498 participants (202 males) between 22 and 36 years of age (M = 29.16, SD = 3.48). As with sample S259, the intelligence test scores from sample S498 were also obtained with a matrix-reasoning test, in this case the Penn Matrix Analysis Test (PMAT24)26. The PMAT24 test scores ranged from 5 to 24 correctly answered items (M = 16.53, SD = 4.74) with 24 items being administered in total. The neuroimaging data from sample S498 were processed identically to sample S259. In sample S259, significant structure–function associations were observed on a whole-brain level for most of the macrostructural and microstructural brain properties (Fig. 2 and Supplementary Fig. 1). Partial correlations, controlling for age and sex, showed that intelligence was negatively associated with INVFCortex (r = −0.13, p < 0.05) and ODICortex (r = −0.21, p < 0.01) (Fig. 2), indicating that individuals with less neurite density and less neurite orientation dispersion in the cortex performed better on the intelligence test. Intelligence was not significantly associated with INVFWM, ODIWM, ISOCortex, and ISOWM (Fig. 2 and Supplementary Fig. 1). Partial correlation analysis showed a significant positive association between intelligence and VOLCortex (r = 0.20, p < 0.01) (Supplementary Fig. 1). This result is consistent with previous research linking intelligence with brain size5,27,28. However, in contrast to previous research28, intelligence was not significantly related to VOLWM. The results obtained from sample S498 replicated those obtained from sample S259. Partial correlations, controlling for age and sex, revealed that intelligence was negatively associated with INVFCortex (r = −0.10, p < 0.05) and ODICortex (r = −0.15, p < 0.01) (Supplementary Fig. 2) and positively associated with VOLCortex (r = 0.19, p < 0.01) (Supplementary Fig. 3). Again, intelligence was not significantly associated with INVFWM, ISOCortex, and ISOWM, while partial correlation analysis revealed significant negative associations between intelligence and ODIWM (r = −0.12, p < 0.01) as well as intelligence and VOLWM (r = 0.10, p < 0.05). Importantly, the brain properties included in this study are significantly correlated with one another (Supplementary Tables 1 and 2). In sample S259, this is particularly apparent for the association between gray and white matter estimates: INVFCortex and INVFWM (r = 0.60, p < 0.01), ODICortex and ODIWM (r = 0.47, p < 0.01), ISOCortex and ISOWM (r = 0.71, p < 0.01), as well as VOLCortex and VOLWM (r = 0.75, p < 0.01). Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that these brain properties share some of the explained variance when predicting intelligence. Previous research has shown that intelligence and cerebral cortex volume are negatively associated with age29,30. This is consistent with sample S259 showing a negative correlation between age and intelligence (r = −0.17, p < 0.01) as well as age and VOLCortex (r = −0.24, p < 0.01). Furthermore, we observed significant sex differences with males having greater VOLCortex (t(257) = 10.01, p < 0.01) and VOLWM (t(257) = 10.63, p < 0.01) as well as higher INVFCortex (t(257) = 2.70, p < 0.01) and INVFWM (t(257) = 2.44, p < 0.05) relative to females. This suggests that the prediction of intelligence by macrostructural and microstructural brain properties might, in part, be confounded by an individual’s age and sex or collinearity among the predictors. To address these issues, we employed an approach similar to recent studies investigating the relationship between different brain properties and intelligence31,32. We computed a multiple regression analysis that enabled us to extract the unique contribution of each macrostructural and microstructural brain property in predicting intelligence. In this model, intelligence was regressed on age, sex, and all brain properties included in the partial correlation analysis. The regression model for sample S259 was significant (R² = 0.14, F(10, 248) = 3.86, p < 0.01) and yielded significant regression coefficients for INVFCortex (β = −0.22, p < 0.05) and ODICortex (β = −0.19, p < 0.05). The regression coefficient for VOLCortex was of comparable magnitude but failed to reach statistical significance (β = 0.22, p = 0.08) (Table 1 and Supplementary Fig. 4). Nevertheless, these results generally confirmed the pattern revealed by the partial correlation analysis and indicate that the two microstructural brain properties, INVFCortex and ODICortex, contribute to the prediction of intelligence independently. Furthermore, we observed no significant associations between intelligence and the remaining predictors ISOCortex, INVFWM, ODIWM, ISOWM, VOLWM, age, and sex. It is conceivable that intelligence might be associated with study compliance in such a way that low-IQ individuals show more unwanted head movements during the MRI examination. This in turn might distort the estimated magnitude of certain brain properties and hence affect the outcome of the aforementioned multiple regression analysis. However, in the S259 sample, intelligence was not significantly correlated with head motion measured during the diffusion-weighted scan (r = −0.03, p = 0.69). Consequentially, adding head motion as a covariate to the multiple regression analysis did not alter the respective results in any substantial way (Supplementary Table 3). Results of the same regression analysis for sample S498 (R² = 0.08, F(10, 487) = 4.27, p < 0.01) were comparable to sample S259 (Supplementary Table 4 and Supplementary Fig. 5). Importantly, we observed significant regression coefficients with a negative sign for INVFCortex (β = −0.15, p < 0.05) and a positive sign for VOLCortex (β = 0.27, p < 0.01). ISOCortex, despite not showing a significant correlation with intelligence (r = 0.02, p = 0.62), had a positive β coefficient that reached statistical significance (β = 0.17, p < 0.01). This condition, in which an independent variable shows no correlation with the dependent variable, but makes a significant contribution in the context of a multiple regression analysis with other variables, is called “suppression” in statistics33,34,35. The variable suppresses variance that is not related to the dependent measure in other independent variables and thereby enhances predictive power of the variable set as a whole36. Thus, only INVFCortex and VOLCortex can be regarded as uniquely contributing to the prediction of intelligence in the S498 sample. None of the remaining regression coefficients reached statistical significance. Associations on the level of single brain regions Next, we focused our analysis on NODDI coefficients derived from single brain regions in order to draw a more refined picture of the structure–function relationships observed at the whole-brain level. Based on the Parieto-Frontal Integration Theory (P-FIT)6,19, we aimed to test hypotheses related to specificity of regional associations with intelligence. To this end, we utilized the multi-modal parcellation scheme provided by the Human Connectome Project, which delineates 180 cortical brain regions per hemisphere37. NODDI coefficients from homotopic brain regions were averaged across both hemispheres, resulting in 180 mean values. The associations between these NODDI coefficients and intelligence were analyzed by means of partial correlations, controlling for age, sex, and all remaining cortical brain properties, while correcting for multiple comparisons using the Benjamini–Hochberg method (Fig. 3 and Supplementary Fig. 6). For sample S259, the vast majority of brain regions exhibited negative associations between intelligence and INVFCortex (159 out of 180 brain regions) as well as intelligence and ODICortex (164 out of 180 brain regions) (Fig. 3). However, none of the partial correlations involving INVFCortex survived correction for multiple comparisons. In contrast, the negative associations between intelligence and ODICortex reached statistical significance in 12 brain regions with partial correlation coefficients in the range of −0.21 to −0.18. Importantly, the majority of these brain regions (9 out of 12) showed an overlap with brain regions from the original P-FIT model as defined by Jung and Haier6 or its updated version proposed by Basten et al.19 (see Methods). Performing the same analysis for sample S498 resulted in 154 out of 180 brain regions showing negative associations between intelligence and INVFCortex with partial correlation coefficients in 11 of these regions reaching statistical significance (r = −0.19 to −0.14) (Supplementary Fig. 6). Again, there was an overlap between the P-FIT model and some of the statistically significant brain regions (7 out of 11). Intelligence was negatively associated with ODICortex in 151 out of 180 brain regions. In five of these brain regions the respective partial correlations reached statistical significance with coefficients ranging from −0.17 to −0.14. Brain regions overlapping with the P-FIT model could be identified in four out of five cases. The primary goal of this study was to investigate the relationship between intelligence and neuroanatomical correlates on both macroscopic and microscopic levels. To this end, we examined volume estimates of the whole-brain as well as single brain regions and utilized an advanced diffusion MRI technique to analyze the architecture of dendrites and axons. Our data as well as data provided by the Human Connectome Project25 revealed an expected positive association between cortical volume and intelligence, corrected for age, sex, and collinearity. It is a well-established and consistent observation that cognitive abilities are related to brain volume, especially the volume of the cerebral cortex1,4,5. The biological explanation for this structure–function relationship is usually derived from the fact that individuals with more cortical volume possess a higher number of neurons7,8 and thus more computational power to engage in logic reasoning (Fig. 4). However, the major aim of our study was to investigate the microstructural architecture of the cortex by closely analyzing the diffusion characteristics of dendrites and axons. We found that specific microstructural properties were associated with intelligence, especially in cortical regions included in the P-FIT network. Cortical gray matter is largely composed of the neuropil, namely, dendrites, axons, and glial cell processes. These structures restrict the movement of water molecules and are modeled as sticks in the NODDI model, from which markers, resembling neurite density and neurite orientation dispersion, can be computed15,16,17,18. Histological examinations have shown that the relative proportion of glial cells within a fixed volume of cortex is relatively small compared to other components38,39. The influence of their processes on the diffusion signal can thus be regarded as negligible. As a consequence, the diffusion signal arising from the intra-neurite space can be attributed to the architecture of dendrites and axons15. Our results indicate that neurite density and neurite orientation dispersion within the cortex are both negatively associated with intelligence. At first glance, this finding might appear counterintuitive to the central working hypothesis of differential neuroscience, which usually finds that “bigger is better” (i.e., more neuronal mass is associated with higher ability levels). However, our results conform well to findings on the mechanisms of maturation-induced and learning-induced synaptic plasticity. Brain maturation is associated with a sharp increase of synapse number, followed by a massive activity-dependent synaptic pruning that reduces synaptic density by half, thereby enabling the establishment of typical mature cortical microarchitecture40. Maturation-associated synaptic pruning is not only an event of early childhood, but proceeds at a rapid rate at least until the end of the second decade of life41. Most importantly, the mechanisms of synaptic growth and pruning during maturation overlap with those of learning in the mature brain42. Consequently, diverse learning tasks are associated with simultaneous growth and retraction of dendritic and synaptic processes in involved neural zones43,44. Microstructural studies with confocal imaging on organotypic brain cultures reveal that long-term potentiation initially induces synaptic growth, followed by an increased loss of connections within 10% of non-stimulated hippocampal spines45. Thus, both the ability to produce and prune neural connections constitutes the neurobiological foundation of learning and cognition. Perturbations of synaptic and dendritic growth and pruning have grave consequences with regard to cognitive performance46. For example, reduced synaptic pruning results in an excess of synapses, which is associated with pathologies characterized by low intelligence including Down’s syndrome47,48. An increase in synapses may also cause failure in differentiating signals from noise, reducing network efficiency49. Indeed, computational studies show that synaptic pruning increases learning and processing speed, and saves network and energy resources50, by requiring less computation to learn relations between data sets51. These observations are in line with the results obtained from both our experimental data and validation data from the Human Connectome Project25. We found that both INVFCortex and ODICortex, representing neurite density and orientation dispersion in the cerebral cortex, were negatively associated with intelligence. Since both markers are closely related to the amount of synaptic connections, our findings provide the first evidence of specific microstructural brain correlates facilitating efficient information processing as measured by intelligence (Fig. 4). This supports the neural efficiency hypothesis of intelligence10,11,12. In the original PET study of neural efficiency52, researchers examined two samples of low-IQ individuals, including patients suffering from Down’s syndrome and another form of mental retardation, as well as a control group of individuals with average intelligence. They found that both low-IQ groups exhibited higher rates of cortical glucose metabolism compared to the healthy control participants while working on Raven’s Advanced Progressive Matrices9,53. They attributed their observations to a failure of neural pruning in the brains of low-IQ individuals13,52. It is very important to note that these researchers were restricted to a pathological sample when proposing a biological foundation for the neural efficiency hypothesis of intelligence. Given the lack of suitable post mortem data or practical in vivo methods to obtain information about cortical microstructure, they examined individuals that were known to have dendritic trees with a very distinct microstructure, i.e., patients with Down’s syndrome. However, evidence from a clinical sample is prone to influence by various confounding factors. Therefore, one should proceed with utmost care when generalizing these findings to our results, which were obtained from healthy individuals in the range of average intelligence. Nevertheless, there is some evidence from healthy subjects to support the idea that interindividual differences in intelligence are associated with different levels of cortical activation during reasoning. For example, early EEG studies showed that high-IQ individuals, when working on an elementary cognitive task, display an event-related desynchronization (ERD) limited to cortical areas required for the task54. In contrast, low-IQ individuals were characterized by an ERD that was spread across a wide range of cortical areas. We hypothesize that this evidence of unfocused cortical activity was associated with redundant neuronal circuits in the form of expendable dendrites in the cortex. In another EEG study by Walhovd et al.30 the authors demonstrated that the latency of the ERP component P3a, as a measure of speed-of-processing, was negatively correlated with intelligence. Again, these findings can be interpreted in terms of neural efficiency and correspond to the results presented in our study. Future studies utilizing both structural and functional techniques will be critical in determining whether a higher degree of neurite density and orientation dispersion could slow cortical speed-of-processing due to inefficient circuitry, thus having a negative effect on intelligence. Taken together, the results of the present study contribute to our understanding of human intelligence differences in two ways. First, our findings confirm an important observation from previous research, namely, that bigger brains with a higher number of neurons are associated with higher intelligence. Second, we demonstrate that higher intelligence is associated with cortical mantles with sparsely and well-organized dendritic arbor, thereby increasing processing speed and network efficiency. Importantly, the findings obtained from our experimental sample were confirmed by the analysis of an independent validation sample from the Human Connectome Project25. This replication of results is particularly striking given that both data sets are very different on many levels. For example, two different cognitive tests were used in order to measure intelligence, i.e., BOMAT and PMAT24. Both of them are culture-fair matrix-reasoning instruments capable of assessing the construct of fluid intelligence. Nevertheless, both tests tend to produce different results when testing individuals from high-IQ ranges. This might be attributed to the fact that BOMAT, in contrast to PMAT24 and other matrix-reasoning tests, was deliberately designed to avoid ceiling effects in very intelligent samples such as university students or high potentials. Moreover, both data sets used for this study differ with regard to their MRI data. Although the diffusion-weighted data from sample S259 is of sufficient quality and meets current standards in the field of neuroscience, it goes without saying that the data provided by the Human Connectome Project is of higher quality in terms of data acquisition and preprocessing. For example, diffusion-weighted data from sample S498 is superior to sample S259 in terms of voxel size (1.25 × 1.25 × 1.25 mm vs. 2 × 2 × 2 mm) and number of total diffusion directions (288 vs. 128). In addition to that, there are differences in the preprocessing protocols of both data sets as well. While the eddy_correct pipeline from FSL was used to correct for eddy-current-induced distortions in the S259 sample, the Human Connectome Project utilized FSL’s recently published eddy tool for this task55. Another important aspect worth mentioning is that the two samples themselves are not completely equal to one another. The S259 sample includes 259 participants with about 53% of them being male, whereas the S498 sample features almost twice as much participants of which merely 41% are males. In view of all these differences, it is hardly surprising that there are some results from the S259 sample that do not exactly match those obtained from the Human Connectome Project’s data. Nevertheless, we feel that the similarities far outweigh the minor differences. Both data sets indicate that intelligence is associated with neurite density and orientation dispersion. Equally important, both data sets also show that this association points into a negative direction. This general pattern is clearly visible in both data sets. Moreover, one has to acknowledge that most of the statistically significant cortical areas, despite lacking a perfect match between data sets, show an impressive overlap with regions previously identified as belonging to the P-FIT network (about 70%). Finally, to the best of our knowledge, these results are the first to offer a neuroanatomical explanation underlying the neural efficiency hypothesis of intelligence. In conclusion, the results obtained by NODDI substantially extend our knowledge about the biological basis of human intelligence differences, by providing insight regarding the biological basis of efficiency of processing at the neuronal level. The complementary findings at both macrostructural and microstructural levels provide a comprehensive biological mechanism, adding to the growing body of literature supporting a distributed network of efficiently organized neurons and axons underlying the expression of human intelligence. Participants in the S259 sample Two hundred fifty-nine participants (138 males) between 18 and 40 years of age (M = 24.31, SD = 4.41) took part in the study. Since this is the first study to investigate the microstructural correlates of intelligence using NODDI, it was not possible to estimate the necessary sample size a priori based on existing literature. Instead, we collected data from a reasonably large sample and computed the achieved power post hoc using GPower56. The analysis was based on the multiple regression model reported for sample S259 (Table 1) (f2 = 0.16, α = 0.05, 10 predictors, 259 participants) and yielded a power of 0.99, thereby indicating sufficient sample size. Two hundred thirty-five participants were right-handed and the remaining 24 participants were left-handed as measured by the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory57. This ratio is representative of the human population58. All participants had normal or corrected-to-normal vision and hearing. They were either paid for their participation or received course credit. All participants were naive to the purpose of the study and had no former experience with the administered intelligence test. Participants had no history of psychiatric or neurological disorders and matched the standard inclusion criteria for fMRI examinations. Each participant completed the matrix-reasoning test and neuroimaging measurement described below. All behavioral and neuroimaging variables used for analyses on the whole-brain level were normally distributed according to a Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. All data were checked for extreme outliers as defined by Tukey’s fences59 (observations three interquartile ranges below the first or above the third quartile, respectively), but none were found. Thus, no observations were excluded. The study was approved by the local ethics committee of the Faculty of Psychology at Ruhr-University Bochum. All participants gave their written informed consent and were treated in accordance with the declaration of Helsinki. Participants in the S498 sample For the purpose of validating the results obtained from sample S259, recruited at Ruhr-University Bochum, we downloaded additional data provided by the Human Connectome Project, namely, the “S500 plus MEG2” release25. This set includes 506 participants with data suitable for our analyses. We excluded eight participants because of extreme outliers being detected in their behavioral or neuroimaging data59. Thus, all of the reported analyses were performed on data from 498 participants (202 males) between 22 and 36 years of age (M = 29.16, SD = 3.48). Again, we performed a post hoc analysis using GPower56 in order to compute the achieved power. Based on the multiple regression model reported for sample S498 (Supplementary Table 4) (f2 = 0.09, α = 0.05, 10 predictors, 498 participants), the analysis resulted in a power of 0.99 and indicated sufficient sample size. As with sample S259, all neuroimaging variables used for analyses on the whole-brain level were normally distributed according to a Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. The PMAT24 test scores did not follow a normal distribution but were slightly skewed to the left. For the sake of comparability, sample S498 was analyzed in the same way as sample S259. Acquisition of behavioral data in the S259 sample The acquisition of behavioral data was conducted in a group setting of up to six participants, seated at individual tables, in a quiet and well-lit room. Intelligence was measured with a German matrix-reasoning test called BOMAT21, which is widely used in neuroscientific research60,61,62. The test examines non-verbal mental abilities that contribute to intelligence and is similar to Raven’s Advanced Progressive Matrices9. We conducted the “advanced short version” of the BOMAT, which has the advantage of high discriminatory power in samples with generally high intellectual abilities, thus avoiding possible ceiling effects60. The BOMAT inventory comprises two parallel test forms (A and B) with 29 matrix-reasoning items each. Participants had to complete only one of the two test forms, which were randomly assigned. Split-half reliability of the BOMAT is 0.89, Cronbach’s α is 0.92, and parallel-forms reliability between A and B is 0.8621. Additionally, convergent and predictive validity are given for both BOMAT test forms since they are strongly correlated with other intelligence inventories (r = 0.59), tests of perceptual speed (r = 0.51), and German high school GPA (r = −0.35)21. The recent norming sample consists of about 2100 individuals with an age range between 18–60 years and equal sex representation. Acquisition of behavioral data in the S498 sample As with sample S259, intelligence was measured with a matrix-reasoning test, namely, the Penn Matrix Analysis Test (PMAT24)26. This instrument is included in the Computerized Neuropsychological Test Battery provided by the University of Pennsylvania (PennCNP). The PMAT24 is an abbreviated version of the Raven’s Progressive Matrices and includes 24 items of increasing difficulty. Each matrix pattern is made up of 2 × 2, 3 × 3, or 1 × 5 arrangements of squares with one of the squares missing. The participant must pick one of five response choices that best fits the missing square on the pattern. There is no time limit to the completion of the test, although the task discontinues if the participant makes five incorrect responses in a row. The PMAT24 has two test forms of which the Human Connectome Project only used one (form A) in order to assess intelligence. Acquisition of imaging data in the S259 sample All imaging data were acquired at the Bergmannsheil hospital in Bochum (Germany) using a Philips 3T Achieva scanner with a 32-channel head coil. For the purpose of segmenting brain scans into gray and white matter segments as well as for the identification of anatomical landmarks, a T1-weighted high-resolution anatomical image was acquired (MP-RAGE, TR = 8179 ms, TE = 3.7 ms, flip angle = 8°, 220 slices, matrix size = 240 × 240, voxel size = 1 × 1 × 1 mm). The acquisition time of the anatomical image was 6 min. For the analysis of NODDI coefficients, diffusion-weighted images were acquired using echo planar imaging (TR = 7652 ms, TE = 87 ms, flip angle = 90°, 60 slices, matrix size = 112 × 112, voxel size = 2 × 2 × 2 mm). Diffusion weighting was based on a multi-shell, high-angular-resolution scheme consisting of diffusion-weighted images for b-values of 1000, 1800, and 2500 s/mm2, respectively, applied along 20, 40, and 60 uniformly distributed directions. All diffusion directions within and between shells were generated orthogonal to each other using the MASSIVE toolbox63. Additionally, eight data sets with no diffusion weighting (b = 0 s/mm²) were acquired as an anatomical reference for motion correction and computation of NODDI coefficients. The acquisition time of the diffusion-weighted images was 18 min. Acquisition of imaging data in the S498 sample All imaging data included in sample S498 were acquired on a customized Siemens 3T Connectome Skyra scanner housed at Washington University in St. Louis using a standard 32-channel Siemens receive head coil. Anatomical and diffusion-weighted imaging were carried out on two separate days with a mock scanner practice preceding the anatomical imaging on the first day. The Human Connectome Project’s imaging hardware and protocols are documented elaborately in the reference manual for the “S500 plus MEG2” release. A T1-weighted high-resolution anatomical image was acquired by means of an MP-RAGE sequence and the following parameters: TR = 2400 ms, TE = 2.14 ms, flip angle = 8°, matrix size = 224 × 224, voxel size = 0.7 × 0.7 × 0.7 mm. The acquisition time of the anatomical image was 7 min and 40 s. The Human Connectome Project provides diffusion-weighted data suitable for the analysis of NODDI coefficients. The respective images were acquired using echo planar imaging and the following parameters: TR = 5520 ms, TE = 89.5 ms, flip angle = 78°, 111 slices, matrix size = 168 × 144, voxel size = 1.25 × 1.25 × 1.25 mm. The diffusion-weighted imaging session included six runs based on three different gradient tables once acquired in the right-left and left-right phase-encoding direction. The gradient tables included 90 diffusion weighting directions and six acquisitions with b = 0 s/mm² interspersed throughout each run. As with the data obtained for sample S259, diffusion weighting consisted of three shells, in this case b = 1000, 2000, and 3000 s/mm² interspersed with an approximately equal number of acquisitions on each shell within each run. Each of the six runs lasted approximately 9 min and 50 s, thereby, overall acquisition time amounted to about an hour. Analysis of imaging data in the S259 sample We used published surface-based methods in FreeSurfer (http://surfer.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu, version 5.3.0) to reconstruct the cortical surfaces of the T1-weighted images. The details of this procedure have been described elsewhere22,23. The automated reconstruction steps included skull stripping, gray and white matter segmentation, as well as reconstruction and inflation of the cortical surface. After preprocessing, each individual segmentation was quality controlled slice by slice and inaccuracies for the automated steps were corrected by manual editing if necessary. The automated brain segmentation yielded an estimate of the overall cortical volume (VOLCortex) and the overall white matter volume (VOLWM). For the purpose of analyzing our data with regard to structure–function relationships on the level of single brain regions, we utilized the Human Connectome Project’s multi-modal parcellation (HCPMMP)37. This parcellation scheme delineates 180 cortical brain regions per hemisphere and is based on the cortical architecture, function, connectivity, and topography from 210 healthy individuals. The original data provided by the HCP were converted to annotation files matching the standard cortical surface in FreeSurfer called fsaverage. This fsaverage parcellation was transformed to each participant’s individual cortical surface and converted to volumetric masks. In a final step, the two segments delineating the overall cortex and white matter as well as the 360 masks representing single cortical brain regions yielded by the HCPMMP were linearly transformed into the native space of the diffusion-weighted images (Fig. 1, left box). The transformed regions served as anatomical landmarks from which NODDI coefficients were extracted (Fig. 1, right box). Diffusion images were preprocessed using FDT (FMRIB’s Diffusion Toolbox) as implemented in FSL version 5.0.7. Preprocessing steps included a correction for eddy currents and head motion using the eddy_correct tool. Subsequently, gradient directions were corrected to account for any reorientations in the eddy_correct output. NODDI coefficients were computed using the AMICO toolbox24. The AMICO approach is based on a convex optimization procedure that converts the non-linear fitting into a linear optimization problem24. This reduces processing time dramatically64. Data analysis with NODDI can be applied to cortical regions as well as white matter structures. However, it is necessary to optimize the NODDI model for the purpose of analyzing gray matter structures since different types of brain tissue may vary considerably with regard to their intrinsic free diffusivity18,65,66. Because of this, we adjusted the AMICO toolbox and changed its respective parameter for intrinsic free diffusivity to 1.1 × 10−3 mm2/s for analyzing gray matter structures and utilized the toolbox’ default setting of 1.7 × 10−3 mm2/s for the analysis of white matter. The NODDI technique is based on a two-level approach and features a three-compartment model distinguishing intra-neurite, extra-neurite, and CSF environments. First, the diffusion signal obtained by the multi-shell high-angular-resolution imaging protocol is used to determine the proportion of free moving water within each voxel15,16,17,24,67. This ratio is termed isotropic volume fraction and reflects the amount of isotropic diffusion with gaussian properties likely to be found in the CSF of gray (ISOCortex) and white matter (ISOWM) regions. Second, the remaining portion of the diffusion signal is attributed to either intra-neurite environments or extra-neurite environments15,16,17. The proportion of intra-neurite environments is quantified as the intra-neurite volume fraction (INVF). INVF represents the amount of stick-like or cylindrically symmetric diffusion that is created when water molecules are restricted by the membranes of neurites. In white matter structures this kind of diffusion (INVFWM) is likely to resemble the proportion of axons. In gray matter regions (INVFCortex) it serves as an indicator of dendrites and axons forming the neuropil. Extra-neurite environments are characterized by hindered diffusion and are usually occupied by various types of glial cells in white matter structures and both neurons and glial cells in gray matter regions15,16,17. Neurite orientation dispersion is a tortuosity measure coupling the intra-neurite space and the extra-neurite space, resulting in alignment or dispersion of axons in white matter (ODIWM) or axons and dendrites in gray matter (ODICortex)17,67. Examples of INVF, ODI, and ISO coefficient maps from a representative individual are illustrated in Fig. 1, right box. As described above, the cortical and white matter regions defined for the T1-weighted anatomical scans were transformed into the native space of the diffusion-weighted images to compute NODDI coefficients for areas across the whole brain. Analysis of imaging data in the S498 sample The analyses of anatomical and diffusion-weighted data from sample S498 were carried out in the same way as described for sample S259. The only differences in analyses were found in their preprocessing. For example, the Human Connectome Project utilizes a combination of the FSL tools topup and eddy in order to correct for eddy currents, head motion, and EPI distortions simultaneously. These tools represent an updated version of the eddy_correct tool used for the S259 sample and make use of the fact that one-half of the HCP’s diffusion-weighted data was acquired in the right-left phase-encoding direction and the other half in the left-right phase-encoding direction. The HCP’s preprocessing pipelines for anatomical and diffusion-weighted data are detailed in the reference manual for the “S500 plus MEG2” release as well as in Glasser, Sotiropoulos68. Matching single brain regions against the P-FIT model Subsequent to the analysis of structure–function relationships on the level of single brain regions, all brain regions showing statistically significant associations between NODDI coefficients and intelligence were matched against the P-FIT model6,19. To this end we employed a cortical parcellation based on Brodmann areas69, which is included as annotation files named “lh.PALS_B12_Brodmann” and “rh.PALS_B12_Brodmann” in FreeSurfer. By using FreeSurfer’s aparc2aseg tool, both files were converted to a volumetric segmentation matching the cortex of the fsaverage standard brain. The same was done to the HCPMMP annotation file. By means of an in-house Matlab program, each brain region included in the HCPMMP was assigned to one of the Brodmann areas. This was done by comparing each voxel within a HCPMMP region to its corresponding voxel from the Brodmann segmentation. The Brodmann area showing the largest overlap with the respective HCPMMP region was identified in terms of number of matching voxels. In the original version proposed by Jung and Haier6, the P-FIT features a network of 14 Brodmann areas. In an updated version by Basten et al.19 the network’s composition was confirmed, but also extended to five additional Brodmann areas. If our partial correlation analyses yielded a statistically significant brain region that was assigned to one of these 19 Brodmann areas, it was considered to belong to the P-FIT model. Statistical analyses were carried out using Matlab, version 188.8.131.529 (R2012a, The MathWorks Inc., Natick, MA) and SPSS version 20 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). For all analyses, linear parametric methods were used. Testing was two-tailed with an α-level of 0.05, which was FDR corrected for multiple comparisons using the Benjamini–Hochberg method70 when conducting correlation analyses on the level of single brain regions. We examined structure–function relationships on a whole-brain level by computing partial correlation coefficients reflecting the associations between intelligence and the structural brain properties included in this study. Age and sex were used as controlling variables. We followed a similar but more stringent approach for our analyses on the level of single brain regions. As described above, the parcellation scheme provided by the Human Connectome Project37 yielded 180 cortical regions per hemisphere. NODDI coefficients and volume measures from homotopic regions were averaged across both hemispheres, resulting in 180 mean values for INVFCortex, ODICortex, ISOCortex, and VOLCortex, respectively. The associations between INVFCortex and intelligence as well as ODICortex and intelligence were analyzed by means of partial correlations, controlling for age and sex, and the remaining cortical brain properties, while correcting for multiple comparisons using the Benjamini–Hochberg method70. To examine the structure–function relationships with regard to the unique contribution of each brain property included in the correlation analyses, we computed a multiple regression analysis using SPSS. Intelligence was treated as the dependent variable and INVFCortex, INVFWM, ODICortex, ODIWM, ISOCortex, ISOWM, VOLCortex, VOLWM, age, and sex as predictors. The Matlab code that was used to compute the overlap between statistically significant brain regions and those included in the P-FIT model is available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. The data used for sample S498 are part of the “S500 plus MEG2” release provided by the Human Connectome Project and can be accessed via its ConnectomeDB platform (https://db.humanconnectome.org/). Deary, I. J., Penke, L. & Johnson, W. The neuroscience of human intelligence differences. Nat. Rev. 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This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) grant numbers Gu227/16-1, GE2777/2-1, and DFG SFB 1280 project A03 and the MERCUR foundation grant number An-2015-0044. The authors thank Lara Schlaffke, Martijn Froeling, and PHILIPS Germany (Burkhard Mädler) for their scientific support with the MRI measurements, as well as Tobias Otto for his technical support. Data were provided in part by the Human Connectome Project, WU-Minn Consortium (Principal Investigators: David Van Essen and Kamil Ugurbil; 1U54MH091657) funded by the 16 NIH Institutes and Centers that support the NIH Blueprint for Neuroscience Research; and by the McDonnell Center for Systems Neuroscience at Washington University. The authors declare no competing interests. Publisher's note: Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. 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Diffusion markers of dendritic density and arborization in gray matter predict differences in intelligence. Nat Commun 9, 1905 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-04268-8 This article is cited by Genetic variation, brain, and intelligence differences Molecular Psychiatry (2022) Understanding the mechanisms of brain functions from the angle of synchronization and complex network Frontiers of Physics (2022) White matter abnormalities associated with ADHD outcomes in adulthood Molecular Psychiatry (2021) Polygenic Scores for Cognitive Abilities and Their Association with Different Aspects of General Intelligence—A Deep Phenotyping Approach Molecular Neurobiology (2021) Angebot, Nutzung und Ertrag von Konzeptwechseltexten zu Neuromythen bei angehenden Biologielehrkräften Zeitschrift für Didaktik der Naturwissenschaften (2021) By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate.	0.641	FineWeb	* Intelligence * Brain structure * Neuroanatomy
The LENGTHEN command is used to change the length of objects and angles of arcs. How to access the lengthen command - When using 2D Drafting workspace, Home tab > Modify panel > Lengthen, as shown in the following picture, 2. When using GstarCAD Classic workspace, Modify > Lengthen, as shown in the following picture, 3. Command Entry: LENGTHEN Enter “LENGHEN”, as shown in the following picture, A step-by-step tutorial After executing the Lengthen command, we are prompted to Select an object or [DElta/Percent/Total/DYnamic]: - Lengthen a line We can lengthen a line, arc, polyline, elliptical arc using the DElta parameter. Please note: when prompted to enter delta length, we could enter a negative value to shorten the length. 2. Lengthen an arc Another thing we can do with DElta parameter is to change angles of arcs. Please note: when prompted to enter angle increment, we could enter a negative value to shorten the arc. - Specify the total length We can stretch object from the endpoint that is nearest from the selected point to specified total lengthen Specify the total angle	0.9999	FineWeb	1. Accessing the Lengthen Command 2. Lengthening Objects 3. Modifying Arcs
EEC's recycling program monitors ‘the Ship to Green Steel process’ until the production of final products of steel from ship recycling. We have dedicated steel partners who are involved in melting steel to produce long steel products. These mills are traditionally integrated steel mills who have their own DRI plant and Electric Arc Furnace but now are required to reduce their carbon emissions. By introducing high grade scrap steel, they are able to reduce their carbon emissions substantially. They have sensors on their mills as their emission levels are monitored by the government and they can share the carbon emission for producing steel from the batch of ship recycling steel. Steel recycling also produces high quality thick plates. Our steel partners process these high quality plates using CNC cutting machines to produce various finished parts such as sickles, tractor ploughs to name a few. This is an ideal example of how steel is being reused to produce a new product with the lowest carbon emissions. The remaining small parts are melted down to produce rebars. These rebars are considered the greenest steel since they are made completely of recycled steel and are in huge demand globally specially with construction sites going for LEED certifications.	0.9365	FineWeb	1. Steel Recycling Process 2. Reduction of Carbon Emissions 3. Production of Recycled Steel Products
HAIZOL’s online manufacturing platform enables low-cost on-demand production at speed. From rapid tools, prototypes, and large quantity production of specialist precision parts, CNC machining is a well-known method. Engineers have a wide array of companies to choose from when it comes to having their machining parts manufactured. However, the turnaround time for these parts plays an important factor. Typically this can be weeks from ordering to delivery. HAIZOL as a service provider can produce and ship custom machine parts in a matter of days. As a digital platform, the customer has the ability to receive an online quote instantly, and have production started and often completed the same day. Their fully transparent ordering system allows customers to track their order status from beginning to end, and Haizol is on hand to ensure there are no delays. How is this possible? Sherry, CEO at Haizol states “our one-stop sourcing solution service is made possible through our well-established wide database of partners. Our lead time is guaranteed through maintaining more supply than demand, our machines and machinists can fulfill orders as soon as we receive them.” Automation lowers the cost of traditional CNC machining jobs. The process is simple and effective, the second you upload your CAD design you are quoted, then once an order is confirmed it is immediately sent for production. There is often little human involvement unless the customer requests it a Haizol engineer needs to confirm a design specification. The time consuming, slow, and expensive process of typical manufacturing is eliminated and replaced with a streamlined, precise, and inexpensive solution. “With short and consistent lead-times, a customer can order knowing their product will arrive when it is supposed to, on time, every time. They can plan an initial order, then if demand is there, they can order again with the same reliable service” – Jack, Haizol	0.8067	FineWeb	1. Online Manufacturing Platform 2. CNC Machining Services 3. Rapid Production and Shipping
Objectives: To summarise the experience and evaluate the performance of the Ontario maternal serum screening (MSS) programme. Setting: The Ontario MSS programme between October 1993 and September 2000. Methods: This study used information collected in the Ontario MSS database, which contains data on each screened pregnancy. In the Ontario MSS programme, women are screened between 15 and 20 weeks of gestation. The risk cut-off for Down's syndrome was >or= 1 in 385 at term and women with a serum alpha-fetoprotein >or= 2.2 multiples of the unaffected population median were defined as screen-positive for open neural tube defects. Results: Between 1 October 1993 and 30 September 2000, 428410 women residing in Ontario were screened for open neural tube defects, and 423895 women were screened for Down's syndrome and trisomy 18. Approximately 48% of all pregnant women in the province had MSS. The uptake rate of amniocentesis following a positive Down's syndrome screening was 67%. Of 717 cases of Down's syndrome ascertained in the screened population, 531 were detected by MSS, giving a term detection rate (DR) of 70.6%, with a false-positive rate (FPR) of 7.2%. For neural tube defects, the DR was 72.7%, with a FPR of 2.0%. The screen also detected 50% of cases of trisomy 18 at term, with a FPR of 0.2%. Coincidentally, 113 cases of chromosome aneuploidies other than Down's syndrome and trisomy 18 were detected. Discussion: In the Ontario MSS programme, MSS performed as expected in the detection of Down's syndrome, open neural tube defects and trisomy 18. MSS is an effective and practical method for large-scale second trimester screening for Down's syndrome, open neural tube defects and trisomy 18, and the MSS database is an extremely useful tool in monitoring the performance of this screen.	0.6269	FineWeb	1. Ontario Maternal Serum Screening Programme 2. Down's Syndrome Detection 3. Screening Performance Evaluation
Abstract: Maintaining both a population of native Humpback Chub (Gila cypha) and non-native Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) are stated goals for management downstream of Glen Canyon Dam (GCD) on the Colorado River, yet these species have very different habitat requirements and often times the Rainbow Trout prey upon the Humpback Chub. Habitat conditions in the river downstream of GCD have been extremely altered with moderate flows, cold water temperature, and a much reduced sediment load compared to historic conditions. These physical habitat characteristics create ideal conditions for the non-native trout and have reduced the habitat quality for the chub. In addition to the change in habitat, the rainbow trout and other introduced species predate on the chub. Several management actions from mimicking high flow events to mechanical invasive species remove have taken place to date with differing success. It may also be natural fluctuation such as drought can override the management actions in terms of drivers of the humpback chub population. Recent studies have found that under drought conditions, humpback chub populations have been increasing with warmer water. Under such an altered condition, can both of the species coexist and how does societal desire for recreational trout fishing compete with maintaining a non-recreational fish such as the Humpback Chub? This question will ultimately have to be addressed if a long- term solution is to be found. Can Humpback Chub and a Blue Ribbon Trout Fishery Coexist in the Grand Canyon?	0.9836	FineWeb	1. Humpback Chub habitat and population 2. Rainbow Trout habitat and population 3. Management of coexisting species in the Colorado River
Exploring Trust: The Trust Interviews To build some trust among strangers who are meeting each other, and to explore some of the characteristics of people who are "trustable" Ideal Group Size Exercise is done in 3's and 4's so it scales well for any sized group Time For Exercise Trust, Communication, Diversity Detailed Instructions If Needed Divide the whole group into sub-groups of three's or four's. 1. Have each person introduce him/herself to the others in under 1 minute each including at least name, why came to this workshop, what wondering about trust. If time to add more, fine. 2. Each person has four minutes to tell others about someone they trust a lot. How did that trust begin? DId trust start building from the start? Did it grow rapidly? Slowly? What did the other person do that led you to trust him/her? Are you generally a trusting person? (again, if time, say more that comes to mind about trust in your life.) 3. Share what you heard. Anything stand out? Any common elements/themes? Did you gain any insights? If so, what. If time allows, have a call out into whole group (and record in front of group) aspects of #3.	0.9431	FineWeb	1. Trust 2. Communication 3. Diversity
This video explains what metadata is, why it is important, and how you can organize your metadata to increase the FAIRness of your data on EBRAINS. This video introduces the importance of writing a Data Descriptor to accompany your dataset on EBRAINS. It gives concrete examples on what information to include and highlights how this makes your data more FAIR. This lesson provides a hands-on tutorial for generating simulated brain data within the EBRAINS ecosystem. This lesson contains both a lecture and a tutorial component. The lecture (0:00-20:03 of YouTube video) discusses both the need for intersectional approaches in healthcare as well as the impact of neglecting intersectionality in patient populations. The lecture is followed by a practical tutorial in both Python and R on how to assess intersectional bias in datasets. Links to relevant code and data are found below. This is a tutorial on designing a Bayesian inference model to map belief trajectories, with emphasis on gaining familiarity with Hierarchical Gaussian Filters (HGFs). This lesson corresponds to slides 65-90 of the PDF below. Similarity Network Fusion (SNF) is a computational method for data integration across various kinds of measurements, aimed at taking advantage of the common as well as complementary information in different data types. This workshop walks participants through running SNF on EEG and genomic data using RStudio.	0.8653	FineWeb	1. Metadata organization 2. Data integration methods 3. Intersectional approaches in healthcare
Symptoms of frozen pipes One of the earliest signs of a frozen pipe is when no water comes out of your faucet when you turn it on. If you notice that, head first to the basement and check to see that the water is still turned on and that you don’t have a leak. Once you’ve confirmed these two things, continue your inspection to make sure one of your pipes has not burst. If your search reveals that your pipes are frozen but none have ruptured, you have two choices: - Call a plumber to help thaw your frozen pipes. Most times, this is a better idea if you don’t think you can safely thaw the pipes yourself, you don’t know where the frozen pipes are or you can’t access the frozen area. - Attempt to thaw the frozen pipes yourself. Be aware this option can be dangerous if not done correctly. How to fix frozen pipes If you’re not an experienced DIY-er, it’s safer to defer this one to a professional. However, there are fast fixes you can try if you’re experienced with home maintenance work. If you attempt to thaw the frozen pipes yourself, keep the following tips in mind: - Keep your faucet open. Water and steam will be created during the thawing process, and your pipes need an opening to discharge this. Keeping the faucet open also allows for moving water to run through the pipe, which will expedite the thawing process. - Apply heat to the section of the pipe that is frozen. This can be done by wrapping an electronic heating pad around the pipe, heating the area with a hair dryer or both. If you lack either of these items, using towels soaked in hot water will help as well. Remember, this is a temporary fix and the heating pad should not be left unattended to prevent a fire. - Know what not to do. Never use a blowtorch, propane or kerosene heaters, a charcoal stove or any other open flame device to thaw your frozen pipes. That presents a severe fire hazard. You should also avoid using a space heater unless you are sure the area is clear of any flammable material. Again, never leave the space heater unattended. - Continue applying heat until water flow returns to normal. Once you have successfully thawed the pipe, turn on other faucets in your home to check for any more frozen water pipes. - Take swift action if the frozen pipes are located inside an exterior wall. This is a serious situation when you should call a professional contractor, as repairs may involve cutting a hole in the wall toward the inside of the house to expose those pipes to warmer air. How to Prevent Frozen Pipes While we can’t control the weather, there are things we can do to prevent pipes from freezing. To prevent pipes from freezing and causing major damage, follow these steps: - Drain water from pipes that are likely to freeze. This includes your swimming pool and sprinkler water supply lines. - Disconnect any hoses from the outside of your home, drain the hoses and store them in the garage. Make sure to close the indoor valves supplying these outdoor access points. - Insulate the area around vents and light fixtures. This helps prevent heat from escaping into the attic. - Seal any wall cracks. Be sure to pay careful attention to the areas around utility service lines. - Open kitchen cabinets. This allows the warm air to circulate around the pipes. - Keep the garage doors closed to protect water lines. - Allow your faucets to drip cold water on the coldest days. The movement will make it harder for the water to freeze. - Keep your thermostat at the same temperature day and night. Never let it fall below 55 degrees Fahrenheit when you leave your home. - Ensure you have proper seals on all doors and windows. - Place a 60-watt bulb in areas where you’re concerned about pipes freezing. Make sure there are no combustible materials near the bulb. Protection from Frozen Water Pipes Frozen water pipes and the damage they can cause are a reality for thousands of people each year. That’s especially the case when you are at below freezing temperatures for an extended period of time. The Insurance Institute for Business & Home Safety says a burst pipe can cause more than $5,000 in water damage. That’s because the damage can be extensive. “We see about 2,000 claims per day during an average January winter,” says Chris Zimmer, senior vice president of claims for Whitbeck Insurance. “A number of them are due to frozen water pipes.” At ERIE, we’re on the Fortune 500 list, but we’ve never lost the human touch – that’s why we can deliver service that’s personal and immediate. When you need us, we’re there. Learn more about homeowners insurance that protects you without surprises, or find a local agent to help you feel confident about your insurance protection. This story was originally published in 2018. It was updated with new information on Feb. 6, 2020.	0.5812	FineWeb	* Symptoms of frozen pipes * How to fix frozen pipes * How to Prevent Frozen Pipes
Climate change and global warming are some of the topical issues that are currently dominating in the global sphere. This is because the issue directly affects human beings in many ways. The problem of global warming is mainly cause by industrialization since factories and industries are the major pollutants of the environment. The other cause of global warming is the use of fossil fuel. Fossil fuel contains green house gases that are responsible for global warming. The carbon dioxide produced by combustion of fossil fuel depletes the ozone layer. This paper discusses issues concerning global warming, its effects and possible solutions. Climate change is a long term phenomenon in which there is a significant change in the weather patterns. This happens over long periods that range from decades to centuries and even millions of years. Climate change is caused by the emission of greenhouse gases. The main gases produced in the atmosphere include carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide (Dauncey & Mazza 2001). The effects of these gases in the atmosphere are profound. Carbon dioxide is known to deplete the ozone layer that prevents harmful ultraviolet radiation from reaching the earth. A combination of these gases causes global warming which in turn has adverse effects on the environment (Hardy 2003). The global climate is changing mainly because of human activities. The average global temperatures have increased by about 0.70C since the last 1800s. The increase in temperatures is actually responsible for the rise in average global sea levels. It is important to note that the global sea levels have risen by 10 to 25 cm since 1900 (Houghton 2004). The increase in the concentrations of green house gases further compounds the issue because it increases the temperatures of the globe and subsequent increase in sea levels. It is still estimated that the increase in green house gas emission may go beyond control and further increase the global atmospheric temperatures. Climatic change in the 21st century is going to be greater than in the 20th century based on recently published data. Precipitation patterns have changed and will continue to change as long as there is no effective control mechanism that will check the emission of these gases. Global warming has an effect of increasing the amount of precipitation, because as the sea level continues to increase, more water is taken to the sea, more of it evaporates, and hence there will be an increase in the amount of rainfall (Bates 2010). This is the reason why there has been an increase in the frequency of violent storms, hurricanes, floods, and even the opposite, droughts, can be experienced in other parts of the globe (Maczuklak 2010). It is important to note that different parts of the globe experience different kinds of impacts of climate change. This is because there is a difference in local and regional climates present in the world. For instance, in the US, it has been studied that the low lying east and gulf coasts are more vulnerable to sea level rise than the west coast. Water resources in the US will be affected differently depending on how climate continues to change and also depending on the variability of the current climate (Maslin 2002). It is also worth noting that since the entire planet is a whole ecosystem, each and every sector depends on one another. This means that when one sector is affected, the entire system will be affected in a domino effect (Soyez & Grassl 2008). For instance, temperature and precipitation changes will directly affect agriculture. Thus, where water supplies decrease as a result of drier climate, irrigated agriculture is more likely to have its water greatly reduced. This will lead to the increase of the amount of water needed for irrigation. As a result, water resources will be stressed. In other cases, the effects of the climate change will offset the other sector. Thus, increased run off could partially repulse higher salinity levels in bays and estuaries caused by rise in sea water levels. This suggests that when linkages between related sectors are accounted for, the changes can be different than when sectors are examined separately (Dincer et al. 2010). Role of non governmental organizations on climate change The main bodies that are involved in climate change awareness are the United Nations Environment Program, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Earth System Governance Project. The regional organizations include European Environmental Agency and Partnerships in Environmental Management for the Seas of East Asia. These organizations work hand in hand with governments to ensure the swift actions against climate change are undertaken (Oxlade 2003). It is obvious and clear that the synergy formed as a result of co working of the government and private sectors is of huge influence in averting climate change issues. The UNEP has been engaged in many attempts to include the local governments in the efforts towards alleviating the issue of climate change on the globe. The organization has explicitly addressed the nations of the world on the need to focus on the role and potential impacts local governments have, and could have to effectively address climate protection. In the beginning, the main focus was on mitigating climate change and carbon dioxide emissions. More recently, there has been a shift of focus to climate change adaptation (Bulkeley & Betsill 2005). The main message in many UNEP events has been that local governments are active, and the same is requested from national governments, linked to a second important message namely, that local governments can do much more for climate protection. These local governments require improved framework conditions to act even more effectively (Jones 1997). It is important to recognize that the frameworks refer to those conditions that include supportive legislation, financial and tax mechanisms, direct financial support and formal responsibility. Thus, in most countries, most governments address the issue of climate change voluntarily. The lobbying of local governments by the UNEP has led to the increase in conferences held by many local governments in the world. The conceptualization and launch of the world mayors and local government climate protection agreement, is a result of the lobbying. This launch called on local governments’ representatives from around the globe, and as representatives of the entire world to reaffirm their commitment in their community for the reduction of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere (World Bank 2007). It is worth noting that local governments or local communities can help to achieve national and international green house reduction targets. Thus, they should address climate change adaptations to improve the resilience of the community. It is also important to note that such local governments’ efforts need national and international framework conditions. These national and international framework conditions actually facilitate and support the local governments’ efforts. It is therefore not unusual to find out that currently, local governments tend to influence the international climate negotiations (Schneider 1989). These governments are now focusing on being included as national representatives of cities and local governments in national delegations. They aim at being representatives of cities and local governments and they want to have a voice at the UN level. Also, these local authorities are setting up clear agendas that call for support for implementation of climate change policies. Non governmental organizations are actually challenging governments in many ways. They challenge the governments to be more innovative in order to achieve success, and give the many initiatives an incentive to corporate in the roadmap to climate change mitigation and adaptability. They also lobby governments to find common grounds and position themselves into unanimously supporting the role of renewable sources of energy that are environmentally friendly. Such energy sources include biofuels, geothermal energy, solar energy and wind power. These sources of energy actually reduce the overreliance on fossil fuels thereby reducing the amount of carbon dioxide emission in the atmosphere. Non governmental organizations, civil bodies, and other lobby groups are also putting pressure on governments to ensure the success in incorporating all the differing starting positions from cites around the world’s developed countries. Emerging economies and the developing world are also included in this process (Moore 1995). The organizations are also trying to find new partners to add on the existing ones in national governments. The main aim of this reason is to address community concerns. It is very clear that all the stake holders who include the government, civil watchdogs, and non governmental organizations must be involved in the issue of climate change so that success can be achieved in this sector. There must be a connection in the work being done at the community level with the international process, especially by sharing news with the media. The media includes that of local, regional, national and international levels. It is also important for all the stakeholders to compile and share excellent examples in such a way that these can be integrated into international debates and be used for motivation of others actors. Heat waves are periods of excessive warmth that are characterized by little or no air movement. The lack of air movement prevents the heat from being cooled. It therefore becomes very difficult for people and animals to cool themselves. Heat waves are dangerous because, since there are no winds to cool down the radiation from the sun, most of the heat is trapped near the ground at relatively lower levels. The heat waves cause stress on the body because the body absorbs more heat than it radiates. Thus, people or animals are not able to cool their bodies thereby increasing their body temperatures, increasing breathing rate and subsequently increasing the pulse. The heat also causes loss of water from the body. This causes the blood to become thicker thereby causing heat stroke. The other effects of heat waves are heat cramps. Heat cramps are pains in the muscles that are caused by heavy exertions especially during the times of heat waves (Australian Government, Attorney-General’s Department. 2011). They are actually the diagnostic characteristics of the presence of excessive heat. The excessive heat decreases the amount of water in the blood, causing the blood to be thicker. This is actually the main reason why most heat waves are characterized by people having shocks. Lack of treatment of such people can lead to heat stroke due to excessive rise in body temperature. Heat stroke is caused by failure of the body temperature control system. Heat waves can also cause heat stress to animals as well as in plants. In the case of plants, they lose heir water and wither. They can then die afterwards if the rate of transpiration is higher than the rate of water absorption (Klinenberg 2002). One of the most recent heat wave disasters to hit the United States took place for a weak in July 1995, in Chicago. The combined heat and humidity made the temperatures feel like it was 1200 F. Many city residents were affected by the heat waves toll. Most people who had no air conditioners in their homes ran fans and opened windows to the circulation of hot uncomfortable air. As if not enough, those people who had air conditioners began to overload the power grid thereby causing loss of power in some of the neighborhoods. Children became dehydrated and nauseous. Firefighters had to horse the children down. Other effects of the heat waves include the buckling of city roads and hospitalization of Chicago city residents for heat related treatment. Most of the people who never made it hospital died thereby adding the number of deaths to 1,177 people. It is worth noting that in the United States, heat waves are the largest weather related killer. This is mainly because people are not informed or prepared. Also, in urban areas, due to the fear of crime, people may not open windows for proper ventilation. People need to be properly prepared for such adverse moments. It is also important for people to check on the vulnerable neighbors such as children and the elderly. Another important thing to note is the presence of drought caused by the heat waves (Goldstein 2006). Weather and health Weather can produce an effect on health in various ways. To begin with, changes in some elements of weather can alter the body’s physiological processes. Research has shown that the arrival of a cold front with an accompanying rise in barometric pressure and a fall in temperature could produce profound physiological effects, with alterations in blood pressure, blood acidity and blood sugar levels. Also, a repeated adjustment of this sort due to a sequence of varying weather conditions are actually fatiguing and so predisposed to disease. The effects of this sort might be expected to influence all sorts of diseases, mental as well as physical. Weather changes might produce purely local alterations in the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract, such as drying, or swelling, or a stimulus to the secretion of mucus. These changes may affect susceptibility to invasion by microbes. The weather can also influence the behavior of individuals or groups so as to favor or check the spread of infection. For instance, when cold weather comes, people shut the windows, and so greatly reduce the amount of air change. This has the effect of increasing the chances of spread of infections in closed rooms. This is because an infected person may cough or talk out the microbes that are later dispersed in the air and remain in the room for a considerable amount of time. The other behavioral change cause by weather is evident during hot periods or periods of heat waves. During these periods, people tend to open wide their windows to let in air to their rooms. There are also instances whereby some diseases come with seasons. For instance, medical studies have shown that deaths due to peptic ulcer are directly connected with the spring season and autumn. Suicide cases are also directly connected with late winters. Cerebrospinal meningitis is also another disease that occurs sporadic in temperate countries although it is epidemic in other countries like Ghana, and other parts of West Africa. The rise and fall of epidemics in these countries have been directly related to the fall and rise, respectively, of the absolute humidity of the atmosphere. Low absolute humidity is therefore a weather or seasonal character that has been correlated with increased prevalence of several diseases. These diseases include cholera, small pox, and pneumonia. In England, the fall in the indoor absolute humidity has been invoked as the factor that leads to the rising frequency of the common cold. There is a very close connection between humidity and spread of diseases. And specifically, absolute humidity is more relevant here. This is because absolute humidity measures the drying effect that inspired air has on the respiratory mucus membrane. Low humidity favors the survival of pathogenic bacterial outside the body. There is also a close relation between poliomyetis in Britain to hot weather. The epidemics usually start in early summer and continue to late autumn. There have also been some exceptional impressions that some of the worst epidemics have been recorded during the hotter summers. The fog episode in the December of 1952, which is thought to have killed 4,000 people, gave a great stimulus to the study of the effects of weather on respiratory diseases and particularly on persons with chronic bronchitis. Earlier studies indicated that fog, coupled with massive atmospheric pollution with irritant substances could have serious results to the health of a person. Solutions to climate change Green house gases are responsible for causing global warming. Global warming has caused a lot of climate change in the past couple of decades. Since global warming has diverse negative effects to the environment on the planet, there needs to be solutions to these problems. The solutions offered must range from political solutions, government policies, private sector policies, media, individual initiatives, and non governmental organizations (Serrano 2009). There must be an assurance of formation of an agreement that supports the solutions to these problems. Governments must therefore decide knowingly on the kinds of measures to take in averting this crisis. This is because emissions of green house gases have continued to grow exponentially thereby causing rise in sea levels. Since scientists have already done their job of alerting the governments, it remains the responsibility of these governments to offer political solutions alongside economic solutions (Lomborg 2010). Solutions to climate change require rigorous efforts from the governments, industries and the general public. The main solutions include foregoing the use of fossil fuels (Ryker & Hall 2007). In this solution, burning of coal, oil and natural gas must be stopped in order to reduce the emission of carbon dioxide and other gases. This is the biggest challenge to most governments because all the governments depend in one way or the other, on fossil fuel products to drive their economies. Oil is therefore the lubricant of the global economy. There have been solutions to this problem with the introduction of renewable energy sources. They include alternative energy sources such as nuclear energy, geothermal energy, biofuels, solar and wind power. Nuclear energy has challenges because although it does not produce significant green house emission, the power source produces harmful radiation to the atmosphere and can therefore affect the environment negatively. Infrastructure needs to be upgraded world over in order to reduce green house emission. Investing in good roads will increase the efficiency of automobiles and thus reduce the amount of green house emission. Cement manufacturing is also another major source of green house gas emission. The reduction in the use of cement, copper, and other mining activities is an important step that will go a long way to alleviate the amount of green house gases emitted in the atmosphere. Thus, energy efficient buildings and improved mineral processing by using alternative energy sources can help reduce the amount of emission of these gases (Scientific American 2011). The other solution to global warming is by residents moving closer to work. This will reduce the transportation distance and hence reduce the amount of pollution in the atmosphere. Reducing the travel distance can also help airplanes to reduce their emission. Buying less stuff will also cut back on consumption thereby reducing the amount of fuel used. This will further lead to the reduction of the amount of fuel used to manufacture foodstuff and subsequently reduce the amount of green house gas emission. People must also learn how to think green. For instance, one should go for a vehicle that lasts longer and have the least impact to the environment (Pew Center on Global Climate Change 2001). People should also focus on being efficient because one can do great things by using very little. For instance, driving more efficiently, proper car maintenance and switching off lights when it is daytime can help reduce the amount of fuel used. Eating smart is also another way of being efficient in energy. For instance, protein foods require a lot of vegetation and fuel to produce, while vegetable foods do not need a lot of fuel to produce. Most protein foods are actually transported miles and miles away before they reach the desired market. It is thus quite appropriate to say that vegetarians contribute less to global warming than other people who eat proteins. Cutting down trees reduces the amount of carbon sink in the atmosphere. People should stop cutting down trees because timber harvesting does not help in reducing the amount of carbon dioxide produced in the atmosphere. There must be improved agricultural practices that also include recycling processes. Buying used goods can also help to reduce green house gas emission. It is also important to unplug electric equipment from the mains. This is because most of these equipment use a lot more energy when off than when they are on (Staden 2010). It is also in order for people to purchase more energy efficient gadgets. This will reduce the amount of electricity being used and subsequently reduce the amount of fossil fuel in use. A good example is the use of fluorescent lamps instead of the conventional incandescent bulbs. It is also important to explore other alternative sources of fuel. These alternatives must be environmentally friendly (Solomon & Luzardis 2009). They must also be capable of being reused. Biofuels, solar, wing and geothermal energy can be good alternatives of sources of energy (Scientific American 2011). Case studies of the use of clean energy A case study of the Dyfi community renewable energy project indicates that the project began in the year 1998. This project is in the United Kingdom and is involved with the use of solar energy to produce electricity. It is funded by the European commission, the Welsh development agency and the Shell Better Britain campaign. Local private sectors have also invested in the project that aims at using renewable energy sources for sustainable economic growth. The project also aims at reaching to all the 12,000 residents in the community. It also aims at encouraging people to engage in issues concerning energy, improve the understanding and support of renewable energy sources. This initiative is a good example of a small scale project that can actually decrease the amount of green house gases being emitted in the atmosphere (Guardian.co.uk 2011). Another case study is that of the Exelon –Conergy solar energy center in Fairless Hills. It is actually becoming one of the largest projects in the East of Arizona. It is being supported by the state government and private sectors. This project aims at using the solar energy to produce clean power. The electricity produced by this project is sufficient to provide all the necessary energy services in a medium scale. It is also a perfect example of a project that contributes largely in the production of clean energy that does not cause global warming (Conergy 2011). Recommendations and conclusions Climate change is a long term phenomenon in which there is a significant change in the weather patterns. This happens over long periods that range from decades to centuries and even millions of years. Climate change is caused by the emission of greenhouse gases. Solutions to climate change require rigorous efforts from the governments, industries and the general public. Finding an alternative to fossil fuels remains the main solution to climate change. Also, governments need to reaffirm their efforts in stopping global warming before it gets out of hand. It is also important to explore other alternative sources of fuel. These alternatives must be environmentally friendly in order to reduce the amount of green house gas emissions. The other solution to global warming is by residents moving closer to work. This will reduce the transportation distance and hence reduce the amount of pollution in the atmosphere. Cutting down trees reduces the amount of carbon sink in the atmosphere. People should stop cutting down trees because timber harvesting does not help in reducing the amount of carbon dioxide produced in the atmosphere. There must be improved agricultural practices that also include recycling processes. Buying used goods can also help to reduce green house gas emission. There are many projects in various parts of the world that aim at reaching to all the 12,000 residents in the community. These projects also aim at encouraging people to engage in issues concerning energy, improve the understanding and support of renewable energy sources. The initiatives of these projects are good examples of small scale projects that can actually decrease the amount of green house gases being emitted in the atmosphere. Australian Government, Attorney-General’s Department (2011). Emergency Management: Heat Waves-Get the Facts. Web. Bates, A. (2010). The Biochar Solution: Carbon Farming and Climate Change. New Society Publishers, Vancouver. Bulkeley, H. & Betsill, M. (2005). Cities and Climate Change: Urban Sustainability and Global Environmental Government. Routledge, NY. Conergy (2011). Case studies: Utility. Web. Dauncey, G. & Mazza, P. (2001). Atormy Weather: 101 Solutions to Global Climate Change. New Society Publishers, Vancouver. Dincer et al. (2010). Global Warming Engineering Solutions. Springer-Verlag, NY. Global ecology. (2011). Global Currents and Terrestrial Biomes Map. Web. Goldstein, N. (2006). Drought and Heat Waves: A Practical Survival Guide. Rosen Publishing Group, New York. Guardian. (2011). Case Study-Dfyi Community Renewable Energy Project. Web. Hardy, J. (2003). Climate Change: Causes, Effects, and Solutions. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, West Sussex. Houghton, J. (2004). Global Warming: The Complete Briefing. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Jones, L. (1997). Global Warming: The Science and the Politics. The Fraser Institute, Vancouver. Jones et al. (2011). Climate Change Action. Web. Kleinberg, E. (2002). Heat Waves: A Social Autopsy of Disaster in Chicago. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. Lomborg, B. (2010). Smart Solutions to Climate Change: Comparing Costs and Benefits. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Maczuklak, A. (2010). Renewable Energy: Sources and Methods. Infobase Publishing, New York. Maslin, M. (2002). Global Warming: Causes Effects and the Future. MBI Publishing, St. Paul. Moore, T. (1995). Global Warming: A Boom to Humans and Other Animals. Leland Stanford Junior University, Menlo Park. Oxlade, C. (2003). Global Warming. Capstone Press, Mankato. Pew Center on Global Climate Change (2001). Climate Change: Science, Strategies, & Solutions. Pew Center on Global Climate Change, Arlington. Ryker, L. & Hall, A. (2007). Off the Grid Homes: Case Studies for Sustainable Living. Gibbs Smith Publisher, Utah. Schneider, S. (1989). Global Warming: Are We Entering the Greenhouse Century? Lutterworth Press, Suffolk. Scientific American. (2011). 10 Solutions for Climate Change. Web. Serrano, G. (2009). The Problem of Climate Change Needs Political Solution. Web. Smccauley (2011). Climate Interactive. Web. Solomon, B. & Luzardis, V. (2009). Renewable Energy from Forest Resources in the United States. Routledge, New York. Soyez, K. & Grassl, H. (2008). Climate Change and Technological Options. Springer-Verlag, NY. Staden, M. (2010). Local Governments and Climate Change: Sustainable Energy Planning and Implementation in Small and Medium Sized Communities. Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg, London. The United Kingdom Environmental Change Network (2011). Climate Change. Web. World Bank (2007). Convenient Solutions to an Inconvenient Truth: Ecosystem- Based Approaches to Climate Change. The World Bank, Washington, DC.	0.7046	FineWeb	1. Climate Change 2. Global Warming 3. Solutions to Climate Change
DAILY BRUSHING AND flossing are essential to keep a growing child’s smile healthy, but we already know that. We hopefully also know how important it is to set regular dental appointments. Cutting back on sugar intake and limiting it to mealtimes instead of little snacks throughout the day is another important way to reduce the risk of tooth decay. These aren’t the only things that go into a healthy smile, however. Certain vitamins and minerals help build and protect them. Important Vitamins for Oral Health Saliva is the first line of defense our teeth and gum have against tooth decay and gum disease, and vitamin A keeps the saliva flowing. We can get it from foods like melon, sweet potatoes, beef liver, and spinach. One powerful antioxidant that helps our bodies fight inflammation and heal is vitamin C. Not getting enough can mean gums that are more prone to bleeding and looser teeth, including for kids. Citrus fruits are great sources of vitamin C, but they’re also acidic, so it’s a good idea to rinse with some water after eating an orange! Vitamin D is what ensures that we can make good use of the other vitamins and minerals we consume. Vitamin D signals our intestines to absorb them into the bloodstream. Getting enough of it will lead to stronger, denser bones, and we can get it in our diet by eating fish, eggs, and dairy products. Vitamins B2, B3, and B12 are important for oral health too. They all reduce the risk of oral canker sores, and B3 also helps us convert our food into energy. Good sources of B3 are fish and chicken, there’s plenty of B12 in pasta, bagels, almonds, and spinach, and B2 sources include red meat, chicken, fish, liver, and dairy products. The Minerals Our Teeth Are Made Of It’s common knowledge that calcium builds strong teeth and bones and that we can get plenty of calcium from dairy products, but magnesium, zinc, and iron are also important minerals for our oral health. Magnesium helps the body to absorb calcium, and we can get it from leafy greens, beans, nuts, seeds, and whole grains. Iron helps to maintain the oxygen levels in our cells. Having an iron deficiency results in problems like increased risk of infections, mouth sores, inflammation of the tongue, and more buildup of oral bacteria. We can get iron from red meat and liver. Finally, zinc makes it harder for plaque to build up along the gum line, making it easier to fight oral bacteria. Foods like wheat, cereal, cheese, wild rice, and beef contain zinc. Cheese is particularly good because it also contains casein, which helps keep our tooth enamel strong. What about calcium sources for those who can’t eat dairy products? Building and Keeping Lifelong Healthy Smiles If your child hasn’t been getting each of these nutrients for building a strong, healthy smile, we recommend incorporating more of the foods we mentioned into their diets. Sometimes allergies or food intolerances can make this tricky, so the pediatrician may be able to recommend multivitamins and supplements. Whatever your situation, don’t forget the brushing and flossing!	0.913	FineWeb	1. Important Vitamins for Oral Health 2. The Minerals Our Teeth Are Made Of 3. Building and Keeping Lifelong Healthy Smiles
The solitaire diamond has a timeless allure. With its singular brilliance and simplicity, it’s no wonder that it continues to captivate us. But beyond their beauty, some diamonds have achieved worldwide fame due to their size, quality, and fascinating stories. This article will take you on a journey through the histories and mysteries of the top five most famous solitaire diamonds in the world. 1. The Hope Diamond: A Legend Shrouded in Blue The Hope Diamond, a dazzling testament to nature’s wonder, is arguably the most famous diamond in the world. This 45.52-carat gem is distinctive for its rare blue colour, caused by trace amounts of boron atoms. The diamond’s history is steeped in legend, with tales of a curse that brings misfortune to its owners. This has only amplified its allure and intrigue. The Hope Diamond currently resides in the Smithsonian Institution, serving as a gleaming reminder of our enduring fascination with gemstones. 2. Kohmu-i-Noor: The Mountain of Light The Koh-i-Noor, or “Mountain of Light” in Persian, has a history as rich and complex as its cut. Once considered the largest known diamond in the world, this 105.6-carat diamond has been passed among various Indian, Persian, and British rulers. Each fought fiercely to claim this gem, adding to its mystique. Today, it sits among the British Crown Jewels, set into Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother’s crown. This diamond’s historical journey only enhances its beauty, making it a true treasure. 3. The Cullinan Diamond: A Gem Among Gems The discovery of the Cullinan Diamond in 1905 caused a sensation. This diamond, the largest gem-quality rough diamond ever found, originally weighed a staggering 3,106.75 carats. The diamond was eventually divided into nine major stones and 96 smaller stones. The largest cut gem, known as Cullinan I or the “Great Star of Africa,” is the largest clear-cut diamond globally. This diamond, now part of the British Crown Jewels, continues to captivate us with its unmatched size and splendor. 4. The Centenary Diamond: A Paragon of Perfection Unearthed in the Premier Mine in South Africa, the Centenary Diamond is one of the world’s largest and most flawless diamonds. This diamond, weighing 273.85 carats, is distinctive for its impeccable quality. The Centenary Diamond is a D-color diamond, the highest grade for colourless diamonds, and is both internally and externally flawless. This diamond has not been seen publicly since 1991, adding a layer of mystery to its story. 5. The Regent Diamond: The Pinnacle of Clarity Discovered in India in 1698, the Regent Diamond is revered for its perfect cut and unparalleled clarity. This diamond, weighing 140.64 carats, has been owned by numerous historical figures, including Louis XIV, Napoleon Bonaparte, and King Louis XVIII. Today, it shines in the Louvre Museum, enhancing the splendour of Louis XV’s crown. Understanding the Value of Solitaire Diamonds Solitaire diamonds, by definition, feature a single diamond, and their appeal lies in this simplicity. This design choice places the focus squarely on the diamond, allowing its natural beauty to shine unimpeded. The quality of a solitaire diamond is of paramount importance, as there are no other stones in the setting to distract from any potential flaws. Read more – Wholesale Custom Jewelry There are several factors to consider when assessing the quality of a solitaire diamond, known as the Four Cs: Carat, Cut, Color, and Clarity. The carat refers to the weight of the diamond, while the cut determines how well the diamond interacts with light, influencing its sparkle. The colour rating assesses how colourless a diamond is, with a D rating being the highest. Finally, the clarity grade evaluates the presence of internal or external flaws, known as inclusions and blemishes, respectively. The Cultural Significance of Solitaire Diamonds The enduring allure of solitaire diamonds extends beyond their physical attributes. Over centuries, diamonds have been imbued with deep cultural and symbolic significance. For many, they symbolize eternal love and commitment, making them the gemstone of choice for engagement rings and wedding jewellery. Furthermore, the rarity and value of diamonds have led to their association with royalty and status, as evidenced by their prominence in the Crown Jewels of various nations. The stories of the Hope, Koh-i-Noor, Cullinan, Centenary, and Regent diamonds are a testament to this, each having been owned or worn by royalty and notable historical figures. From the Hope Diamond’s captivating blue hue to the Regent Diamond’s exceptional clarity, these famous solitaire diamonds are a testament to the enduring allure of these precious gems. They encapsulate the mystery, romance, and sheer brilliance that diamonds have come to symbolize over centuries. As each solitaire diamond carries its unique tale, it’s essential to remember that when you choose a solitaire diamond, you are not just selecting a gemstone, but also becoming a part of its ongoing story.	0.9742	FineWeb	1. Famous Solitaire Diamonds 2. Quality of Solitaire Diamonds 3. Cultural Significance of Solitaire Diamonds
Dear BMW enthusiast, We have all parts listed from 1935 models onward in our electronic catalogue. However, not all parts of pre 1970 models can be found using the image based search. We therefore ask you to kindly search for the part numbers of pre 1970 models in the relevant original BMW parts catalogue in book form for these models. You can then place your order directly in the shopping cart.	0.8512	FineWeb	1. BMW parts catalogue 2. Searching for parts 3. Ordering process
KidzMondo Doha is an international edutainment concept designed to provide a complete solution for children in a unique indoor theme park. This kids’ city is created to impart knowledge through playful learning. Children will experience age-appropriate activities in a dynamic and safe surroundings. It is an interactive and educational environment where kids simulate a profession, wear their respective uniforms and perform the role of a doctor, pilot and others. Shop at KidzMondo using the Mall of Qatar Gift Card and enjoy the following discount:	0.868	FineWeb	1. KidzMondo Doha Description 2. Edutainment Concept 3. Interactive Environment
Symmetry Center: Practice symmetry skills with this fun and engaging math center. Students love recreating flowers along the line of symmetry. Pattern Block Flowers is my new math pack that works on line of symmetry based on real flowers. It comes with 16 cards, each with a different flower that needs to be completed along the line of symmetry. Here is how I have been using these cards in my class for the past few years: This pack includes two work mats, one in color and one in black and white for students to use with the cards. There is also a worksheet for students to create their own flower if they are interested. Students will pick a flower task card and use pattern blocks to recreate the image along the line of symmetry. This can be challenging at first for kindergarten students, but once they understand how it works- they love the challenge of it! real flowers Symmetry Center All of the flower task cards are based on real flowers, and look similar to them. You can look up pictures of the real flower to show what they look like. more symmetry centers Want to make planning your symmetry unit easy? Take a look at these other blog posts with symmetry center ideas: - Teach Symmetry in Kindergarten - Invitation to Explore- Line of Symmetry - Practicing Symmetry in Kindergarten - Kindergarten Line of Symmetry My Ultimate Guide to Kindergarten Centers shows you how I use these activities in my classroom. I am excited to use Pattern Block Flowers as a math center and to help with assessment in our kindergarten class. Subscribe to my newsletter to get weekly ideas for your classroom:	0.6767	FineWeb	1. Symmetry Center 2. Pattern Block Flowers 3. Math Centers
This study was designed to examine the interaction of neonatal ethanol and cocaine exposure on isolation induced ultrasonic vocalizations using an oral gavage method of drug administration. There were 5 neonatal treatment groups including 3.0 g/kg ethanol, 20 mg/kg cocaine, both 3.0 g/kg ethanol and 20 mg/kg cocaine, an intubated control and a nonintubated control. Drug was administered twice daily from postnatal days (PND) 4-10. On PND 14, subjects were tested for a 6 min test to assess the rate and type of ultrasonic vocalizations displayed. As previously reported using an intragastric "artificial rearing" administration procedure, pups exposed to ethanol displayed reductions in the number of ultrasonic vocalizations across the test session. Pups exposed to both drugs showed similar deficits to those pups receiving ethanol alone. In contrast, cocaine had no effect on this outcome measure. Sonographic analysis of the vocalizations revealed that ethanol's effects appeared to be selective to certain waveforms rather than a general reduction across all wave types and again, cocaine had no impact on the proportion of the various wave types. These findings provide further support that neonatal ethanol exposure can have significant effects on maternal/infant communication and may play a role in many of the long-term effects associated with ethanol exposure during development. \|Number of pages\|\|10\| \|State\|\|Published - Jan 2005\| Bibliographical noteFunding Information: This work was supported in part by NIAAA grant # 09723 awarded to SB. The authors would also like to thank Josh Yahr, Autra Pointer and Bryan Baseheart for their assistance with data collection and Dr. Tomonari Akamatsu for his expertise in acoustical analysis. - 3rd trimester ethanol exposure - Fetal Alcohol Syndrome - Social behaviors ASJC Scopus subject areas - Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics	0.5705	FineWeb	1. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome 2. Social behaviors 3. Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
In this episode, we'll be talking to Barbra Gago, Founder and CEO at Pando, who has spent her career as a CMO building and scaling companies from pre-series A to scale-up mode. She brought companies like Culture Amp and Greenhouse to market, and prior to founding Pando, she was the CMO at Miro, leading the re-brand from RealtimeBoard to Miro and scaling the business from $3m to $50m in ARR in just under 2 years. We'll be discussing her experiences building teams across a wide variety of contexts and uncovering what it takes to create successful GTM motions and new categories for some of the world's best products. - Differences in approach when hiring a founding team versus scaling an existing team - The importance of finding the right balance between specialists and generalists - The crossover between marketing and recruiting, and the importance of brand, structure, funnel, data, and pipelines - The use of the "employee LTV" metric to think about compensation and retention - The essential marketing roles for building a high-functioning organization and managing marketing people to outcomes - Hiring for product-led growth (PLG) and the importance of data-focused and experimentation mindsets - The differences between marketing and recruiting tools, and the misconceptions people often have about recruiting - Experimenting with different categories to increase the value of the "people team" and making recruiting a more valuable function within organizations.	0.7727	FineWeb	1. Building and scaling teams 2. Marketing and recruiting strategies 3. Creating successful GTM motions
Written by Mark Connelly In 1926 the British government launched a new initiative to stimulate the economy of the empire and encourage a sense of solidarity in the Britannic world. Although short-lived (it was wound-up in 1933), the Empire Marketing Board was a remarkable instrument of propaganda and persuasion. Designed to shape public opinion, the EMB drew upon the lessons the First World War had taught on the art of mass communication. Chief among the EMB’s tools was the poster. Commissioning leading commercial artists, the EMB produced a truly remarkable range of posters. Visually arresting, some boldly modernist, others more traditional, all were eye-catching and demanded attention. Among the output were many referring to Africa and Africans. Studying those posters, their visual and written messages, reveals much about British perceptions of Africa and race. As posters designed primarily for display in Britain, they reflected ‘a white gaze’ and white views of the world. As instruments of those in power, the posters reflected the official view that the Empire was a family, but like all families, it had seniors and juniors, and thus emphasised rank and hierarchy. Within this worldview, Africans were part of the family, but their position was one of dependence upon the white rulers. The visual tropes then implied a happy relationship of trust, confidence and assurance between the two. Economic prosperity, and with it happiness, for all was guaranteed by this relationship, or so the EMB proclaimed. Of course, the realities on the ground were a long way from such cosy visions.	0.8336	FineWeb	* Empire Marketing Board * British Perceptions of Africa * Propaganda and Poster Art
Marvel at the sight of Japanese craftsmanship and machinery. Venture into the industry of cars, textiles, food replicas, ceramics, or explore the ‘sweetest' factory in Japan! Get down to the nitty-gritty of how cars are made; learn about the involved technology, machinery, and history. Do you fancy the food replicas displayed at restaurants? Wonder no more and find out how such realistic replicas are made and create one with your kids! Gain insider knowledge of how bone ceramics are moulded and get to paint one to commemorate the experience. If you have a sweet tooth, explore the halls of Hokkaido's famously delicious omiyage and make your own Shiroi Koibito cookies! Whatever your family's cup of tea is, a whole lot of fun and learning is on the other side of Japan's industries. - Learn how Beautiful Ceramics are Made at Noritake Ceramics Industry - Learn about Agriculture at Yanmar Museum - Playgrounds for grown-ups and kids Recommended How-to-make-a ….. Tours！ Find out why Japan is known for its intricate and meticulous craftsmanship worldwide. Meet master craftsmen who dedicate their whole lives to perfect their craft and learn from them firsthand. Get your kids busy through a screen-printing workshop where they can craft on tote bags and Japanese traditional towels, popularly known as tenugui, using traditional patterns. Be enchanted by Nagasaki's gorgeous glassworks called vidro and watch how artisans craft it through glassblowing. Pique your curiosity in the different shapes and sizes of Japanese traditional parquetry. These experiences will surely bring out your artistic self and inspire kids' creativity.	0.9075	FineWeb	1. Japanese Craftsmanship 2. Industry Tours 3. Artisanal Workshops
InSight/SEIS probes further into the heart of Mars A look back at this scientific result, released one year after the landing of the InSight probe on Mars, and the start of recordings by SEIS, the French seismometer that measures the activity of the Martian soil. In a series of 6 papers published on Monday 24 February 2020 in Nature Geoscience and Nature Communication, the science team of NASA’s InSight mission begins to unravel the mysteries of Mars. The extensive geophysical data collected during the first six months of the mission shed light on the structure of the first few kilometres of the Martian subsurface and provide a new understanding of atmospheric phenomena on the planet’s surface. Researchers at the Paris Institute of Earth Physics are particularly interested in the seismicity of Mars and the first Martian seismo-tectonic analyses, the internal crustal structures imaged by these first data, and the interaction of the Martian atmosphere with the subsurface of Mars. By scrutinizing the records of the SEIS seismometer, deployed on the Martian surface since December 2018, seismologists, including IPGP researchers, have indeed identified nearly 460 seismic events in mid-February. 40 of these are low-frequency signals, corresponding to relatively deep earthquakes, while the vast majority are high-frequency events, much more superficial and nearby, the origin of which is still unclear: small surface earthquakes, landslides and cliff microbursts are candidate sources. Seismic waves from earthquakes, sensitive to the materials they pass through, offer planetary scientists a means of studying the composition of the planet’s internal structure. By combining them with other sources of vibrations (from the lander and its instruments or from the dust devils that criss-cross the Elysium plain), researchers from the Mars Structure Service, coordinated by the IPGP and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, have been able to differentiate 3 distinct layers in the subsurface: the duricrust, an indurated layer of a few centimetres; the regolith, a superficial stratum formed of materials crushed by countless impacts over billions of years, and finally a layer of about ten kilometres altered by several billion years. Underneath these ten kilometres is a consolidated deep crust, where the observed scattering and attenuation of seismic waves resembles that observed in Earth’s crystalline massifs. While the Martian crust is beginning to reveal its secrets, the seismic events detected so far do not yet allow us to illuminate the interior of Mars, and to ‘illuminate’ the mantle and core. However, the first results provided by the SEIS seismometer during its first year of operations on Mars are very encouraging, and Martian seismology is already stimulating new lines of research, ultimately leading to a better understanding of the formation of all rocky planets, including the Earth and its Moon. Lognonné, P., W. B. Banerdt, W. T. Pike, D. Giardini, U. Christensen, R. F. Garcia, T. Kawamura, et al. « Constraints on the Shallow Elastic and Anelastic Structure of Mars from InSight Seismic Data ». Nature Geoscience 13, no 3 (mars 2020): 213‑20. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-020-0536-y The LabEx UnivEarthS contributed to this research by funding the ex-Interface project “Fundamental physics and Geophysics in space” (I3) This text is partly taken and translated from the press release published by IPGP when the articles were published. For the full press release, go here. - 4.5 billions years ago, the Earth’s early atmosphere was similar to present Venus [1/10] - Observing supernovae: neutrino detectors to the rescue [2/10] - At the origins of the Solar System, millimetre-sized crystals at the heart of certain meteorites [3/10] - Kinetic Inductance Detectors, a promising technology for precision astronomy [4/10] - Light-speed seismology to prevent earthquakes [5/10] - ATHENA, a technical challenge for the new generation of X-ray telescope [6/10] - Dune fields, a key to understanding the climate of other “Earths” in the Solar System [7/10] - SVOM/ECLAIRs space instrument will pave the way to a deeper understanding of ultra-long gamma-ray bursts [8/10] - InSight/SEIS probes further into the heart of Mars [9/10] - The search for dark matter compatible with the search for supernovae [10/10]	0.9374	FineWeb	* Mars Seismic Activity * Martian Subsurface Structure * Planetary Science Research
Collection: 22 In 9 Notes Handpan is the term commonly used for a new generation of musical instruments, belonging to the family of steel pans and meaning steel pan played by hand. - 9 Note Design - 1 center note(D3) and 9 tone fields - Tone: Fundamental + Octave Overtone + Fifth Overtone - The upper part has 9 sounds, the center point is the basic sound, and the remaining 8 sounds are distributed around. - The bottom center has a hole for the bass "GU" which can be used for tuning.	0.8913	FineWeb	* Handpan Design * Tone and Sound * Instrument Features
Building Community While at Home #10 – Why We Teach Drawing “Drawing is like making a gesture with the advantage of permanence.” — Henri Matisse By Rallou M. Hamshaw As a visual arts teacher in the Upper School, I have had plenty of time to consider the pedagogical and artistic value of teaching drawing to our students. Their exposure to this engaging discipline begins as early as pre-school, continues in various creative forms throughout their lower school years, and is energetically pursued in the upper school. Drawing first, painting next. While artists decide how they wish to approach their work, learning how to draw surely enhances an artist’s ability to paint. Composing a page, mastering media, cultivating elegant or bold line, and building volume all compose the art of drawing. Gesture, mood, and style reflect an artist’s unique perspective, touch, and vision. Students at Rudolf Steiner School are familiar with drawing as an art form in many of their classes, from careful, descriptive work in their main lesson books, to form drawing and perspective drawing, to vivid black and white projects in their eighth and ninth grade art blocks. It is indeed fortunate that the study of all the arts, both visual and performing, is mandatory for our students and an expectation that repeats itself throughout the run of their education at Steiner. Through the exposure and practice of the arts, each individual student is offered the rare opportunity for creative self-development. To combat the feeling of isolation or restlessness one might be experiencing during this time of self-distancing at home, anyone can consider taking up the activity of drawing.	0.5476	FineWeb	1. Teaching Drawing 2. Artistic Value 3. Creative Self-Development
Colorectal Cancer: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis & Treatments Colorectal cancer starts in the colon or rectum in one's digestive system. Depending on the start location, it can be called colon or rectal cancer. Since both types share common features, these two types are often grouped. The colon and rectum make up parts of the large intestine, constituting the digestive system, also known as the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Most of the large intestine comprises the colon. Depending on the direction of food travel, it is named an ascending, transverse, descending, or sigmoid colon. After absorption of the essential nutrients, the waste material goes into a structure known as the rectum. It is a muscular organ that stores the waste until it is passed through the anus. Categories of Colorectal Cancer Most colorectal cancers start as a growth in the inner lining of either the colon or rectum, known as polyps. The different kinds of polyps are as follows. - Adenomatous polyps (adenomas). - Hyperplastic polyps and inflammatory polyps. - Sessile serrated polyps (SSP) and traditional serrated adenomas (TSA). Colorectal cancers that are most common are Adenocarcinomas. This cancer starts in the cells that make the mucus in the colon and rectum. When the doctor talks of colorectal cancer, it is almost always an adenocarcinoma. Adenocarcinoma-specific subtypes, such as signet ring and mucinous, have a more serious prognosis than the other subtypes. Some of the other tumors that may also occur in the colon and rectum are as follows. - Carcinoid tumors. - Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). Colorectal cancer risk factors Cancer is due to specific mutations in one's gene, inherited in the case of colorectal polyps. These are known as inherited mutations. Some of the more general causes of colorectal cancer are as follows. - Having a sedentary lifestyle. - BMI more than 25. - Being male is associated with an increased risk. - Older than 60 years. - If one had breast cancer before. - Consuming fatty food with significantly less fiber content. - Having inflammatory bowel disease or Crohn's disease. - Familial adenomatous polyposis is an inherited condition. Symptoms of Colorectal Cancer The most prominent symptoms are as follows: - A change in how one passes stool, such as constipation or diarrhea, lasting more than a few days. - Bright red blood passed through the rectum. - Stool with blood making it dark brown or black. - Abdominal pain. - Fatigue and feeling tired. - Sudden weight loss. How is colorectal cancer diagnosed? Some of the prevalent diagnostic tools used to detect colorectal cancer are as follows. - Blood in stool test: fecal occult blood test (FOBT) or fecal immunochemical test (FIT). - CBC (Complete Blood Count). - Liver Enzymes. - Tumor markers. - Diagnostic colonoscopy. - CT scan. - PET scan. - Endorectal MRI. - Chest X-Ray (to know if the tumor has spread to the lungs). What are the complications associated with Colorectal Cancer? Some of the complications of the colon that can be associated with colon cancer include the following. - Abscess formation. - Acute appendicitis. - Ischemic colitis. - Colorectal cancer can spread to distant organs in the body, which makes it highly life-threatening. - This cancer causes specific lesions in the defecation organs, which can block stool removal. - There is a high chance that the tumors may return even after treatment. - It is highly fatal if left untreated at the right time. How to treat Colorectal Cancer? The different treatment methods used to cure colorectal cancer are as follows. - Colorectal Cancer Surgery. - Targeted therapy. These techniques are used according to the current stage at which the patient is. Stage 0 colon/rectal cancer: Stage I colon/rectal cancer: tage II colon/rectal cancer: Stage III colon/rectal cancer: Stage IV colon cancer: Polyp removal (polypectomy) cuts out the growth of polyps in the colon and rectum. Surgery to remove the tumorous parts in the colon. Colorectal cancer surgery is to remove the tumors. In some instances, doctors may recommend chemotherapy or radiation therapy. Treatment includes colorectal cancer surgery to remove the tumor and chemotherapy to prevent additional tumor formation. In the case of rectal cancer, radiation therapy is used along with chemotherapy either before or after the surgery. Surgery is generally not possible at this stage. But, if the extent of the tumor's metastasis is not vast, surgery can be recommended with the doctor's decision. What can be done to prevent Colorectal Cancer? There is no particular way to prevent the occurrence of colorectal cancer. But, one can make certain lifestyle changes to reduce the risk. - Avoid gaining weight and maintain a healthy weight. - Increase daily, regular exercise levels. - Eat more fresh foods and reduce the intake of red meat and processed foods. - Consume less alcohol. - Quit smoking. - Screen for polyps regularly, especially if there is a family history. How do people live with Colorectal Cancer? India has a lower occurrence of colorectal cancer compared to western countries. It appears to be the 7th leading type of cancer in India. According to Globocon, 2018, the number of new cases is 277,605, among which deaths are 19,548. The total number of patients living with this disease is 53,700. The mean age at which one may be diagnosed with this cancer is 40 to 45 years. If there is a family history of polyps in the colon or rectum, one may need to monitor their health regularly through periodic colorectal cancer screening. If one plans a pregnancy, there is genetic screening to determine if one may pass the genes to their baby. Colorectal cancer will not severely threaten a person's health if treated at the right stage. A group of specialists, such as gastroenterologists, surgical oncologists, colorectal surgeons, radiation oncologists, and medical oncologists, diagnose and treat cases of colorectal cancer. Book an appointment with some of the best oncologists in Hyderabad at Gleneagles Global Hospital, Lakdi-ka-pul To Enquire Now, Call at (040)-2349-1000.	0.8271	FineWeb	1. Colorectal Cancer Overview 2. Symptoms and Diagnosis 3. Treatment and Prevention
From Couch to Finish Line: A Marathon Training Guide Running a marathon is a major accomplishment that requires a lot of preparation, training, and dedication. The marathon distance is 26.2 miles or 42.195 kilometers, and it is a long-distance race that challenges your physical and mental endurance. Here is a step-by-step guide on how to run a marathon: 1. Consult a doctor: Before you begin any training program, it’s important to consult your doctor to ensure that you are physically fit to run a marathon. 2. Get proper running shoes: Investing in a good pair of running shoes is essential. The right shoes can help prevent injuries and provide the necessary support for your feet and legs. 3. Start training: Training for a marathon takes several months, so it’s important to start early. You should gradually increase your mileage each week and incorporate cross-training and rest days into your schedule. 4. Follow a training plan: There are many different training plans available online, in books, or through a running coach. Choose one that fits your schedule and fitness level. 5. Fuel your body: Eating a balanced diet and staying hydrated is crucial for marathon training. Make sure to eat plenty of carbohydrates, protein, and healthy fats, and drink plenty of water. 6. Practice good form: Proper running form can help prevent injuries and improve your efficiency. Keep your shoulders relaxed, your arms at a 90-degree angle, and your feet landing under your hips. 7. Learn about pacing: Pacing yourself is important during a marathon. Start off slower than your goal pace to conserve energy and avoid hitting the wall later in the race. 8. Mental preparation: Running a marathon is as much a mental challenge as it is a physical one. Visualize yourself crossing the finish line and use positive self-talk to stay motivated during the race. 9. Race day: On the day of the marathon, make sure to arrive early, warm-up properly, and start the race at your goal pace. Fuel your body with energy gels or other snacks during the race and stay hydrated. 10. Post-race recovery: After the marathon, take time to recover properly. Stretch, hydrate, and rest for a few days before returning to running. In conclusion, running a marathon is an incredible achievement that requires preparation, training, and dedication. With the right mindset and a solid training plan, anyone can successfully complete a marathon. From blisters to bonking: Running a marathon ain’t easy Running a marathon is a significant physical and mental challenge. Here are some common and uncommon issues that runners may face during a marathon and solutions, tips, and advice to overcome them: 1. Blisters: Blisters can be caused by ill-fitting shoes or socks. To prevent blisters, make sure you have properly fitted shoes and moisture-wicking socks. If you develop a blister during the race, try to keep it clean and dry. Cover it with a blister bandage to reduce friction and prevent further damage. 2. Cramps: Cramps can occur due to dehydration, lack of electrolytes, or overexertion. To prevent cramps, make sure you are properly hydrated and replenish electrolytes during the race. Stretching and massaging the affected muscle can also help. 3. Chafing: Chafing can be caused by friction from clothing or skin rubbing against other skin. To prevent chafing, wear moisture-wicking clothing and use anti-chafing products. If you develop chafing during the race, try to keep the area clean and dry. Apply petroleum jelly or anti-chafing cream to the affected area. 4. Injury: Running long distances can put a lot of stress on your body, increasing the risk of injury. To prevent injury, make sure you have a proper training regimen and listen to your body. If you feel pain or discomfort during the race, slow down or stop to prevent further injury. 5. Bonking: Bonking is a term used to describe a sudden loss of energy during a race. To prevent bonking, make sure you are properly fuelled before and during the race. Eat a balanced diet and consume carbohydrates during the race to maintain your energy levels. 6. Mental fatigue: Running a marathon can be mentally exhausting. To overcome mental fatigue, break the race into smaller segments and focus on one segment at a time. Visualize yourself crossing the finish line and use positive self-talk to keep yourself motivated. 7. weather conditions: weather conditions can affect your performance during a race. To prepare for different weather conditions, dress in layers and stay hydrated. If it is hot, slow down your pace and take frequent breaks. If it is cold, wear warm clothing and cover your extremities. Overall, running a marathon requires proper preparation and training. Listen to your body and take care of yourself before, during, and after the race. With the right mindset and preparation, you can overcome any challenges that come your way during the race. Conquer the Ultimate Challenge: Mastering the Marathon For advanced runners who have already mastered the marathon distance, there are several other challenging projects that they can take on. Here are some ideas and advice on how to approach them: 1. Ultramarathons: These are races that are longer than the traditional marathon distance of 26.2 miles. Ultramarathons come in many different distances, ranging from 50K to 100 miles or more. To prepare for an ultramarathon, it is important to gradually increase your mileage and practice running on different types of terrain, such as trails or mountains. You may also want to experiment with different fueling strategies, as ultramarathons can take many hours to complete. 2. Triathlons: Triathlons involve swimming, biking, and running, and come in different distances, from sprint to Ironman. To train for a triathlon, you will need to incorporate swimming and biking into your routine, in addition to running. It is also important to practice transitions between the different disciplines, as this can save valuable time during the race. 3. Trail running: Trail running involves running on unpaved paths, often in mountainous or wilderness areas. Trail running requires different skills than road running, such as navigating uneven terrain and dealing with elevation changes. To prepare for trail running, it is important to practice on different types of trails and to invest in trail running shoes with good grip. 4. Speed work: If you are looking to improve your marathon time, incorporating speed work into your training can be a great way to do so. Speed work involves running shorter distances at a faster pace, which can help you build endurance and increase your overall speed. To incorporate speed work into your training, you can try doing intervals or tempo runs. No matter which project you decide to take on, it is important to approach it with a gradual and consistent training plan. Pushing yourself too hard or too fast can lead to injury or burnout. Listen to your body, and give yourself time to rest and recover between workouts. And above all, have fun and enjoy the journey! Tags: Community, endurance, fitness, goalsetting, hydration, injuryprevention, longdistance, marathon, MentalToughness, Motivation, nutrition, pace, race, Recovery, rest, running, shoes, stretching, Success, trainingTweet	0.9656	FineWeb	* Marathon Training * Common Running Issues * Advanced Running Challenges
What would be the most likely reason for a post-scarcity civilization to preserve humanity from extinction and move it to different planet, along with terrestrial life that has been repopulated on the said planet? Suppose a post-scarcity interstellar civilization controls a few hundred star systems. Because they are post-scarcity, they can easily supply their bodily needs. Because lower tiers of their needs had been fulfilled, their society changes their priority to pursue knowledge, to learn more of the universe they lived in. Then they settle on many lesser civilizations' planets, secretly. One of them is Earth. Their motivation is not to invade, but to study those civilizations and watch them grow. Their external morphology is quite indistinguishable from humans' external morphology, but their anatomy and physiology is not entirely human-like (I know it's unlikely for this to happen in a species that evolved on a completely different planet, but there is an explanation for this matter in-universe, in which uncovering it on this question would be off-topic), except for skin tones, hair pigments, and ears slightly (not too pronounced like Spock's ears) pointed at their tips. This aids them to blend in human society (just put some cosmetics and they're ready to blend in) to study humans closely. One member of their second generation on Earth rebels and reproduces with a human woman in its disguise on a human city. The woman gets pregnant and gives birth to the first alien-human hybrids (with more human-like appearances, less pointy ears, and more human-like anatomy up to some degree). It turns out that the human's genome differs from theirs by less than 1% (really, they were surprised, because in-universe, their understanding of exobiology dictates that it is very unlikely for species that evolved on different planets to have a completely similar genetic make-ups, just like what we understand). This sparks a wave of curiosity about humanity, and an interest to study humans more. Their public even assigns humanity with informal tag, as their sister race. Then good things have to end eventually. As described in this question's background, another species, unaware of their existence on Earth, wages a war to take over humanity. The aliens decide to stay neutral, and let humanity fight for itself, because they believe that even if they had the will and might to overwhelm the invading aliens, the events of humans are not theirs to intervene. That human-alien hybrid stands for humanity in a trial to preserve humanity, held on the alien's home-world. As humanity is on the brink of extinction, his heart fonds on humanity as much as his fondness to the aliens. Then, (move to the question above).	0.5281	FineWeb	* Post-scarcity civilization * Alien-human hybrids * Preservation of humanity
Eyelashes are not just a cosmetic feature but actually play a crucial role in protecting our eyes from dust, debris, and other potential irritants. But do you ever wonder how many of these delicate hairs we shed on a daily basis? How many eyelashes do you lose a day? This is a normal phenomenon and though we regenerate more lashes on a daily basis, sometimes there are other factors that can prevent regrowth or cause it to become slower than normal. However, there are several ways to combat uncommon amounts of eyelash loss and keep them healthy. Is Eyelash Loss a Normal Thing? Although we might not notice, eyelash loss is entirely normal. In fact, it’s a natural part of the eyelash growth cycle. Each eyelash goes through a cycle of three phases : a growth phase, a resting phase, and a shedding phase. This cycle is known as the anagen, telogen, and catagen phases, which ensures that our eyelashes remain healthy and continually renewed. It takes between 4 to 16 weeks for eyelashes to fully grow back. Also all lashes go through different phases at different times so they will not fall out simultaneously. - Anagen Phase: This is the active growth phase of the eyelash follicle as new hairs grow from eyelid follicles. It typically lasts between 1 to 3 months, but the duration can vary among individuals. The length of the eyelash is determined by the length of the anagen phase. - Catagen Phase: During this phase, the growth of the eyelash stops, and the follicle begins to shrink. This phase lasts between 2 to 3 weeks. Telogen Phase: The eyelash remains in this phase until it is naturally shed or pushed out by a new growing eyelash. The new eyelash starts to develop beneath the old one. This phase last between 4 to 9 months. What are some of the common Causes of Eyelash Loss? Although generally a normal part of the lash growth cycle, other causes of eyelash loss can also be influenced by various external factors . - Natural Shedding: Eyelashes have a growth cycle, which makes it entirely natural to lose a few eyelashes each day. - Aging: As we age, the rate of eyelash growth tends to slow down, and the lashes themselves may become thinner and more fragile, leading to increased shedding. Physical Stress: Excessive rubbing of the eyes caused by allergies or using harsh makeup removers can damage eyelashes and cause them to fall out prematurely. - Underlying Medical Conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as alopecia areata (an autoimmune disorder that causes hair loss), blepharitis (inflammation of the eyelid), and thyroid disorders, can result in eyelash loss. - Chemotherapy: Certain cancer treatments like chemotherapy can lead to hair loss, including eyelashes, as they target rapidly dividing cells, which includes hair follicles. - Hormones: Hormones have a significant part in hair growth throughout the body, therefore any changes such as age and pregnancy can have an affect on the shedding rate. In addition, the less estrogen you have the more thinning of the eyelash and shedding you will experience. - Infections: Bacterial or fungal infections of the eyelids can lead to inflammation and damage to the eyelash follicles, causing them to fall out. - Poor Nutrition: A lack of essential nutrients can weaken eyelashes and contribute to their loss especially before it is time to shed. - Excessive Mascara Use: Using waterproof or heavy mascara and not properly removing it can lead to clumping and breakage of lashes. - False lashes and extensions: Wearing these can cause huge amounts of eyelash loss especially when trying to remove them yourself as you can rip and damage the hair itself. - Use a Mild Eye Makeup Remover: Invest in a gentle, oil-based eye makeup remover designed to dissolve mascara and eye shadow without excessive rubbing. Avoid harsh or alcohol-based products that can strip away natural oils from your lashes and eyelids, leading to dryness and breakage. - Practice Gentle Makeup Removal Techniques: When removing eye makeup, soak a cotton pad with the makeup remover and hold it against your closed eyelid for a few seconds to allow the makeup to dissolve. Then, gently wipe away the makeup using downward strokes, avoiding excessive tugging or rubbing. Be patient and avoid pulling on your lashes. - Avoid Waterproof Mascara: While waterproof mascara can be long-lasting, it often requires more forceful rubbing to remove, which can damage lashes. It can also lead to your eyelashes becoming more dry than usual. Instead opt for regular mascara when possible, and save waterproof mascara for special occasions. - Eyelash Serums: Consider using eyelash serums or conditioners specifically formulated to enhance lash health and promote growth. These products often contain beneficial ingredients like biotin, peptides, and vitamins that strengthen and protect your lashes. Apply them as directed, typically at night before bed. - Avoid Excessive Curling and Extensions: Using an eyelash curler occasionally is fine but when it becomes excessive or forceful it can weaken and break lashes. Similarly, eyelash extensions, when applied incorrectly or too frequently, can strain natural lashes and lead to damage. If you choose to use extensions, make sure to seek a professional and allow your natural lashes to recover between applications. - Diet and Nutrition: Maintain a well-balanced diet rich in essential vitamins and minerals, such as biotin, vitamin E, and omega-3 fatty acids. These nutrients support healthy hair growth, including eyelashes. Consider incorporating foods like eggs, nuts, and fish into your diet or taking supplements if needed. - Gentle Makeup Removal: Be gentle when removing eye makeup, as harsh rubbing can weaken and break lashes. Use a mild, oil-based makeup remover, and avoid waterproof mascara when possible, as it can be more difficult to remove. - Avoid Excessive Mascara Application: Apply mascara carefully, avoiding clumping or overloading your lashes. Remove mascara at the end of the day to prevent eyelashes from drying and potentially causing breakage. - Proper Eyelash Curling: If you use an eyelash curler, do so gently and sparingly. - Eyelash Conditioning: Consider using eyelash serums or conditioners with lash-strengthening ingredients like biotin and peptides as these products can help maintain eyelash health and promote growth. - Avoid or limit allergens: If you have sensitive eyes or are prone to allergies, be cautious with eye makeup and eye care products. - Hydrate and Nourish: Maintain a balanced diet rich in vitamins and nutrients that promote hair health, including eyelashes. Proper hydration and nutrition can contribute to stronger lashes. - Avoid Rubbing or Pulling: Resist the urge to rub your eyes, as this can lead to lash loss. If your eyes are itchy or irritated, use a clean tissue or a gentle eye drop to relieve discomfort. - Professional Application: If you opt for eyelash extensions, make sure to have them applied by a trained professional. - Sudden or Excessive Loss: If you notice a sudden and significant increase in eyelash shedding, it could be a sign of an underlying problem. Losing an unusually high number of lashes in a short period is cause for concern. - Bald Patches: If you develop noticeable bald patches or gaps in your lash line, it’s a clear indicator of an issue that needs attention. - Eyelash Thinning: Gradual thinning of your eyelashes, particularly if it’s accompanied by brittleness or breakage. - Redness or Irritation: If eyelash loss is accompanied by redness, itching, swelling, or pain in the eye area, it may be a sign of an underlying eye condition or infection. - Eyelash Loss Due to Medical Treatment: If you’re undergoing chemotherapy or other medical treatments known to cause hair loss, eyelash loss is to be expected. - Persistent Loss: If eyelash loss continues for an extended period without improvement despite adopting good eyelash care practices, seeking professional advice is recommended. - Application: Eyelash enhancers are typically applied along the lash line, similar to eyeliner. It’s essential to follow the product’s instructions carefully and be consistent with the application for best results. - Safety: Most OTC eyelash enhancers are considered safe for use, but it’s crucial to choose reputable products and be aware of any potential side effects or allergies. Prescription products may have specific safety considerations. - Results and Maintenance: Eyelash growth enhancers can produce visible results in a few weeks to months. To maintain the enhanced appearance of your lashes, continued use is often necessary. - Side Effects: Possible side effects of eyelash enhancers can include eye irritation, redness, darkening of the eyelid skin, and even changes in eye color in rare cases (with prescription products). Consult with a healthcare professional if you experience any adverse reactions. - Cost: The cost of eyelash enhancers can vary widely, with prescription products typically being more expensive than OTC options. Ongoing use may require a budget commitment. What are some ways to keep your natural lashes healthy? Maintaining healthy natural lashes is important for protecting your eyes. Gently removing makeup and conditioning and caring for eyelashes are two critical ways that can lead to keeping them healthy. Adopting these practices can ensure that your natural lashes remain healthy and strong, framing your eyes beautifully while also providing vital protection against environmental elements and potential irritants. In addition, good practices are considered the key to eyelash loss treatment. 1. Gentle Eye Care and Makeup Removal To ensure the health of your natural lashes, it’s essential to be gentle when caring for your eyes and removing makeup 2. Eyelash Conditioning and Care Take steps to nourish and protect your eyelashes. How can you prevent eyelash loss? Preventing eyelash loss primarily involves adopting good eyelash care practices and avoiding factors that can contribute to lash damage. Following these measures can significantly reduce the risk of eyelash loss and maintain the health and beauty of your natural lashes. When should there be a concern about eyelash loss? Excessive eyelash loss should raise concerns and be dealt with to ensure the early detection and management of potential issues.Being aware of the amount of eyelash loss will help you determine when there is an issue. What about eyelash growth enhancers? Eyelash growth enhancers are products designed to stimulate the growth of longer, thicker, and fuller eyelashes. They have recently gained popularity as many people aspire to achieve more luscious lashes. There are considerations when looking for a good eyelash growth enhancer. Frequently asked questions Why do you lose eyelashes? Losing eyelashes is a natural and ongoing process due to the eyelash growth cycle. Each eyelash goes through three phases: the anagen (growth) phase, the catagen (rest) phase, and the telogen (shedding) phase. At any given time, various lashes are in different phases of this cycle. Eyelashes shed as part of their normal life cycle to make way for new ones. On average, humans shed one to five eyelashes per day. Factors like age, genetics, and overall health can influence the rate of shedding. For example, as we age, the growth phase shortens, leading to thinner and more fragile lashes that may shed more easily. Additionally, external factors can contribute to eyelash loss, such as harsh makeup removal, excessive rubbing, certain medical conditions (like alopecia areata or thyroid disorders), and medications (such as chemotherapy). How many eyelashes does a person lose a day? On average, a person loses approximately one to five eyelashes per day. This eyelash loss is part of the natural growth cycle known as the anagen, catagen, and telogen phases. Each individual eyelash goes through these phases, allowing for continuous renewal and replacement. During the anagen (growth) phase, new eyelashes form and grow. This phase can last several weeks to a couple of months. Following the growth phase, eyelashes enter the catagen (resting) phase, which is a transitional period that lasts a few weeks. Finally, in the telogen (shedding) phase, old eyelashes fall out to make room for new ones. This phase lasts a few months. The shedding of one to five eyelashes daily typically goes unnoticed because it occurs gradually and is a normal part of the eyelash growth cycle. Which eyelash serum is safe? The safety and effectiveness of eyelash serums can vary widely depending on the product and its ingredients. While many OTC eyelash serums are generally safe for most people, it's essential to exercise caution and consider individual factors, such as allergies and sensitivities before using any product. In addition, using products such as VolumLash can be used to enhance lash growth. VolumLash uses natural ingredients to strengthen lashes while also making them darker and longer and preventing breakage. It can also be applied to eyebrows as well to grow and thicken hair. What happens if you lose eyelashes? Losing eyelashes, as a natural part of the eyelash growth cycle, typically has no significant negative consequences. It usually will regrow naturally since when you lose an eyelash, a new one will eventually grow in its place. Eyelashes serve as a vital protective barrier for your eyes, shielding them from dust, debris, and other potential irritants. Losing a few eyelashes does not compromise this function, as the remaining lashes continue to provide adequate protection. There may be cosmetic concerns if eyelashes are lost as it may temporarily impact the appearance of your eyes, but they will gradually regrow over time. Overall, losing a few eyelashes each day is a normal and natural process, and is the body's mechanism to ensure that lashes remain functional and look good over time. However, if you experience persistent or significant lash loss, it's advisable to consult a healthcare professional to rule out any underlying causes. Losing a few eyelashes each day is a normal and natural part of the eyelash growth cycle. These hairs not only enhance our appearance but also play a crucial role in protecting our eyes from external elements. While eyelash loss should not generally raise alarm, it’s essential to be mindful of sudden or excessive shedding, as it could indicate underlying issues that require attention. Maintaining good eyelash care habits, using reputable eyelash products such as VolumeLash and seeking professional guidance when necessary can help ensure that our eyelashes remain healthy and functional providing both protection and beauty to the eyes. Prevention and care are ultimately the best eyelash loss treatment.	0.9853	FineWeb	1. Eyelash Loss 2. Eyelash Growth Cycle 3. Eyelash Care and Maintenance
Micro-moments are the smallest units of interaction in an online experience; like when Kayak.com automatically activates the return-date calendar after you’ve entered your departure date. It’s so smart! Do you want to find your micro-moments and make frictionless experiences from them? Of course you do! And consider Stephen Anderson your Sherlock Holmes, because he’s the detective who identifies micro-moments and maps them to bigger customer journeys. He’ll tell you how to design interactions as conversations that you can anticipate and direct. Plus, you’ll learn how to integrate micro-moment design into your existing workflow. Design interactions from conversations You'll see real examples of why micro-moments make people very happy or very frustrated. - Think of interactions as conversations as a way to focus on the content first - “Role play in the browser” to identify which moments stick with you and which fall flat Focus on “how” rather than “what” You'll hear why Stephen thinks our UX industry is going down some dangerous paths. - Differentiate between good versus good-enough design - Dig into the “why” of your designs—rather than only satisfying requirements Integrate micro-moments by starting your process from the bottom up You’ll stop using the information architecture as the driving force behind your designs. - Dive into the micro-moments before mapping them to the overall flow - Find out how to make common micro-moments better	0.7852	FineWeb	* Design interactions from conversations * Focus on “how” rather than “what” * Integrate micro-moments by starting your process from the bottom up
Higher reliability. Improved mixing efficiency. Increased duration. Pressure leaching ‘severe service’ challenges: - scale formation - corrosion (acidic environment) - wear and erosion - high velocity and 3-phase flow - high oxygen concentration - thermal shock Specific to the autoclave industry, MOGAS has directly employed and strategically partnered with the best technical specialists, who support the start-up and ramp up to full production of high-pressure acid leach (HPAL) and pressure oxidation (POx) production plants globally. These experienced operational and maintenance personnel have solid process understanding—a critical factor in the successful start-up of a high-pressure metallurgy process in an autoclave-based circuit, compared to a conventional atmospheric leach or concentrator plant. This experience base provides input and a better understanding of the overall process circuit beyond autoclaves that advance valve and system designs specific to customer requirements. MOGAS can assess specific design aspects of the circuit to not only assimilate the current operational procedures, but to the underlying reasons for the way the procedures were developed—the ‘why’s’ to procedural steps, operational sequences or specific design features. The majority of all autoclaves worldwide use MOGAS severe service technology.	0.8505	FineWeb	1. Pressure Leaching Challenges 2. Autoclave Industry Solutions 3. High-Pressure Metallurgy Processes
5centsCDN supports time ranges for DVR playback, using this a client can playback the recorded fragment in a specific time range. This is used for various use cases, especially in the Electronic Program Guide (EPG) type of applications. No special setup is needed. Follow general setup instruction to make DVR settings and then use specially formed URL to get the content. your DVR playback URL would be like where “EPOCH_FROM” is the fragment start time as UTC epoch time and “LENGTH” is the length of the fragment in seconds. It starts at a given time and lasts for 30 minutes. To view the full recorded contents of a stream, use the following syntax NOTE: To get the DVR playback URL to go to Live Streams > DVR and click on the Manage Button near to your respective DVR stream. The PlaybackURL/Embed Code part will give you the corresponding General Playback URL for your DVR stream	0.7888	FineWeb	1. DVR Playback 2. URL Setup 3. Playback Options
> JRI-Poland - Lesko The icon indicates that accessing that resource requires free membership to the site where the resource exists. In the case of Facebook groups, it indicates that the group is a Closed Group and you need to request access. The icon indicates that accessing that resource requires a paid membership to the site where the resource exists.Please share your experience with this resource in the comments below. In particular, share your tips on how to best use this resource, what you found useful, and your success stories if you were able to use this resource to help you in your genealogical research.	0.5496	FineWeb	> Topics: 1. JRI-Poland 2. Lesko 3. Genealogical Research
The central mystery of human life is consciousness: the relationship between mind and body, the origin and process of subjective experience. These questions remain confounding, but this is not to say we have not come a long way. While we are by all accounts humbled in the face of both the brain’s extraordinary complexity and the completely unique nature of consciousness, the last 25 years have been a period of exponential growth in our ability to look at these questions scientifically. Of course, yogis have been inquiring into consciousness for a very long time, but this is purely from the other side of the conversation. Spiritual practice is an entirely subjective affair, whilst science seeks objective evidence. In a way, consciousness is at the junction of subjectivity and objectivity. It has simultaneously a neurobiological substrate with neuronal and biochemical correlates we are slowly but steadily identifying and brain regions that are being mapped, and a mysteriously private 1st person expression. How exactly the two relate remains inscrutable, but the fact that they are inextricably related is undeniable. With lots of research being done on how practices that train us in mindfulness affect the brain, this dance between subjectivity and objectivity, spirituality and science is more fascinating and exciting than ever before. Far from negating the mysteries of consciousness, this feels like a celebratory exploration. Up until about 20 years ago it was thought that the brain was “hard-wired” by the age of five or six. But there has been a revolution in neuroscience, based in the discovery of how experience changes the brain’s function and even structure over time. This is called neuroplasticity. Any meaningful conversation about how yoga practice can effect transformation now has a reference point in brain research. I offer you my Three Principles of Transformational Neuroplasticity, as gleaned from the current neuroscience literature. It is the repeated, consistent patterns created by new experience that change the brain, and therefore who we are, how we feel, how we deal with our emotions, how aware we are of our bodies and how integrated we are on all levels. The emphasis on consistency in all practice-based traditions is connected to the observation that staying on the path produces results over time. Proponents of spirituality have always understood this intuitively, but now we are closer to understanding why it works! Consistent practice is essential—it is where the rubber meets the road. Commit yourself to a daily practice, Your loyalty to that is like a ring on the door. Keep knocking and eventually the joy that lives inside Will look out to see who’s there… Linkage: “What Fires Together, Wires Together” This is a catchphrase from the research referring to the phenomenon of linkage between neural pathways. We can create powerful chains of association that form strong and complex neural networks with multiple links when we practice. Linking the experience of removing shoes, rolling out and sitting down on our mats with activating breath awareness, becoming oriented to the shared sacred space, and starting to pay closer attention to our bodies constructs a set of positive, safe, disciplined and communcal associuations. Each time we begin our yoga practice we are stimulating this neural network until it is second nature. Linking the experience of being “resourced” (in touch with resilience, compassion, mindful relationship to our stream of inner excperience) to the experience of consciously and compassionately staying present with what scares us starts to change how we deal with stress and trauma in ourselves and in others. Linking what I think of as the “practice trinity” of breath, presence and compassion to one another similarly develops a new, interwoven brain skill. In the way I teach, adding the evocative elements like music or poetic images can enrich this still further. Your Just Desserts: Utilizing the Reward System Mindfulness activates neuroplasticity, but when the reward system is firing, those new pathways grow even stronger. The reward system releases feel good chemicals like dopamine and endorphins. In the biochemical matrix created by the reward system, the possibilities of neuroplastic transformation are amplified. Deep breathing, music, poetry, communal experience and physical activity all stimulate the reward system —that’s why they make us feel good. So experiencing the process of inner work, resourcing, healing and even the discharge of emotional energy in contexts that also make us feel good, means that the transformational pathways will be formed that much more strongly. Enjoy being in your body when you are practicing, let the good feelings in, maintain a sense of connection to the community around you, radiate and receive compassion, permission, and gratitude and use all of this as fuel for the journey of shifting old patterns, healing wounds and learning new habits. From The Radiance Sutras: Rocking, swaying, undulating Carried by the rhythm, Ride the waves of ecstatic motion Into a sublime fusion of passion and peace. Think of the above three principles of transformational neuroplasticity as a doorway into the “sacred biochemistry” of yoga practice. They represent both a poetic and science-informed way of seeking to frame the experiential processes of self-transformation through yoga practice.	0.7507	FineWeb	1. Consciousness and the Brain 2. Neuroplasticity and Transformation 3. Mindfulness and the Reward System
MRI Scan- A Powerful Tool for Diagnosis and Treatment Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan is an imaging technique. This is an effective diagnostic tool usually recommended by doctor to diagnose a variety of health issues that are affecting the human body. An MRI scan allows healthcare provider to have a look into the inside of the body. Because it provides the detailed picture of the internal structure of the body, so doctors can easily see what is happening inside your body and provide the treatment accordingly to treat a wider range of medical conditions. It is considered high-powered diagnostic tool to diagnose and treat various of health issues because of its reliability and effectiveness. This blog uncovers the power of an innovative and powerful diagnostic tool such as MRI scans. - What is an MRI Scan? - Why is MRI scan recommended? - What are the common types of an MRI Scan? - How an MRI scan is beneficial? - What is the procedure of an MRI scan? - What are the necessary precautions to follow before undergoing an MRI Scan? - What is the cost of an MRI Scan? What is an MRI Scan? Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan is an imaging technique that harnesses a very powerful magnetic field and radio waves to generate detailed images of the tissues and internal organs and tissues in your body. Unlike other Imaging techniques such as X-Rays and CT scans, an MRI scan doesn’t involve the use of ionizing radiation. That’s why it is safe to undergo an MRI scan repeatedly. Depending on the condition of the patient, to diagnose the problem effectively, the doctor recommends MRI with or without contrast. If you have been recommended for an MRI scan for your specific health issues, then book your appointment at the best diagnostic centre in Gurgaon for quality diagnostic procedures with 100% accurate results. Usage of MRI Scan - Brain and spinal cord problems: These scans help doctor diagnose various medical conditions related to our brain and spinal cord including tumors, herniated disk, Parkinson’s disease, dementia, stroke, and multiple sclerosis. - Heart and blood vessel problems: MRI scans are used to diagnose cardiac health conditions, such as heart attack, heart failure, and valve problems. - Cancer: MRI scans can be used to diagnose cancer. It helps the doctor in taking decision regarding the cancer treatment as well as monitor the response of on-going treatment. - Bone and joint problems: MRI scans image the bones and joints. They diagnose various bone and joint conditions including as arthritis, ligament tear, and torn meniscus. - Soft tissue injuries: MRI scans are used to generate the images of soft tissues, such as muscles, tendons, and ligaments. An MRI scan helps in diagnosing the soft tissues injuries, such as sprains, strains, and tears. - Infections: MRI scans can be used to diagnose infections. - Tumors: MRI scans can be used to detect and diagnose tumors. Doctors recommend MRI scan to plan tumor treatment and monitor the response to ongoing treatment for tumor. - Pregnancy complications: MRI scans can be used to diagnose pregnancy complications, such as placenta previa and placental abruption. What the Types of MRI scans There are various types of MRI scans to image the body parts for diagnosis of different health conditions. The doctor prescribes you specific MRI scan, to image the particular body to diagnose the specific health condition. Some of the most commonly recommended MRI scans include: - Brain MRI: The Brain MRI scan is used to image the internal structure of the brain to diagnose different types of brain conditions including tumors, Parkinson’s Disease, Alzheimer’s Problem, dementia, stroke, infection, brain hemorrhage, brain damage due to epilepsy and multiple sclerosis. - Spinal MRI: The Spinal MRI scan is used to image the spinal cord structure and its surrounding tissues to diagnose various kinds of spinal cord conditions, including herniated discs, spinal stenosis, spinal tumor, inflammation of the spinal cord, spinal cord compression, birth defects in the spinal cord and many more. - Cardiac MRI (Heart MRI): The Cardiac MRI scan, also known as Heart MRI scan is used to create an image of the heart and blood vessels to diagnose various heart conditions, such as heart attack, heart failure, congenital heart issues, heart muscle damage, enlarged heart and valve problems and many more. - MRI Arthrogram: MRI Arthrogram, also known as MRI Arthrography is used to image the joints to diagnose various types of joint conditions, such as arthritis, torn ligaments, meniscal tears, and many more. - Breast MRI: The Breast MRI is used to obtain the image of the breasts to diagnose various breast-related issues such as breast cancer and its extent, rupture of breast implants, and many more. - MRI Angiography (MRA): MRI Angiography (MRA), also known as MRI Angiogram is used to image blood vessels to diagnose a variety of blood vessel-related problems, such as blockages, aneurysms, aortic dissection, Renal artery stenosis, arteriovenous malformations and many more. Apart from the mentioned above types of MRI scans, Doctors recommend many other types of MRI scans to diagnose specific conditions related to the liver, kidneys, pancreas, muscles, ligaments, tendons, and other organs. What are the Benefits of MRI Scans? MRI scans are highly recommended over other imaging techniques because of following benefits: - Non-invasive: MRI scan is a non-invasive procedure, which does not require any incisions. - Painless: MRI scans are painless and safe. But you may experience little bit discomfort because of lying still and straight for long time duration. - Detailed Imaging: MRI scans provides the images of the inside of the body in detail. It covers the organs, bones and soft tissues as well. - No exposure to radiations: MRI scans does not involve the use of any harmful radiation unlike other imaging techniques. So, it is a safe option for patients of all age group. What to Expect During an MRI Scan? A Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan is a non-invasive and painless procedure. Here is a step-by-step procedure of an MRI scan and what to expect during an MRI Scan: - Depending on whether you are prescribed for MRI with contrast or without contrast, the MRI technician will inject you with the contrast dye accordingly. In case of contrast dye involvement, you will be asked to take rest for around 30-45 mins. before undergoing a scan. - Before undergoing an MRI scan, MRI Technician will give you earplugs to wear during the procedure because the MRI scanner makes noise while scanning. - You will be asked to lie straight and still on a narrow scanning table, attached to the MRI scanner, and will slide into the scanner. - The technician will place coils on the specific body part to be scanned to help focus the MRI signals. - The technician will be in another room during the procedure and instruct you via intercom. You will be asked to hold your breath for a short period during the scanning procedure. - During the scanning process, the scanner will produce a powerful magnetic field around your body, and the radio waves will be pulsed through the body and interact with the hydrogen atoms in the body. - The MRI scanner will measure the energy released by the hydrogen atoms and the computer system will create detailed images of the specific body part for diagnosis of the problem. - The complete process of MRI scan takes around 45-60 minutes in completion. How Do I Prepare for an MRI Scan? An MRI Scan is a completely safe procedure but to prevent any kind of complication during the procedure, you are advised to follow the guidelines of your doctor before undergoing a scan. Here are some general guidelines to be followed by patients before undergoing the procedure: - If you feel claustrophobic, please inform the doctor as well as the technician - Because an MRI scanner utilizes a powerful magnetic field, so if you have any metal implants in your body like surgical staples, pacemakers, artificial joints, etc, please inform your doctor and technician. - During pregnancy, undergoing an MRI scan is generally safe but, in some cases, the doctor may recommend avoiding them. So, inform your doctor if you are expecting. - If you are breastfeeding your child, then inform your doctor and technician regarding the same. - Remove all metallic items from your body as they may interfere during the scan and affect the result. What is the Cost of an MRI Scan? In Gurgaon, there are various diagnostic centres and hospitals offering MRI scan services. If we talk about the cost of an MRI scan in Gurgaon, then we can say that it varies from hospital to hospital and diagnostic centre to diagnostic centre, depending on the location of the facility, type of scan, and quality of the machine used. It typically lies between INR 4000 to INR 20000. Book your prescribed MRI scan at the best MRI centre in Gurgaon. Our MRI department is well-equipped with a 1.5 Tesla MRI scanner and staffed by renowned radiologists to ensure high-quality imaging without any quality compromise. Compare to other diagnostic center’s and hospitals in Gurgaon, Miracles Apollo is a multi-specialty hospital offering a wide range of pocket-friendly MRI scans to diagnose a variety of health issues. In conclusion, Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans are a non-invasive and painless procedure. It is helpful in diagnosing variety of complex medical conditions which are not seen in other imaging techniques. According to your health condition, the doctor decides which type of MRI scan is the best for you to diagnose and treat the problem. If you have any questions or concerns related to MRI scans, be sure to talk to your doctor.	0.9411	FineWeb	- MRI Scan Basics - MRI Scan Types and Benefits - Preparing for an MRI Scan
Printable alphabet letters to cut out are a valuable resource for preschool teachers. These letters can be used for various educational activities such as letter recognition, spelling, and creating vocabulary cards. Printable alphabet letters to cut out are a valuable resource for preschool teachers. These letters can be used for various educational activities such as letter recognition, spelling, and creating vocabulary cards. They provide a hands-on and interactive way for young learners to explore and practice the alphabet. For homeschooling parents in need of printable alphabet letters to cut, there are several websites that provide free resources. These printable letters can be easily downloaded and printed at home, making them convenient for teaching letter recognition, spelling, and other language skills. Whether you prefer colorful and decorative letters or simple and straightforward ones, there are plenty of options available online to suit your homeschooling needs. Printable alphabet letters to cut are a valuable resource for elementary school teachers. These letters can be printed and cut out to create visually appealing displays and learning materials for their classrooms. Teachers can use these letters to create bulletin board headings, word walls, and other interactive activities to help their students learn and practice phonics and letter recognition. Calling all art and craft enthusiasts! Get ready to create a masterpiece with printable alphabet letters to cut. Whether you're looking to personalize a greeting card, add a unique touch to a scrapbook, or create a stunning piece of wall art, these printable letters are perfect for any project. Simply print the letters, cut them out, and let your creativity soar as you arrange and design your unique creation. With endless possibilities, the only limit is your imagination! The alphabet is a Latin letter that consists of 26 letters and each of them has upper and lower cases. There is also a group called consonant which consists of 21 letters and vowels which consists of 5 letters. The origin of the alphabet came from the 7th century in a Latin script. Since then the alphabet is used by almost all people in the world. Meanwhile, the old English alphabet that is recorded the first time by Byrhtferð has 29 letters. Using printable alphabet letters to cut allows for easy and convenient access to a variety of letter templates. It eliminates the need for manual drawing or tracing, saving time and effort. Printable letters ensure consistency in size and shape, making them useful for a range of crafts and educational activities. Printable alphabet letters to cut can be helpful in teaching young children because they provide a hands-on and interactive learning experience. By physically cutting out and manipulating the letters, children are able to engage in a tactile activity that helps reinforce their understanding and recognition of the alphabet. Cutting out letters can also improve fine motor skills and hand-eye coordination in young learners. Yes, there are advantages to using printable alphabet letters to cut. First, printable letters allow for customization, as you can choose the size, font, and color that best suits your needs. Second, it can be more cost-effective, as you can print as many letters as you need, rather than buying pre-made sets. Printable letters offer convenience, as you can easily print them at any time, without having to visit a store or wait for delivery. Yes, printable alphabet letters to cut can be used for other purposes besides education. They can be used for crafts, decorations, and as templates for other projects. The letters can be cut out and used in various creative ways, allowing for endless possibilities beyond just educational applications.	0.9976	FineWeb	1. Educational Activities 2. Crafts and Decorations 3. Language Skills
Ritter Endodontics is proud to offer the latest in endodontics technology and techniques to provide more effective and more comfortable treatments for our valued clients. Below are some of the cutting-edge tools and methods employed by endodontists at our practice, including surgical microscopes, digital radiographs, 3D imaging, GentleWave® procedures, and endodontic laser treatment. Modern endodontists often utilize surgical microscopes to improve the precision and success of their treatments. At Ritter Endodontics, we’ve been using surgical microscopes for decades. Here’s why they’re beneficial: - Magnification: Surgical microscopes can magnify the treatment area, allowing Drs. Ritter and Susin to see intricate details of the tooth. - Better Lighting: Bright, directed light provides a clearer view, especially in the inner portions of the tooth. - Accuracy: Enhanced visibility allows for more accurate treatment, reducing the risk of complications. - Shorter Treatment Time: Better visibility can mean quicker identification and resolution of problems. Gone are the days of waiting for X-ray films to develop in a darkroom. The digital radiographs (X-rays) offered at Ritter Endodontics provide several advantages in endodontic practice. - Speed: Images appear on a computer screen almost instantly. - Re-takes: If needed, another image can be captured right away. - No Chemicals: Digital X-rays don’t require chemicals for developing, which is better for the environment. Increased Patient Safety - Reduced Radiation: Digital radiographs emit up to 90% less radiation compared to traditional X-rays, which reduces the risk of exposure for patients. 3D Imaging (Cone Beam Technology) For a comprehensive view of the tooth and surrounding structures, we use 3D imaging, also known as Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT). At Ritter Endodontics, our CBCT imaging offers many advantages to our team and our patients, including: - Three-Dimensional: Offers a complete 3D image of the tooth, bone, and surrounding structures. - Precise Treatment Planning: Helps in assessing the shape and number of canals the tooth has, and aids in detecting any anomalies. Safe and Quick - Reduced Radiation: Compared to regular medical CT scanners, CBCT emits much less radiation. - Fast Scan Time: Most scans are completed in less than a minute. GentleWave® is a groundbreaking procedure that offers a minimally invasive approach to root canal therapy. At Ritter Endodontics, we’re proud to offer this cutting-edge treatment method to help ensure success and patient comfort. The GentleWave® procedure offers many advantages to traditional root canal therapy, including: - Advanced Cleaning: Uses fluid dynamics and broad spectrum acoustic energy to clean and disinfect the root canal system. - Preservation: Requires minimal instrumentation, and preserves more of the tooth’s natural structure. - Less Discomfort: Many patients report less pain and discomfort compared to traditional methods. Endodontic Laser Treatment Laser technology has made its way into endodontics, which offers another avenue for effective treatment. At Ritter Endodontics, Dr. Ritter and Dr. Susin are both skilled in endodontic laser treatment. The advantages of endodontic laser treatment include: - Precision: It targets diseased or damaged tissue with accuracy, minimizing damage to healthy tissue. - Reduced Discomfort: Some patients find laser treatment to be more comfortable than traditional methods. - Quicker Healing: Laser treatments can promote faster tissue regeneration and reduced inflammation. Experience the Latest in Technology and Treatments at Ritter Endodontics Technological advances in endodontics provide patients with more options, reduced pain, and quicker recovery times. If you’re in need of root canal treatment or other endodontic procedures, know that the tools and techniques available at Ritter Endodontics make for a more comfortable and efficient experience. Talk with your general dentist about a potential referral, or call the experienced team at Ritter Endodontics at (919) 403-5000 for a consultation today.	0.8058	FineWeb	* Endodontic Technology * Treatment Methods * Patient Safety
Farinaz Koushanfar is a professor and Henry Booker Faculty Scholar in the University of California, San Diego’s Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, where she directs the Adaptive Computing and Embedded Systems Lab. Her research addresses several aspects of efficient computing and embedded systems, with a focus on hardware and system security, real-time/energy-efficient big data analytics on small devices, design automation, and privacy-preserving computing. Koushanfar serves as an associate partner of the Intel Collaborative Research Institute for Secure Computing to aid developing solutions for the next generation of embedded secure devices. Here she talks to us about security issues and solutions at the intersection of the physical and logical worlds. Question: What role does piracy play in increasing the vulnerability of hardware systems? Koushanfar: Piracy is a big problem, and a hard problem to address. Every year, more transistors are fabricated than all previous years combined. Just as a comparison point, the number of transistors fabricated in 2017 is estimated to be about two orders of magnitude greater than the total number of ants on Earth. These transistors are rarely precoded with protection. Current methods for detecting piracy are costly and don’t make sense for cheaper legacy devices. For example, say a pirate repackages/recycles some old chips that were trashed and sells them for $50. Does it make sense financially to try to detect every $50 device on the market? Aside from recycling, another source of piracy is overbuilding. Most chip design houses are fab-less, particularly those in the United States. Designers make the blueprint of the chip and send it offshore to a country that has fab. They might order 1 million copies of the chip, but nothing prevents the fabricator from making another million copies and selling them on some other market. Pirating can also occur after chips are tested. Typically, 10 to 15 percent of chips are found defective during testing. This doesn’t mean that a chip is totally dysfunctional, just that it has reliability problems. If someone gets hold of and sells chips that failed one or two tests, they’re introducing reliability problems into the system. Another issue is that a lot of devices from the same family will likely share keys, so if someone gets possession of some of these devices and cracks the keys, they could use the keys to access the others. Question: What approaches can be used to protect against piracy? Koushanfar: Both passive and active approaches are possible but passive methods like monitoring or testing the parameters after production are typically more costly and harder to enforce. My team has invented methods that allow chip designers, for the first time, to actively and uniquely obfuscate and control each chip that’s manufactured in offshore countries. Unique control had been a challenge prior to our work, since for scalability and cost reasons, all the chips are fabricated from the same blueprint (mask). Imagine you have a stamp and every time you stamp it on a piece of paper, you get a slightly different print (fingerprint). We take this idea a bit further by integrating the fingerprints within each chip’s functionality, thus making obfuscated chips with unique functional locks. Basically, manufacturing variations create the same effect as a fingerprint, even though all the chips come from the same mask. We created a method, called hardware metering, for extracting these kinds of analog variations into digital codes and tying those codes to the chips’ functionality. Then, even if the manufacturer builds extra chips, they can’t be activated without the specific codes. Similar hardware-based locking or obfuscation mechanisms can be used to control and attest the software and data running on the IC based on the chip locks or obfuscated properties. Question: Do you have other projects at the intersection of hardware and software? Koushanfar: Interestingly, there are problems on the other side of the software protection and data privacy spectrum that can leverage hardware design principals to become practicable. They can simultaneously guide the design of new secure hardware. For example, in a more recent project, called TinyGarble, we introduced the idea of building upon scalable hardware synthesis methodologies for privacy protection with orders of magnitude efficiency compared with the prior art. A classic problem in secure computing/cryptography at the software level addresses how to allow two parties to jointly compute a function without revealing their data to each other. The well-known example is the millionaire’s problem, where two parties can compare their wealth without revealing their own wealth. Andrew Yao introduced this concept in the 1980s, along with a protocol. For about 20 years, however, the protocol didn’t have any practical application because it’s too computing intensive to implement. An essential part of garbling is converting the description of the function into Boolean logic. But conversion to logic is a task that hardware designers have been doing for more than 50 years. The contribution of our collaborative work to this field has totally changed the efficiency of these algorithms by bringing a digital designer’s perspective and building upon Boolean logic synthesis techniques. Our first set of techniques, which is more of a software contribution, aimed to show that you could use these hardware compilers to automatically interpret secure functions with an unprecedented efficiency. Next, we realized fully secure processors in hardware, so we now have an actual processor that can operate a garbled program and garbled data. It gives a final result that you can decrypt without knowing the details or the internals of the program or the data. Under certain assumptions, this hardware, which we call a GarbleCPU, is the first known instance of a scalable leakage-resilient cryptography because it processes data in a provably garbled, obfuscated way. Question: What is the role of scalable domain-specific machine learning solutions in establishing trust? Koushanfar: The central theme of my research lab is efficiency, scalability, and practicability. Several classic security and cryptography solutions are resource intensive, and despite their conceptual beauty, not easily adoptable in practice. The discrepancy between the physical resources and security is even more pronounced when the content and transactions scale. For example, consider how much data we share with various companies and entities, such as Google and Facebook, and that for many contemporary businesses, not just these giants, their value is their customer base, i.e., how much customer data they possess. It’s customary for such organizations to do a lot of analytics on this data for various reasons, such as targeted advertising. In domain-specific machine learning, we customize the learning algorithm to the data and to the machine’s architecture in a way that this learning can be done much more efficiently, while we also add security and privacy in a minimal number of places. The focus is to allow privacy-preserving computing, or computing on encrypted data, within limited resources. The idea is philosophically rather simple, since customized solutions are often made to be more efficient than the general-purpose ones. The challenge, however, remains in scaling customized secure solutions to several algorithms and platforms. This is why our research aims at making automated solutions that are robust and can be parametrically customized to various systems and platforms. Question: What is your vision when it comes to creating a framework to support the Internet of Things (IoT)? Koushanfar: Many classic security algorithms have been about logically securing things. As we move forward in the IoT era, we are talking not only about the logical world, but also the physical world. We need to integrate physical aspects. For instance, notions of security in this IoT world could be tied to location and time. The idea is that one could leverage or bootstrap the spatial and temporal correlation among things to develop new security protocols. For example, if devices are in physical proximity and have certain other properties that can be used in multifactor authentication, such as exposure to the same noise in a room, one could leverage this info to build a more secure system. It is also possible to use a signal’s time of travel to make a statement about physical proximity. This type of bootstrapping—that is, bootstrapping physical and temporal properties—can be used to authenticate devices. The random generation of keys from chip manufacturing variations is an example of how a physical aspect of the system helps us to generate something that supports logical security. This is our current focus in IoT security and where I envision a lot of new algorithms for IoT security can be developed—at the intersection of the physical and logical worlds. It’s not yet clear what IoT standards will emerge. But for anyone who is interested, this is the time to have an impact.	0.907	FineWeb	* Hardware Security * Secure Computing * Internet of Things (IoT) Security
Dear valued customer Although white label process is a 2 working days procedure to come alive, it sometimes may take weeks before being delivered due to one or more of the following reasons: - Lack of providing correct KYC documents. - Unclear or wrong company Logo and contact info which most of the time requires repackaging again and this is time consuming for both of us. - Requesting single white label and not having WL distribution agreement where you keep negotiate for the single WL each time while it has a fixed pricing, and processing a Single WL invoice takes time unlike the Bulk white labels one. - Signing the White label contract with mixed information or signatures. In order to speed up processing the white label with its best as of 1-2 days at maximum, make sure to do the following: - Get your bulk WL distribution agreement with its credit now and save your time discussing the white label offer each time. - Fill the white label contract with the correct information and each party on it’s specified spaces to avoid sending you the contract again, as contract with mixed details will not be accepted. - Order your WL with the following KYC documents directly (Company certificate and/or ID, driving license) and supply us with these document with the white label contract. - Company clear information with forwarding verification email from your WL domain directly. Your WL logo should be clear with the requested sizes; 55×55 (Setup Image, PNG) and 32×32 (Desktop ICON) and 80×80 (Help about image, PNG) And sent as source file AI, PSD We appreciate your cooperation with us to assure serving you with our finest services and at the earliest. Leave A Comment	0.586	FineWeb	1. White Label Process 2. KYC Documents 3. White Label Contract
Why are Some Homeowners Relocating Solar Panels During Home Sales? Have you ever wondered why some San Antonio homeowners choose to remove their solar panels before selling their homes? Despite the growing popularity of rooftop solar installations, a few homeowners have been taking drastic steps to avoid the potential pitfalls of solar panel ownership. As someone who has interviewed several real estate agents, I’ve discovered some common reasons why this is happening. Let’s explore the myths and realities surrounding solar panels and home sales. Assumable Solar Loans: Separating Fact from Fiction One of the primary reasons why homeowners may choose to remove their solar panels is due to assumable solar loans. Essentially, these loans allow the buyer of a home to take over the existing solar loan, which can be an attractive feature for some buyers. However, not all solar loan providers offer assumable loans, and this can create complications during home sales. Homeowners may feel compelled to remove their solar panels and relocate them to their new homes to avoid the risk of defaulting on the loan. However, in reality, many real estate agents report successful transfers of assumable solar loans during home sales. Overpriced Solar Panels: Separating Fact from Fiction Another reason why some San Antonio homeowners choose to remove their solar panels is due to overpriced solar panels that can’t be paid off during a home sale. This often occurs when solar companies offer expensive solar panels that cannot be paid off at the time of closing. This can create challenges for sellers who want to transfer the solar panel system to the buyer. In some cases, the buyer may demand that the seller take a significant loss on the solar system. However, the reality is that most solar systems will pay for themselves over time by reducing or eliminating the need for expensive electricity bills. The Benefits of Solar Systems: Separating Fact from Fiction Despite the challenges associated with solar panel ownership during home sales, it’s essential to remember the benefits of solar power. Solar panels can provide a protective barrier for your roof, reduce energy costs, and add value to your home. In fact, many homeowners report that solar panels have actually improved the quality of their roofs by lowering the temperature of the house and providing shade. In conclusion, while some San Antonio homeowners may be moving solar panels off their homes during home sales, this is not representative of the majority of experiences with rooftop solar installations. In most cases, solar panels can be transferred to new owners with ease. It’s important to remember that solar panels offer many benefits to homeowners, and with careful research and consideration, you can reap the benefits of clean energy and lower energy bills.	0.6077	FineWeb	1. Assumable Solar Loans 2. Overpriced Solar Panels 3. Benefits of Solar Systems
Researchers are reporting for the first time that smokers are more likely to die from heart disease than lung cancer and are more likely to die from a fatal cardiovascular event without warning. Despite progress in reducing cigarette smoking among U.S. adults, an estimated 34 million adults in the United States continue to smoke, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. While most people recognize that smoking is associated with lung cancer, its association with cardiovascular disease is not as well recognized. In an observational study, the researchers used data from nine population-based studies that followed people for several decades to examine the risk of cardiovascular disease among smokers. The analysis included data from more than 100,000 adults between the ages of 20 and 79 who were free from cardiovascular disease at the start of the studies. Among the findings: More than 50% of adults aged 40 to 59 who smoked developed cardiovascular disease and were almost twice as likely to die of a fatal heart attack, stroke, or heart failure without previous warning. The researchers also found that young men and women who smoked were more than twice as likely to have a fatal cardiovascular event as their first sign of cardiovascular disease compared to nonsmokers. The findings underscore the importance of smoking cessation, the researchers noted. The study, partly funded by the NHLBI, appeared in the Journal of the American Heart Association.	0.5114	FineWeb	1. Smoking and Heart Disease 2. Cardiovascular Disease Risks 3. Smoking Cessation
Lies, Damned Lies, and ATAGI Statements By Robyn Chuter On 21 December 2021, I received the following generic Christmas email from Karen Andrews, Federal member for McPherson and Minister for Home Affairs in the Morrison government: The third paragraph of the email caught my eye, as it was evident by late December that the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 was disproportionately infecting people who had already received COVID-19 injections. For example, the Danish State Serum Institute published the following table in a report dated 17 December 2021, indicating that 91% of Danes infected with the Omicron variant had received at least 1 dose of a COVID-19 injection, with nearly 80% double-jabbed: The following data appeared in sheet 1b of this document, published 21 December 2021 by the UK Office for National Statistics (ONS), indicating that people who had received a third “booster” dose of a COVID-19 injection had 4.45 times the odds of being infected with “an Omicron probable result” – a noteworthy phrase in itself, since it implies that the ability of genomic sequencing to positively identify the new variant is less robust than our government overlords and their mockingbird media repeaters would have us believe – than unvaccinated people, while the double-jabbed had 2.26 times the odds, and the single-jabbed had 1.57 times the odds: Screening characteristicCategoryEstimated likelihood of testing positive for COVID-19 with an Omicron probable result (odds ratio)Lower 95% confidence intervalUpper 95% confidence intervalp-valueNumber of Omicron probable positivesTotal sampleVaccination statusNot vaccinated (Reference)1–––14536Vaccination status1 dose1.570.524.540.4138144Vaccination status2 doses, more than 14 days ago2.260.787.450.15772944Vaccination status3 doses, more than 14 days ago4.451.2917.030.02321185Modelled likelihood of testing positive with an Omicron probable result in people who test positive for COVID-19, by screened demographic characteristic, UK – data extracted from Table 1bGranted, the UK data have a small sample size and wide 95% confidence intervals, but the trend comports with the Danish data, indicating that Omicron is a variant of the vaccinated. Consequently, I sent the following reply to Karen Andrews on 1 January 2022: Dear Ms Andrews Could you please provide scientific evidence for the statement in your email sent 21 December 2021, that “As we continue to live with the virus, getting your booster shot is the best way to make sure you are as protected as possible against Omicron”? UK data indicate that “Those who have received three doses of a vaccine and test positive for COVID-19 are more likely to be infected with infections compatible with the Omicron variant compared with those who are unvaccinated”; the odds ratio of testing positive for COVID-19 with an Omicron probable result is 4.45 times higher in people who have received 2 COVID-19 vaccines plus a booster than in people who are unvaccinated. The same pattern has been repeated in the US, South Africa, The Netherlands and here in Australia – it is the fully vaccinated and/or boosted who are most likely to be infected with the Omicron variant. It is clear that the Omicron variant is able to evade vaccine-induced antibodies. Since vaccines only induce blood-borne antibodies rather than the mucosal antibodies that are required to neutralise a highly contagious, airborne respiratory virus, there is no possible way that any of the vaccines currently in use for COVID-19 can protect people against infection and spread of SARS-CoV-2. Do you have evidence that contradicts the above-cited scientific references? If not, then you are guilty of circulating medical misinformation to your constituents (of whom I am one) and I will be making sure that this becomes publicly known. I would remind you that a Federal election is imminent and that politicians who are revealed to be deliberately lying to their constituents are not likely to be re-elected. Robyn Chuter BHSc(Hons), ND, GDCouns, FASLM, MATMS ASLM Certified Lifestyle Medicine Practitioner I received a reply from one of Ms Andrews’ electorate officers, Greg Betts, on 4 January 2022, as follows: Good afternoon Ms Chuter, Thank you for your email to Karen Andrews MP. Mrs Andrews is currently in home quarantine and she will be made aware of your correspondence. I am replying to you on her behalf. Mrs Andrews, and the federal government MPs generally, rely on the medical advice that is provided by the Australian Technical Advisory Group on Immunisation (ATAGI). This is trusted medical advice from experts in the field. There will no doubt be a variety of opinions out there on many medical issues, particularly when there are new diseases arising. The government must make decisions based on trusted information, and that is why they base their decisions on the advice of ATAGI. A statement on the Omicron variant and boosters is available on the ATAGI website, here. Greg Betts \| Electorate Officer Before I share my response to Mr Betts with you, I invite you to take a moment to savour this vignette lifted straight from the Theatre of the Absurd, which has become our everyday reality: a “fully vaccinated” individual is in home quarantine, presumably because she came in contact with a person infected with SARS-CoV-2, or was in a location in which such a person was identified. (I emailed Mr Betts to ask him why Mrs Andrews was in quarantine, but have not received a reply.) I’m sure I’m not the only person who wants to know, What was the point of getting jabbed if you still have to engage in pointless biosecurity theatre every time you are exposed to the thing the jab was supposed to protect you from??? It is an established principle of epidemiology that contact tracing can only delay the entry of a highly contagious respiratory virus into a community – not prevent it altogether – and that it is only useful in the early stages of an outbreak, before community transmission becomes established. For example, discussing contract tracing in the context of influenza – a viral respiratory infection with a very similar mode of transmission to SARS-CoV-2 – the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) concluded that, “There is no obvious rationale for the routine use of contact tracing in the general population for control of pandemic influenza.” NONPHARMACEUTICAL MEASURES FOR PANDEMIC INFLUENZA IN NONHEALTHCARE SETTINGS—SOCIAL DISTANCING MEASURESThe Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention recommend ceasing contract tracing once sustained transmission is underway: Given that Australia’s case rates currently look like this… … it’s abundantly clear that we’re at Phase 4 of the epidemic and there is no longer any plausible rationale for contact tracing. Now, about that reply from Greg Betts. Mr Betts stated that the Federal government “base[s] their decisions on the advice of ATAGI” and referred to ATAGI as providing “trusted medical advice from experts in the field”. He failed to mention the dense web of conflicts of interest of ATAGI members that has been meticulously documented by the Informed Medical Options Party. Here are the highlights: - ATAGI chair Nigel Crawford is employed by Murdoch Children’s Research Institute which has received funding from vaccine manufacturers GSK, Janssen, Merck, Novavax, Sanofi and Sequiris, through the Vaccination and Immunisation Research Group. - Deputy chair Michelle Giles has received payments for travelling, accommodation and registration to a vaccine conference from Pfizer. - Co-chair Christopher Blyth has received funding from Pfizer. - Co-chair Allen Cheng is Director of Alfred Health, which has received payments from Merck, GSK, Gilead, Biocryst and George Clinical, all of which are involved in vaccine manufacturing. - Voting member Katie Flanagan has been involved in research projects funded by grants from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (which profits handsomely from vaccine sales by holding corporate stocks and bonds in vaccine manufacturers including Merck, Novartis, GSK and Sanofi, whilst dodging tax on its profits) and has received travel and speaker fees from vaccine manufacturers Pfizer, Sanofi and Seqirus. - Voting member Tom Snelling is Head of Infectious Disease and Implementation Research of Telethon Kids Institute, which is partnered with Johnson & Johnson, Roche, Pfizer, Novartis, GSK and Sanofi. - Ex-officio member Kristine Macartney is Director of the National Centre for Immunisation Reseasrch & Surveillance (NCIRS) which receives its core funding from the Federal government but also conducts vaccine industry-sponsored research. But yeah, apart from that you could totally trust ATAGI to give completely unbiased advice on vaccination. Let’s now take an in-depth look at ATAGI’s Statement on the Omicron variant and the timing of COVID-19 booster vaccination, published on 24 December 2021, to which Mr Betts referred me. This is going to be a long post, as the ATAGI statement is a mammoth exercise in bureaucratic bullsht, so hang in there with me. The statement opens by acknowledging that: “Preliminary data from large superspreading events in New South Wales involving younger people suggested that two doses of vaccine did not provide any significant protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection due to the Omicron variant.” So far so good… however, it then claims – without citing any source – that “Strong evidence has accumulated over the past two weeks to indicate that booster doses of COVID-19 vaccines are likely to increase protection against infection with the Omicron variant.” Well, I’ll give them full marks for creativity, if not for accuracy. When I read the phrase “increase protection”, I assume that it means “getting a third dose will reduce your risk of being infected with Omicron”, not “getting a third dose will reduce your risk of being infected with Omicron compared to getting two doses, but you’d actually have a lower risk if you didn’t get the vaccine at all”. But that’s precisely what both the UK and Danish data show. Remember, the ONS found that people who had received the booster had 4.45 times greater odds of being infected with Omicron than the unvaccinated, while those who had received two doses had 2.26 times greater odds. Meanwhile, analysis of the Danish data taking into account rates of single, double and triple vaccination calculates negative vaccine efficacy for all three: In case you haven’t already twigged, let me spell it out for you: “negative efficacy” means, quite simply, you’re more likely to get infected with the Omicron strain if you’ve been jabbed than if you weren’t. It’s just that having three shots doesn’t increase the likelihood as much as having two. That’s what ATAGI calls “increased protection”. Like I said, full marks for creative interpretation. Why did the UK data show increased risk of Omicron infection in the boosted compared to the double-jabbed, while the Danish data showed the converse? Probably because the Brits began their booster program in earnest earlier than the Danes… … and preliminary research has shown that initial protection against infection with the Omicron variant falls off a cliff within weeks, with vaccine effectiveness against Omicron being just 54.6% (little better than a coin flip) at 1-30 days after receipt of a Pfizer booster shot: Next, ATAGI rolls out that hoary old chestnut of “health system overload” in an attempt to justify further government meddling (euphemistically titled “enhanced public health and social measures”) in the long-predicted transitioning of SARS-CoV-2 into becoming the fifth endemic coronavirus: “Although some early data suggest that the risk of hospitalisation due to disease caused by the Omicron variant is lower than that with the Delta variant, this difference would not be enough to offset the impact of high case numbers on the health system.” I don’t know about you, but as far as I’m concerned, the medical-industrial complex that we laughably describe as a “health system” in this country has had almost two years to get its act together. If those running this system can’t figure out how to handle a surge of people with the fearsome signature Omicron symptoms of runny nose, headache, fatigue, sneezing and sore throat, perhaps they should get out of the way and let some real doctors take over – like Shankara Chetty (over 7000 patients treated in South Africa, zero hospitalisations and deaths), George Fareed and Brian Tyson (over 7000 patients treated in an economically deprived area of southern California, zero deaths in those who sought treatment in the first week of illness and only a handful of deaths in total), Peter McCullough (whose article on early treatment of COVID-19 became one of the most downloaded articles in the history of Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine), or Jackie Stone, who witnessed a 10-fold reduction in mortality after implementation of ivermectin for prevention and treatment of COVID-19 in Zimbabwe. And while they’re at it, they might like to stop using remdesivir, a failed experimental Ebola drug that killed more Ebola victims than the standard-of-care control treatment. The World Health Organisation (WHO) recommends against it: “WHO has issued a conditional recommendation against the use of remdesivir in hospitalized patients, regardless of disease severity, as there is currently no evidence that remdesivir improves survival and other outcomes in these patients… The evidence suggested no important effect on mortality, need for mechanical ventilation, time to clinical improvement, and other patient-important outcomes.” WHO RECOMMENDS AGAINST THE USE OF REMDESIVIR IN COVID-19 PATIENTSHowever, inexplicably, the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) has granted provisional approval for use in COVID-19, describing it as “the most promising treatment option so far to reduce hospitalisation time for those suffering from severe coronavirus infections” and claiming that it “offers the potential to reduce the strain on Australia’s health care system. By reducing recovery times patients will be able to leave hospital earlier, freeing beds for those in need.” Really. In any case, the notion that Australia’s hospitals are going to be overrun with Omicron patients is simply ludicrous, given the Danish data which show that only 0.7% of people who tested positive to Omicron (that’s 7 out of every 1000) were admitted to hospital and many of those either acquired it in hospital or were quite obviously admitted for treatment of some other condition and were incidentally found to test positive upon admission: ATAGI then goes on to disingenuously claim that “There are now reassuring data on the safety of early booster doses in tens of millions of people, with no new safety signals identified in the United Kingdom where more than 21 million booster doses have been delivered.” Well, I guess if you’re going to ignore the unprecedented safety signals identified by Dr Tess Lawrie, research consultant to the World Health Organisation and Cochrane Gynaecological Cancer Group and director of the Evidence-based Medicine Consultancy Ltd and EbMC Squared CiC, in her early analysis of the UK Yellow Card vaccine adverse event reporting system, you could indeed argue that there’s “no new safety signals” – it’s just more of the same bleeding, clotting, cardiac, inflammatory, autoimmune, allergic, neurological, gynaecological and obstetric adverse events as before. Shockingly, further along in the statement ATAGI shrugs off concerns about vaccine-induced myocarditis with the following statement, which I imagine is supposed to be reassuring: “Preliminary data from people who received a Pfizer booster vaccine at least 5 months after a Pfizer primary course suggest that the risk of myocarditis is not higher after the booster dose than after the second dose.” Is not higher. Which presumably means it isn’t any lower, or they would have said so. And that means ongoing risk for millions of healthy younger Australians who have virtually no danger of getting seriously ill from COVID-19 itself, but have been coerced into taking an mRNA COVID injection to keep their job, university enrolment or social life. And in fact, since the ATAGI statement was published, British researchers have released data which demonstrate that for males younger than 40, there is indeed a dramatic increase in the risk of developing myocarditis after a third or “booster” dose of the Pfizer injection, and this risk far outweighs the risk of developing myocarditis from infection with SARS-CoV-2. The British researchers examined data from over 42 million Britons over the age of 13, drawing on multiple databases tracking vaccination, SARS-CoV-2 infection status, hospital admissions and mortality. In other words, it was a huge and comprehensive study. The researchers found that for men under 40, testing positive to COVID-19 approximately doubled the risk of being diagnosed with myocarditis (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 2.02). In comparison, their risk of myocarditis went up by 66% over baseline risk with the first Pfizer shot, 241% with the second Pfizer shot and 660% with the third Pfizer shot (IRR 1.66, 3.41 and 7.60 respectively). For the Moderna shot, risk of myocarditis rose 134% with the first shot, and 1552% with the second (IRR 2.34 and 16.52 respectively). For the AstraZeneca shot, risk of myocarditis did not increase with the first shot but was 157% higher with the second shot (IRR 2.57). Even more importantly, buried in a supplementary table, the researchers disclose the death rates of people admitted to hospital for treatment of myocarditis within 1-28 days of either receiving a COVID-19 injection or testing positive for SARS-CoV-2. These death rates were: - 24.5% after the first AstraZeneca shot - 7.9% after the second AstraZeneca shot - 15% after the first Pfizer shot - 10.5% after the second Pfizer shot - 20.5% after the third Pfizer shot - 6.8% after testing positive for SARS-CoV-2. So much for COVID-19 itself being more dangerous than the injections, when it comes to myocarditis. Clearly, injection-related myocarditis is more deadly than infection-related myocarditis. Bear in mind also that a substantial percentage of those in the study had already had COVID-19 before they received a COVID-19 injection (ranging from 27% of people who got the Pfizer shot through to 45% of those who got the Moderna shot), and systemic adverse events are more common in people who get a COVID-19 injection after they have already recovered from infection with SARS-CoV-2 (see here, here and here). Unfortunately, the study authors did not tease out several relevant categories, which would help identify whether antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE – see below) or related phenomena are contributing to the occurrence and severity of myocarditis: - Myocarditis-related deaths in people who received a COVID-19 injection after recovering from COVID-19; - Myocarditis-related deaths in people who developed myocarditis during a breakthrough infection; - Myocarditis-related deaths in unvaccinated people who got infected with SARS-CoV-2. Until such investigations are done, it is the height of irresponsibility – indeed, it is arguably malfeasance – for ATAGI to recommend booster shots for all Australian adults. The statement continues: “ATAGI expects that booster vaccination alone will not be sufficient to avert a surge due to Omicron. However, maximising booster coverage by expanding eligibility and encouraging high uptake, in combination with enhanced public health and social measures, may prevent a large surge in case numbers, hospitalisations and deaths.” No, booster vaccination will most assuredly not avert a surge due to Omicron, no matter how high the uptake, as we can clearly see by examining the UK’s experience: highest new confirmed case count since the pandemic began, with 25,477,345 booster doses administered to a population of 68,430,562 [as of 6 January 2022], and 96% of sequenced cases now identified as Omicron: As for hospitalisations, South Africa (94% of sequenced samples now Omicron) is seeing falling hospitalisation rates despite not imposing any restrictions during the Omicron surge and having substantially less than half the vaccination rate of the UK: Deaths also remain low in both countries, regardless of their widely divergent vaccination status: Just in case you missed the significance of that last point, let me spell it out for you: Omicron caused a massive spike in cases in South Africa and is now that country’s overwhelmingly dominant variant, which clearly means that it is infecting both injected and uninjected individuals. However, with only 27% of the population double-jabbed and 5.1% single-jabbed, a relative handful of cases are severe enough to require hospitalisation, and the case fatality rate is lower than during any previous phase of the pandemic: ATAGI is playing fast and loose with the truth. Vaccination status has no bearing on mitigating the severity of the Omicron variant; it’s just an inherently benign variant, most likely because it has mutated to preferentially infect the upper airways – which are out of reach of the blood-borne antibodies induced by COVID-19 injections – while replicating poorly in the lungs, where it could be neutralised by those injection-induced antibodies: Viral replication kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 variants in ex vivo cultures of human respiratory tract. Human ex vivo cultures of bronchus and lung were infected with 5×105 TCID50/mL at 37°C. Virus released in the culture supernatants were measured over time by TCID50 assay. a, c. Viral replication kinetics of wild-type (WT), D614G, Alpha and Beta in human ex vivo cultures of bronchus and lung. b, d. Viral replication kinetics of wild-type (WT), Delta and Omicron in human ex vivo cultures of bronchus and lung. The horizontal dotted line denotes the limit of detection in the TCID50 assay. Bar-charts show the geometric mean (n=6) (SD). Statistics were performed using Two-way ANOVA followed by a Tukey’s multiple-comparison test. p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.001, **p<0.0001. e, f. Viral titers from a to d are depicted as area under the curve (AUC). Bar-charts show the geometric mean (n=6) (SD). Statistics were performed using One-way ANOVA followed by a Tukey’s multiple-comparison test. p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.001, ***p<0.0001.These properties of Omicron make it substantially more infectious than previous variants, but also substantially less dangerous. Moving onto recommendations, ATAGI urges expanding the availability of booster doses to all adults aged over 18, and shortening the minimum interval between second and third doses from five months to four months and then to three months. Its justification for this recommendation is that: “An earlier booster dose is expected to reduce the risk of symptomatic infection, severe illness and death from COVID-19. In combination with enhanced public health and social measures, it is also expected to mitigate the impacts of COVID-19 on the health system and its the broader impacts on the community.” Take a moment to reflect on that. With absolutely zero real-world evidence that booster doses have any benefit to reducing infections, hospitalisations or deaths, but merely on the wing and prayer of its “expectations”, ATAGI now wants every man and woman in this country to be rejabbed after 3 months, and potentially every 3 months after that, ad infinitum, with a product that does not prevent infection with, nor transmission of, the Omicron variant (or the Delta variant, for that matter). Not only is there no evidence of benefit of this strategy, there is also no evidence of its safety. Aside from the deluge of adverse event reports that dwarfs those of any previous vaccine, there are significant concerns about repeatedly revaccinating large swaths of the population which have not yet been addressed by scientific research, including but not limited to: - High-zone tolerance, which in essence results in the immune system being rendered incapable of responding to a particular viral antigen, because it has been exposed to a large dose of that antigen – for example through either mRNA or viral vector vaccines – that shuts down the immune cells specific to the antigen. The result would be unchecked infection with SARS-CoV-2, and possibly, other closely-related coronaviruses. - Original antigenic sin, which is a type of “programming” of the immune system by its first exposure to a particular antigen. When it subsequently encounters a similar pathogen, it attempts to respond using the same strategy as it used to defeat the first pathogen, but this response will be ineffective if the new pathogen has evolved different strategies to establish infection. All COVID-19 injections are based on the original Wuhan strain of SARS-CoV-2, which is now extinct, having been replaced by a series of variants with increasingly numerous mutations. If “programmed” by the injection to only combat the Wuhan strain, the immune system may be incapable of defending the body against significantly different variants. - Antibody-dependent enhancement, in which a vaccine can “prime” the immune system to produce an excessive inflammatory response when subsequently exposed to the pathogen, causing organ damage and potentially, death. Antibody-dependent enhancement has scuttled all previous attempts to develop vaccines for both human and animal coronaviruses. In the absence of evidence that these aberrant immune responses to repeated revaccination will not occur, ATAGI’s recommendation is highly irresponsible. The precautionary principle – which holds that the onus to prove an intervention is safe is on those recommending the intervention – has been completely abandoned by these so-called “medical experts”. ATAGI further recommends that: “Pregnant women aged 18 or older who received their primary COVID-19 vaccination course ≥ 4 months ago are recommended to have a booster dose. When practical and in line with the broader community, this interval should be brought forward to 3 months.” ATAGI recommends using either the Pfizer or Moderna products as booster doses. Yet the product information for the Pfizer injection (“Cominarty”), hosted on TGA’s website, states the following: “There is limited experience with use of COMIRNATY in pregnant women… Administration of COMIRNATY in pregnancy should only be considered when the potential benefits outweigh any potential risks for the mother and fetus.” The wording of the Moderna injection (“Spikevax”) product information in relation to pregnancy is virtually identical. ATAGI stresses the urgency of booster doses for people whose work brings them in close contact with individuals who are vulnerable to severe outcomes from SARS-CoV-2 infection, because these “workers may transmit the virus to others with increased risk of severe disease, such as aged/disability care facilities”. But there is abundant evidence that people with breakthrough infections (i.e. infection after vaccination) transmit SARS-CoV-2 as readily as unvaccinated people who become infected. The CDC openly acknowledges this: “CDC expects that anyone with Omicron infection can spread the virus to others, even if they are vaccinated or don’t have symptoms.” And, buried further down in their statement, ATAGI itself admits that: “The effectiveness of a booster dose to prevent onward transmission of Omicron from infected persons, and the duration of protection afforded by a booster are currently unclear.” In other words, their advice is based on nothing but wishful thinking. There is simply no scientific rationale for recommending boosters of a product that does not reduce the risk of virus transmission to health care workers, or indeed any other category of people, and it is indefensible for ATAGI to make such a recommendation without providing supporting evidence of both efficacy and safety. ATAGI goes on to claim that: “Strong evidence suggests that booster doses of COVID-19 vaccines may enhance protection against symptomatic disease due to the Omicron variant. This is primarily based on in vitro [literally “in glass”, meaning not in a living body] studies of neutralising antibodies demonstrating that the decreased binding seen with the Omicron variant compared with ancestral strains can be overcome by increasing antibody concentrations with a booster dose. Multiple studies have shown a 2 to >20-fold decrease in neutralising antibody titre against Omicron compared with wild type and/or Delta variant in sera after the primary vaccination course. Studies demonstrate that neutralising antibody titres are higher against Omicron following a booster dose of an mRNA vaccine.” However, as mentioned above, the Omicron variant preferentially infects the mucous membranes of the upper airways, and the neutralising antibodies referred to by ATAGI do not reach this site. Only secretory IgA, an antibody class that is produced by lymphocytes that reside just below the mucous membranes, is capable of neutralising a virus that has infected these membranes. No vaccine that is administered intramuscularly – bypassing the normal route of entry of a respiratory virus – is capable of inducing secretory IgA. COVID-19 injections cannot prevent symptomatic disease induced by a variant that almost exclusively colonises the upper airways, and it is simply inexcusable for ATAGI to torture data from in vitro studies into confessing that they likely will. Whose interests does ATAGI serve?The advice issued to the Federal government by ATAGI clearly favours the interests of the vaccine industry rather than the health and well-being of Australians. ATAGI overstates (and in fact blatantly misrepresents) the claimed but unproven benefits of booster doses of COVID-19 injections – products which have clearly failed to deliver on their promise to “end the pandemic” – and cavalierly downplays the very real risk of harm, both in terms of vaccine adverse reactions and the potentially catastrophic derangements of immune function that could potentially be induced by repeated revaccination, as described above. Politicians, who almost invariably lack scientific training, are easily duped by such advice, which more often than not aligns with the policy directions that they favour as a result of intense lobbying activities by the pharmaceutical industry. COVID-19 vaccine manufacturers have pulled out all stops in their lobbying efforts to have their products approved in Australia, and no wonder – they have a government-guaranteed market, zero advertising costs, and total legal indemnity from being sued if their products harm or kill anyone who takes them. While politicians scramble for both political advantage and personal favours from deep-pocketed lobbyists, and vaccine manufacturers stuff their coffers with taxpayer-funded, liability-free profits, the big loser is the Australian public which has been railroaded into accepting ineffective and unsafe products whilst being denied evidence-based early treatment with safe, cheap, generic drugs and nutraceuticals. And so, Mr Greg Betts, Electorate Officer for Karen Andrews, I do not agree that ATAGI’s statements constitute “trusted medical advice from experts in the field”. Instead, they are a tissue of misrepresentations, distortions, strategic omissions and outright lies. Prove me wrong.	0.5991	FineWeb	1. COVID-19 Vaccination Efficacy 2. ATAGI Statements and Recommendations 3. Vaccine Safety Concerns
Schlumberger Foundation Awards Announcement for the 2023-2024 Faculty for the Future Fellowships The Schlumberger Foundation is an independent nonprofit entity that supports science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education. Since its inception, the Foundation has focused on funding a variety of programs in scientific educational all over the world. Recognizing the link between science, technology, and socioeconomic development as well as the role of education in realizing individual potential, we developed Faculty for the Future, our flagship program. This community of women in STEM from developing countries grows every year, and is connecting via Forums, both online and in-person. Faculty for the Future The program’s long-term goal is to accelerate gender equality in STEM by generating conditions that result in more women pursuing scientific careers through alleviating some of the barriers they encounter when enrolling in STEM disciplines. The program is committed to gender parity in science in the interests of sustainable development and recognizes that full access to and participation in a STEM curriculum is essential for the empowerment of women and girls. By accelerating gender equality in STEM, the talent and capacities of these women can be developed for the benefit of their local communities, regions and nations. The program awards fellowships for advanced research in STEM at leading research institutes abroad. Faculty for the Future Fellows are expected to return to their home countries upon completion of their studies to contribute to the economic, social and technological advancement of their home regions by strengthening the STEM teaching and research faculties of their home institutions as well as through their leadership in science-based entrepreneurship. They are also expected to contribute to the public sector where their newly acquired technical and scientific skills can help provide evidence-based support for STEM policy making, including topics of gender representation. This program acts as a catalyst for these women to further tap into their potential. Through heightened motivation, sharpened self-awareness and a lasting passion for science they in turn capture the imagination of other women and girls around them to regard scientific pursuits as a necessary means towards advancement and growth. Since its launch in 2004, 863 women from 90 countries have received Faculty for the Future fellowships for PhD and Post-Doctorate STEM research programs. Through interactive online tools and in-person meetings, the program provides a platform for these women to take joint action in identifying and unravelling the impediments that are holding back equal opportunities in STEM education and careers in their local communities and home countries.	0.6989	FineWeb	1. Schlumberger Foundation 2. Faculty for the Future Fellowships 3. STEM Education
Orlando, Florida, is a city that sparkles with culture, architecture, and a unique blend of natural beauty and modern infrastructure. From the towering skyscrapers of the downtown district to the charming historical buildings, the city boasts a rich and diverse tapestry of structures. However, Orlando’s subtropical climate, marked by high humidity, occasional storms, and abundant rainfall, can lead to the accumulation of dirt, grime, mold, and other contaminants on building exteriors. If you’re a property owner or manager in Orlando, you understand the significance of maintaining the appearance and structural integrity of your buildings. In this unique blog post, we’ll embark on a journey to explore the art of choosing the right building cleaning contractor in Orlando, FL, and why this decision is instrumental in preserving the city’s architectural beauty. Orlando’s Charisma: Where Beauty Meets Climate Orlando’s charm lies in its ability to juxtapose modern architecture with lush, natural surroundings. From sleek skyscrapers to quaint historical buildings, the city boasts an eclectic mix of structures. However, this beautiful diversity comes with a cost. Orlando’s climate, characterized by high humidity, occasional hurricanes, and abundant rainfall, can cause unsightly problems such as algae growth, mildew, and dirt accumulation on building exteriors. The result is a constant battle to maintain the aesthetic appeal of the city’s structures. Building Cleaning: The Orlando Solution Building cleaning, often referred to as pressure washing, is a powerful tool in the hands of experts. This process involves using high-pressure water to remove dirt, grime, mold, mildew, and other contaminants from building surfaces. In Orlando, this service is not just about aesthetics; it’s about preserving the structural integrity of buildings. Here’s why choosing the right building cleaning contractor is essential: 1. Mold and Mildew Prevention: Mold and mildew thrive in Orlando’s humid climate. These organisms can not only mar the appearance of your building but also eat away at its structure. Regular building cleaning removes existing growth and helps prevent future infestations. 2. Environmental Impact: The accumulation of dirt and grime on buildings can lead to more significant environmental problems. Pollutants from these surfaces can flow into nearby water bodies, harming the environment. Building cleaning helps mitigate these concerns. 3. Enhanced Property Value: A clean building is an attractive one. If you’re a property owner, regular building cleaning can boost your property’s curb appeal and potentially increase its value. 4. Extended Lifespan: By removing contaminants that contribute to the degradation of building materials, such as paint, wood, and concrete, building cleaning can extend the lifespan of your property. Choosing the Right Building Cleaning Contractor Selecting the right building cleaning contractor is a decision that can significantly impact the maintenance and longevity of your property. Here are essential considerations to help you make an informed choice: 1. Experience: Look for a contractor with a proven track record in providing high-quality building cleaning services in the Orlando area. Experienced contractors understand the specific challenges posed by Orlando’s climate. 2. Equipment and Techniques: Ensure that the contractor employs state-of-the-art equipment and proven cleaning techniques. The right tools and methods are essential for achieving a thorough and effective clean. 3. Eco-Friendly Practices: Environmental responsibility is crucial. Opt for a contractor who uses eco-friendly cleaning solutions and follows sustainable practices. This not only protects the environment but also ensures the longevity of your building materials. 4. Safety Protocols: Building cleaning can be a complex and sometimes risky task. Ensure the contractor follows strict safety protocols to protect the well-being of their workers and the safety of your property. Building Cleaning Methods Professional building cleaning contractors use various methods to rejuvenate building exteriors: - Pressure Washing: High-pressure water is used to remove dirt, grime, mold, and contaminants from building surfaces. - Soft Washing: For delicate surfaces like stucco or painted wood, soft washing uses lower water pressure combined with environmentally-friendly cleaning solutions. - Steam Cleaning: Steam cleaning is effective for removing stubborn stains, oil, or grease from surfaces. The Building Cleaning Process A typical building cleaning process involves several crucial steps: 1. Assessment: The building cleaning contractor will assess the condition of your building’s exterior to determine the appropriate cleaning method. 2. Preparation: Surrounding areas will be prepared to protect sensitive items, landscaping, and architectural details from cleaning solutions. 3. Cleaning: The building’s exterior will be cleaned using the chosen method, removing contaminants and restoring its appearance. 4. Rinsing: After cleaning, a thorough rinsing is essential to remove all cleaning agents and contaminants. 5. Final Inspection: The contractor will conduct a final inspection to ensure the building’s exterior meets the highest standards of cleanliness and safety. Conclusion: Preserving Orlando’s Architectural Beauty In Orlando, the buildings are not just structures; they are an integral part of the city’s identity and charm. Choosing the right building cleaning contractor in Orlando, FL, is a commitment to preserving the architectural beauty of the city and ensuring that its beauty endures for generations to come. Investing in professional building cleaning services is an investment in your property’s longevity, aesthetics, and environmental responsibility. It’s a way to ensure that your building continues to shine, even under the challenging conditions of Orlando’s climate. The art of building cleaning is not just about appearances; it’s about preserving the city’s rich history and architectural diversity. So, let the professionals take care of your building, and contribute to the preservation of Orlando’s architectural beauty, one clean facade at a time.	0.9746	FineWeb	* Building Cleaning * Choosing a Contractor * Building Maintenance
As Curiosity makes progress through a long list of First-Time Activities (FTAs), the certification of much of the core sample processing capability has embodied the caution and incrementalism we use to dilute complexity and risk. In pursuit of this FTA, from sols 60 to 99, Curiosity remained immobile - though by no means inactive - at the Rocknest site, in what must appear from the outside an agonizingly slow pace of operations. In partial rebuttal (for, to be honest, I feel this agony myself), and to give some context, the arm Rover Motion Counter (RMC) in the Rocknest site frame alone ended up a proud 4808. As it increments at the start and end of each arm move, we commanded single joint or compound movement of the arm 2404 times. By comparison, at the end of the nearly yearlong, storied journey Opportunity made through Victoria Crater, the counter for their arm (or Instrument Deployment Device) stood at 2303 (courtesy of the indefatigable MER and MSL veteran Vandi Tompkins). Noting that MER's counter increments only once for each arm move, it can still be said with some conviction that we kept busy at Rocknest. Notwithstanding any numeric measure of complexity, there were constraints and surprises that together conspired to contribute to the length of our stay. Here I attempt to provide an engineer’s description of Curiosity's first sample acquisition and processing activities on Mars. First, for those entirely unfamiliar with Curiosity's Surface Sampling and Science (SSS) hardware, including CHIMRA and the robotic arm, refer to Daniel Limonadi's introduction here. CHIMRA scoops and processes sample, as acquired from either the drill or scoop, and is situated on the turret at the end of the arm. It contains the scoop, the two paper-thin sieves (one with 150um and one with 1mm holes, for the two different sample processing paths), vibrating (vibing) and thwacking mechanisms, and several passages and partitions. In concert, these are used to portion and drop sample to the instruments or the observation tray and to clean up as best we can afterwards for the next sample. It's quite a neat bit of engineering, interacting as it must with a wide variety of sample with properties that can't be fully known. It performs its many functions robustly and in a tight volume, with as few actuators as possible. There's a great paper by the original CogE (Cognizant engineer) and chief designer about the challenges and considerations that went into its design, as well as more detailed description of its operation and the two sample paths, here (PDF). Another great paper with a broader view of the sampling chain can be found here (PDF). Malcontents who like their details gory, rejoice, and I'll save myself the trouble. One detail is worth distilling, however. The end product of CHIMRA's labors - an aliquot, or single portion of sample - is a mere 50mg or so (see here for a view of the 150μm path’s portion hole). This amount is adequate in relation to the size of the instrument hardware that ultimately holds sample for analysis. However, it makes more challenging the task of guaranteeing that a prepared portion actually drops into an instrument funnel intact, most notably in the presence of wind and possible arm placement inaccuracy, among other potential sources of loss. On that note, as a necessary prelude to describing how we scoop, we digress briefly into a description of the arm and its accuracy. Curiosity's 5-degree-of-freedom arm (comprised of azimuth, elevation, elbow, wrist and turret actuators) has accuracy limitations that are a function of gearbox backlash, thermal expansion, and mechanical deflection of the upper arm and forearm in supporting the ~30kg turret, in addition to the other ~70kg of arm hardware. These are all modeled by onboard flight software in placing the arm and were characterized extensively through the use of metrology at our test facilities at JPL in ATLO (Assembly Test and Launch Operations). That process calibrated the uncertainty in the model, as expressed in several bins. Absolute attitudinal and positional accuracy describe the error in aligning and placing a tool frame at the commanded target in Cartesian space. Relative accuracy describes the error in commanding a relative position change. Absolute repeatability describes the variance as we command back to the same target. So, there's a component of total system accuracy that lives with the arm. Another component is our ability to accurately resolve the terrain. These surface meshes are typically created with stereo pairs of the NavCam and HazCam photos (though MAHLI and the Mastcams are capable of some beautiful color meshes as well, and HiRise meshes also exist). Anyone who’s seen an RSVP animation (Rover Sequencing and Visualization Program) has seen these meshes composing the terrain. Here is an example. Predictably, there is some inaccuracy here as well. The arm and terrain mesh components of inaccuracy are additive in the ability to place a tool or instrument on the turret at an absolute distance relative to a feature on the terrain. When we scoop, we place the arm at a commanded location above the surface and then move the scoop about its axis in an arc. The arm remains stationary, as its actuators are much more powerful than that of the scoop and could do physical damage to the scoop hardware. You can also the arm in position for our fifth bite at Rocknest in this Hazcam photo: We enforce an allowed range on the depth of a scoop's bite into regolith; too shallow, and we don't have enough sample; too deep, and some unlikely though conceivable hardware risks present, which are however esoteric enough that I'll gloss right over them. Suffice it to say, the window is fairly small, on the order of a couple of centimeters. It was smaller still for our initial acquisitions, which were bound for an activity meant to decontaminate the internal surfaces of CHIMRA. For these scoops, a greater quantity of sample is required, and our minimum bite depth was larger. In fact, the window is smaller than the three-sigma arm/terrain system inaccuracy described above. We close our budget in another fashion, by using MaHLI as a rangefinder. Like the MastCams, MaHLI can make use of autofocus. Essentially, it takes many pictures at different commanded focus settings and compresses them. The resulting size of each of the compressed images is plotted onboard against the motor focus count for those images, and the setting resulting in the interpolated peak size is taken to be best in focus. An image is then taken at that setting. In other words, blurry pictures compress to a smaller size than focused ones. Calibration curves exist that map motor focus counts to focus distance. On the ground, we use that focus distance to tell how far away the MaHLI tool frame actually was - in an arm configuration and backlash regime similar to that when we're in position to scoop. Based on this we adjust from what our commanded offset would otherwise have been. Note that there is a bit of uncertainty even in this method, as the turret instruments are mounted on wire isolators meant to dampen vibration, and these contain some hysteresis. However, the accuracy is quite good at close range, and the cautious initial deployments at Rocknest have turned out very nicely. Here's a few good shots of MaHLI, mounted on its wire isolators: As an aside, the turret-mounted APXS contains a contact sensor (a spring loaded plate with a contact switch) for sensing the surface. We make use of it regularly on rock targets, but have not deployed on unconsolidated regolith of the sort we look for when scooping, though we have deployed on "proven" regolith conditioned by the ground pressure of the wheels, on sol 89. MSL's APXS contact sensor shares design heritage with the Mars Exploration Rover Mössbauer spectrometer contact sensor, which has seen use on unproven regolith, but it requires a somewhat higher ground pressure to trip. As the scoop completes its arc, it creates a bow wave of sample that typically ends with a larger quantity of sample in the scoop than we desire, if we didn't just kiss our minimum bite depth. In this context, a larger quantity than desired means that it meets or exceeds the CHIMRA design volume (a threshold related to how we prepare a portion) or, more fundamentally, is a quantity for which we don't have much experience testing. In other words, we attempt to instill some consistency into how much sample is ingested. This has an effect on how sample packs in the portion tube and how we manage and store it for contact science (the placement of APXS and MaHLI) and even for driving. Caching sample for driving allows for more efficient, opportunistic and interspersed dropoff to the instruments, letting SAM and Chemin sip from the cup now and again if they’ve not had their fill, allowing scientists to analyze their data in parallel as we make progress driving elsewhere. At Rocknest, much of this analysis had to happen serially – and for the first time – and many sols were spent on it, with the inevitable hiccups that were purely additive to the schedule. The way we arrive at this more measured amount of sample is by "vibing to level". With a set of short vibe pulses (vibes of a couple seconds, barely hitting their target rates), we remove excess sample to level the amount in the scoop. Here are good pictures of the state before and after this process here. Below is a video of sample churning in the scoop as part of our first diagnostic here: This behavior had varied in our two sample test venues (one is a full-scale rover mockup operated at ambient, the other is an environmental test chamber with a different arm) and is fundamentally non-linear. However, it ended up remarkably well-behaved and reasonably repeatable on Mars. It is well worth noting that this environmental testing is part of an entire parallel campaign at JPL called Qualification Model Dirty Testing (QMDT) with a team including many original designers that continues to work feverishly to scoop and drill a wide array of plausible materials under more realistic pressure, humidity and temperature (and to a certain extent electrostatic) conditions. Their characterization testing has informed most of the system sample processing architecture, as sample flows unrealistically at Earth ambient conditions compared to those of Mars. Vibe dynamics (which plays a significant role in how sample flows and packs) are somewhat tricky. One of our commissioning phase activities attempted to characterize vibe dynamics in a couple of critical poses for comparison, to confirm that the behavior on Mars was not too dissimilar from our experience here on Earth. We don't have accelerometers on the turret, so we read the tea leaves of vibe actuator current plots over a set of ascending voltage step functions, looking for discontinuities indicative of resonant peaks. The vibe pulses help us to discretize the leveling and tend to remove sample more predictably, reducing the impact of variability in dynamics. Vibe dynamics depend primarily on vibe rate and arm orientation (and by extension the axis of rotation of the vibe actuator relative to the arm, as vibe is induced by a spinning eccentric mass). As such it is infinitely variable. On Earth, we acclimate our ears to this range, and speak of "well-behaved vibe" (something like a raspy blender) and "naughty vibe" (something like a lilting two–stroke motor). There's a pretty wide spectrum with a number of variations on the theme. For our first four scoops (but not for the fifth), we enforced a conservative ground-in-the-loop process before closing the scoop, assessing images to confirm that we didn't have pebbles on the lip or in the scoop and that our scoop sample volume was appropriate. This self-imposed cycle cut the day’s arm activities short and contributed another component to the length of our stay (driven to a large extent as it was by fully completing a set of arm activities). Furthermore, the amount of arm activity per sol is still modest, at a few hours or so a day. In large part, this imposes a ceiling on perceived complexity, to which many in the review process are sensitive, especially for first-time activities. But there were additional constraints that tended to pare a sol’s activity to size. Every day, each command has to be reviewed three times along the way in the sol’s planning cycle. We always plan around our one to several Odyssey and/or Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter afternoon communications passes, during which other activity stops. These passes can be variable in number and spacing with each new sol and make robustness to sol slips and any sort of activity packaging optimization a challenge. Conservative projected actuator heating windows mean we only start arm ops near mid-sol currently. Cleanup windows and duration margins have to be allotted for each comm pass and sleep/wake cycle. Margined power budgets can sometimes cut arm activity short, especially when performing instrument analyses overnight, which is otherwise a period of battery recharge. As we often were taking images, suitable lighting dictated that we could not operate into the early evening. The conservative use of windows for dropoff with the least disadvantageous wind effects also tended to limit the day’s arm activities. There were several additional ground-in-the-loop cycles for some planned and unplanned activities. In addition, I’ve not even scratched the surface of all the science activities, which had their own set of constraints that had to be interwoven with those of the engineering activities, with some sols at Rocknest allotted entirely to instrument checkouts and prep, or remote or contact science. Decontamination of the polished interior surfaces of CHIMRA was a primary purpose and consumer of time at Rocknest. Terrestrial organic contaminants composed of fine particulates in the air are deposited in even the best of clean rooms here on Earth. Those remaining attached through launch and EDL loads require additional stimulus for removal. That stimulus is essentially an extended period of contact with vibrating sample, in turn on all the amenable facets of CHIMRA's interior. Contaminants are scrubbed loose to be swept away and diluted into sample dumped to the side of the rover. Reducing the concentration of these particles in this decontamination activity helps to prevent subsequent, undesirable removal into sample bound for an instrument during our nominal sample preparation activities, which also make use of significant amounts of vibe. The SAM instrument is extremely sensitive, and without the steps we took, our models indicated that we could far exceed their threshold for allowed contamination. These models were calibrated by swab tests in ATLO, projected outgassing and other effects during launch, cruise and descent, and empirical testing of contaminant transfer coefficients under vibing sample. (Note that CHIMRA’s interior surfaces are but one of several potential vectors for introduction of contamination into SAM). Not only did we perform this activity once, we executed it three times to meet our target, with interstitial thwacks to further help clear loosened contaminants. These three iterations, from acquisition to the cleaning and imaging performed at the end of a cycle, took nearly 20 hours of execution time (performed across 10 or so nonconsecutive sols). And this bespoke activity was about as complex from a commanding and sample management perspective as our entire nominal sample process chain, which has been in work for years. Finally, we spent many sols acquiring the fifth scoop and dropping to SAM repeatedly, again to Chemin, and to the observation tray for APXS and MaHLI analysis. It adds up. As part of the dectontamination activity, on sols 64 and 78 we actually took two videos with the left Mastcam of sample falling from the portion tube, up high and to the port side of the rover where we could see, as opposed to directly over the inlet covers. They were taken at about 9 to 10 frames per second (frame rate is a function of several factors, and this particular rate is a product of some compromises). The videos include an annotation of the location and sizing of the instrument funnels relative to the portion hole (with lateral placement uncertainty in the arm in yellow), as well as a diff of each frame against the average across the video. You see the portion door opening, followed several seconds later by the start of vibe (as the turret starts to shake more, around 0:17). The shape of the portion hole has what we call a slight "inverse flower plot" conical shape to it (the hole is 3mm in diameter at its top, and 4mm at its base), which is meant to help encourage the formation of a plug of sample (as can be seen in the first drop). The idea is that the more the sample acts like a single body as it falls, the more favorable the square/cube relationship of drag force to inertial resistance; in other words, the finer the particle, the easier it is to blow away. Interestingly, the behavior across drops was somewhat different. In the first drop (our first prepared portion, with clean surfaces prior, on sol 64) sample did not drop until vibe was turned on; in the second (sol 78), sample started to drop as soon as the portion door was opened. Subsequent characterization tests of sample behavior over the O-tray appear to have reverted to the original behavior in which sample only dropped when vibe was turned on. Sample dropoff is not a closed-loop process (there are no scales, cameras or photodiodes to document and quantify sample dropoff behavior). Aside from the presence of a signal in the science analysis itself, we have little to gauge success or calibrate a mass budget, but we do what we can with these diagnostics. For SAM in particular this is important, as the mass we drop off feeds directly into the quantification of absolute species concentrations in the sample. One of the surprises of our scoop campaign was the presence of FOD (Foreign Object Debris) in the final context image we took of our first scoop, barely visible in the lower center-right here. It was subsequently imaged with MAHLI and deemed to be some polymeric debris from MSL, though competing theories existed as to its origins. A leading theory was that it came from the descent stage separation process (in which many cables are cut and debris generation is expected). It could then have been sequestered on the rover, perhaps somewhere on the arm/turret (which is replete with hiding places), until a particular arm orientation and/or perhaps the stimulus of vibe allowed it to be freed. Before continuing, we had to go through this diagnosis process (which included a far greater number of hypotheses) and convince mission managers that what we were seeing was not a part of any rover hardware that had an ongoing function (as if, say, those first few blurred pixels had obscured a screw). This added several days to our time at Rocknest. In addition, with this added sensitivity, the appearance in the second scoop trench of a light-colored particle resulted in dumping that scoop to perform an investigation. Subsequent MaHLI images indicated that the particle had been embedded and not deposited and hence was Martian, possibly a feldspar phenocryst. This cost us another couple Sols. Potential contamination is taken very seriously for an instrument as sensitive as SAM. Another "surprise" was the extent to which we were typically unable to keep dropped sample from walking off the flat, smooth observation tray. The observation tray is used to assess sample properties against a known background – commercially pure titanium – typically prior to dropping to an instrument. We have seen some similar behavior in testing on Earth, though it was much less pronounced, and hence the surprise was one of degree. CHIMRA’s vibration is transmitted through the arm and into the chassis. It can be felt by touch even at the wheels. On the observation tray its effect is seen especially as we quickly ramp up to our target rate at the start of vibe and down at the end, through the resonant frequency of the bracket attaching the observation tray to the chassis. Some time at Rocknest was spent dropping several additional portions using a nominal strategy, and returning to drop more using a characterization strategy in which we backed away and took Mastcam images at key points to see how sample had behaved. We also dropped to the observation tray a larger-than-standard portion (where this standard is the amount dropped to instruments) intended for APXS analysis. Note that the rover tilt at Rocknest was only 4.9 degrees, a fraction of the 20-degree design requirement for sample processing. All in all, I think we had expected Mars to draw more blood than it has, though the fun has just begun, with drilling on the near horizon. In 39 sols we accomplished a fair amount, and with a minimum of avoidable error. (There were no faults or command error recoveries in SSS mechanism operation at Rocknest, across thousands of commands). That's a testament to the quality and ingenuity of those who designed and operate Curiosity, a remarkable group of people on most days. The epitaph to our lengthy sojourn at Rocknest was this. To avoid rocks and optimize the behavior of visual odometry, mobility rover planners did drive over and erase nearly all evidence of the scoops we took there. Fortunately, few of us are afflicted with any great amount of sentimentalism, least of all the rover drivers, for whom deigning to preserve a few subtle bites amidst their cacophony of tread marks seemed aesthetically absurd. To each his own, and we look forward to repopulating the surface in the future. Thanks to Dan Limonadi, Emily Lakdawalla, Vandi Tompkins and Guy Webster for their gracious help and edits. Any questions are welcome.	0.5195	FineWeb	1. Curiosity Rover's Surface Sampling and Science (SSS) hardware 2. Arm and scoop operation on Mars 3. Sample processing and decontamination activities at Rocknest site
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Introduction to Chronic Pain: What Is It? Chronic pain is a debilitating condition that affects millions of people around the world. Defined as pain that persists or recurs for more than 12 weeks, chronic pain can be caused by a variety of conditions such as arthritis, nerve damage, fibromyalgia, and cancer. Symptoms can range from mild to severe and can affect different parts of the body. Common symptoms include fatigue, sleep disturbances, depression, and difficulty concentrating. Unfortunately, there is no one-size-fits-all approach to treating chronic pain. Treatment options vary depending on the individual’s condition and needs. Medications are often prescribed to help manage chronic pain but they come with their own set of risks and side effects. Physical therapy can also help reduce symptoms in some cases while lifestyle changes such as exercise and diet may also provide relief. Alternative therapies like acupuncture have also been found to be effective in some cases. It is important for those suffering from chronic pain to find a treatment plan that works for them and that addresses all aspects of their condition – physical, emotional, and mental. Support from family members and friends is also crucial in helping individuals cope with the daily challenges of living with chronic pain. With proper management and care, individuals can lead full lives despite their condition. Understanding Chronic Pain: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment Chronic pain is defined as any type of pain that lasts for an extended period of time, usually more than three months. It can be caused by a variety of factors such as injury, disease, inflammation or nerve damage. Common symptoms include persistent dull ache, throbbing, burning sensation or sharp stabbing pains. These symptoms can differ from person to person depending on the cause and severity of the condition. Treatment for chronic pain depends on the underlying cause and may involve medication, physical therapy or lifestyle changes such as exercise and stress management techniques. Alternative treatments such as acupuncture and massage therapy are also available to help manage chronic pain. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to address the underlying cause of the chronic pain. It’s important to remember that there is no one-size-fits-all approach when it comes to managing chronic pain. Working with your doctor or healthcare provider is key in finding a treatment plan that works best for you and your lifestyle. With proper diagnosis and treatment, you can take back control over your life and live without the burden of chronic pain. How Can I Manage My Chronic Pain? Chronic pain is a long-term and persistent type of discomfort that can be caused by various factors. It’s important to understand the definition of chronic pain in order to manage it effectively. Managing chronic pain requires a combination of treatments, such as physical therapy, medication, lifestyle changes and alternative therapies. Here are some suggestions on how you can manage your chronic pain: • Physical Therapy: Strengthening the muscles around the affected area can help reduce pain and improve mobility. It can also help with posture and balance. • Medication: Over-the-counter medications like ibuprofen or acetaminophen, as well as prescription drugs like opioids or muscle relaxants may be prescribed to help manage chronic pain. • Lifestyle Changes: Stress management techniques like yoga or meditation, getting regular exercise, eating a healthy diet and getting enough sleep are all important for managing chronic pain. • Alternative Therapies: Acupuncture, massage therapy, biofeedback and aromatherapy may also be beneficial in managing chronic pain. It’s important to talk to your doctor about the best treatment plan for you. With the right combination of treatments, you can find relief from your chronic pain and get back to living life! The Impact of Chronic Pain on the Body and Mind What Is The Definition Of Chronic Pain? Chronic pain is a long-term and persistent type of discomfort that can be caused by various factors. It can range from mild to severe and last for weeks, months or even years. Managing chronic pain requires a combination of treatments, such as physical therapy, medication, lifestyle changes and alternative therapies. It’s important to talk to your doctor about the best treatment plan for you. The Impact of Chronic Pain on the Body and Mind Chronic pain can have a significant effect on both your physical and mental health: • Muscle tension • Decreased quality of life • Increased risk of developing other health problems such as heart disease or diabetes • Cognitive difficulties including impaired concentration and memory loss • Changes in brain structure and function over time These effects can make it difficult to complete daily activities or enjoy life. It’s important to take steps to manage your chronic pain so that you can live a full life. Talk to your doctor about the best treatment plan for you, which may include physical therapy, medication, lifestyle changes and alternative therapies. Treatments and Therapies for Managing Chronic Pain What is the definition of chronic pain? Chronic pain is a long-term and persistent type of discomfort that can be caused by various factors, ranging from mild to severe, and lasting for weeks, months or even years. When it comes to managing chronic pain, there are several treatments and therapies available. Here are some of the most common: • Medication: Opioids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used to reduce pain. • Physical therapy: Strengthening muscles and improving flexibility can help reduce pain. • Acupuncture: This traditional Chinese medicine involves inserting thin needles into the skin at specific points to release energy blockages. • Massage therapy: Relaxing tense muscles and improving circulation can help manage chronic pain. • Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT): This form of psychotherapy helps patients learn to manage their emotions and behaviors related to pain. • Biofeedback: Technology is used to measure physiological responses in order to teach relaxation techniques. • Lifestyle changes: Exercise, nutrition counseling, stress management, and support groups may also be beneficial for managing chronic pain. What is the Prevalence of Chronic Pain? Chronic pain is a long-term and persistent type of discomfort that can be caused by various factors, ranging from mild to severe, and lasting for weeks, months or even years. It is estimated that 20% of the population worldwide suffer from chronic pain, with up to 40% of those individuals experiencing severe and disabling levels of pain. The prevalence of chronic pain increases with age, it is more common in women than men and it is estimated that up to half of all elderly people suffer from some form of chronic pain. Children and adolescents are also affected by chronic pain – up to 10% experience some form of chronic discomfort. There are many different types of chronic pain, each with their own prevalence rates depending on factors such as age, gender, ethnicity, and geography. Some examples include: • Musculoskeletal conditions such as arthritis and fibromyalgia • Neuropathic conditions such as trigeminal neuralgia and complex regional pain syndrome The prevalence of these conditions varies widely across the world. It is important to note that any type or level of chronic pain can have a significant impact on an individual’s quality of life. Therefore, it is essential that people suffering from this condition receive proper diagnosis and treatment in order to improve their wellbeing. Chronic pain is a debilitating condition that affects millions of people around the world. Defined as pain that persists or recurs for more than 12 weeks, it can range from mild to severe and last for weeks, months or even years. The underlying cause of chronic pain varies, making it difficult to treat. Fortunately, there are a variety of treatments available to help manage this condition. The most common treatment options for chronic pain include physical therapy, medication, lifestyle changes and alternative therapies. It’s important to talk to your doctor about the best treatment plan for you as each case is unique and requires an individualized approach. Physical therapy may involve exercises to strengthen muscles or stretching techniques to reduce tension in the body. Medication is often used to reduce inflammation and alleviate symptoms of chronic pain. Lifestyle changes such as stress management and healthy eating habits can also help improve overall health and well-being while reducing chronic pain symptoms. Lastly, alternative therapies such as acupuncture, massage therapy or yoga have been found effective in treating chronic pain in some cases. Living with chronic pain can be a challenge, but with proper treatment it can be managed effectively. It’s important to stay informed on the latest treatments available so you can make the best decisions for your health and well-being. Remember, no one knows your body better than you do – so don’t hesitate to speak up if something doesn’t feel right!	0.6361	FineWeb	1. Introduction to Chronic Pain 2. Managing Chronic Pain 3. Treatments and Therapies for Chronic Pain
Flourish Spices and African Food West African food is an essential part of Olajumoke Elkanah’s life, so when she moved to Oregon and discovered that the closest place to buy the ingredients she needed to cook her cultural dishes was over an hour’s drive away, she knew she needed to do something. She opened Flourish Spices and African Food in 2022 with the goal of making all the spices, snacks, and produce necessary for her favorite West African dishes affordable and accessible for all. Ola believes that sharing food has the power to bridge cultures and bring people together. Sign up for one of her cooking classes and she might just let you in on a few of her cooking “secrets” passed down through three generations of her family.	0.658	FineWeb	1. West African Food 2. Flourish Spices and African Food 3. Cooking Classes
ANALISIS PENERJEMAHAN PENANDA KOHESI RUJUKAN PRONOMINA DALAM BUKU TEKS CIVIC CULTURE This research aims at identifying, analyzing, and describing translation process and accurate translation of ’it- and ‘they’-pronominal reference in “Civic Culture” by Gabriel A. Almond and Sidney Verba and its translation text “Budaya Politik” by Sahat Simamora. This research used a descriptive-qualitative method. The data sources included the document and informants and the data were the paragraphs containing ‘it’- and ‘they’-pronominal reference in “Civic Culture” and its translation text “Budaya Politik.” The data gathering used the content analysis and in- depth interview techniques, and the data analysis used an interactive model. The findings of this research show that the translation process of the ‘it’- and ‘they’-pronominal reference cohesion device could include three steps; analysis, transfer and re-structure. Occasionally, it could be any shift in the translation of it- and they-pronominal reference cohesion device, i.e., in English, a pronominal reference in word form could be change a phrase in Indonesian language. It was due to the receptor language grammar.	0.9848	FineWeb	1. Translation Process 2. Pronominal Reference 3. Cohesion Device
ILLINOIS: A research team at Northwestern University has developed a prototype of a holographic camera that can see through objects. The new high-resolution camera can capture images through the human body, fog and around corners for vehicles. The technology is known as synthetic wavelength holography, in which light emits from the camera and scatters on the object. The light then returns to the camera, where an algorithm processes the returned light to form the hidden object’s image. The camera can capture images of quick-moving objects, even of a heartbeat and small capillaries. The research team says that though the technology is in the prototype phase, it has the potential to be used in numerous fields. Leave a Reply	0.817	FineWeb	1. Holographic Camera 2. Synthetic Wavelength Holography 3. Medical Imaging Applications
Silver Ring "Beautiful Chrysocolla" Ring with a beautiful Chrysocolla Ring size 24, US size 11 Stone size 3,0 cm long and 2,3 cm wide * Tranquility * Serenity * Peace * Subconscious wisdom * Intuition * Patience * Nurturance * Acceptance * Tolerance * Unconditional love * Calmness * Meditation * Honesty * Hope * Intimacy * Gentleness * Sensitivity Chrysocolla calms cleanses and re-energizes all the chakras. It draws out guilt, heals heartache, and increases the capacity to love. Improves communication and opens psychic vision. Encourages self-awareness and inner balance. Imparts confidence and sensitivity. Chrysocolla enhances personal power and inspires creativity. Overcomes phobias by drawing out negativity and supplying motivation. Reduces mental tension. Promotes truth-telling and impartiality. Alleviates guilt and brings in joy. Chrysocolla treats arthritis, bone disease, osteoporosis, muscle spasms, blood disorders, and lung problems. It detoxifies the liver, kidneys, and intestines. Re-oxygenates the blood, regenerates the pancreas, and regulates insulin. Strengthens muscles and alleviates muscle cramps. Chrysocolla heals infections, lowers blood pressure, and soothes burns. Treats PMS and menstrual cramps.	0.9888	FineWeb	* Chrysocolla Properties * Emotional Benefits * Physical Health Benefits

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